4140 vakada dental sayı anomalilerinin prevalansı: Gaziantep’te yürütülen retrospektif kesitsel bir çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Dental sayı anomalileri (hipodonti ve hiperdonti), diş gelişimi sürecinde en sık karşılaşılan gelişimsel bozukluklar arasında yer almaktadır. Farklı etnik gruplarda belirli dişlerin veya bölgelerin daha sık etkilendiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, üçüncü molar dişler hariç olmak üzere, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı’na başvuran çocuklarda konjenital diş sayısı anomalilerinin prevalansını belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif kesitsel çalışmada, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı’na başvuran 8–15 yaş aralığındaki 4140 çocuğa ait panoramik radyografiler incelenmiştir. Diş çekimi öyküsü, yarık dudak-damak veya sistemik hastalığı bulunan bireyler çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Vakalar cinsiyet, yaş, eksik diş sayısı ve lokalizasyonu açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Hipodonti prevalansı %5,58 olarak belirlenmiş olup toplam 414 konjenital eksik diş saptanmıştır. Yaş grupları ve cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). En sık eksik olan diş mandibular ikinci premolardır; bunu sırasıyla 45, 25, 15 ve 22 numaralı dişler izlemiştir. En yaygın bulgu bir veya iki diş eksikliğidir. Mandibulada eksik diş sayısı maksillaya göre daha fazladır. Hiperdonti olguların %1,67’sinde gözlenmiş ve toplam 77 süpernümerer diş belirlenmiştir. Erkeklerde (%2,15), kadınlara (%1,19) kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek oranda görülmüştür (p<0,05). Süpernümerer dişlerin büyük çoğunluğu (%88,3) maksillada, özellikle mesiodens bölgesinde yer almıştır. Vakaların çoğunda tek bir süpernümerer diş bulunmuş, iki veya daha fazla diş nadiren saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, Gaziantep bölgesinde yaşayan çocuklara ait veriler üzerinden Türk pediatrik popülasyonunda dental sayı anomalilerinin dağılımına ilişkin epidemiyolojik veriler sunmakta ve bu alanda yapılacak toplum temelli araştırmaların önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• konjenital diş eksikliği,
• Hiperdonti
• Hipodonti
• Pedodonti
• Prevalans
• Süpernümerer Dişler

Prevalence of dental number anomalies in 4140 cases: retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in Gaziantep

Abstract

Aims: Dental number anomalies (hypodontia and hyperdontia) are among the most common developmental disorders encountered during the tooth development process in humans. It is known that specific teeth or regions are more frequently affected in different ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of congenital dental number anomalies including both missing and supernumerary teeth-excluding third molars, in children living in the province of Gaziantep University. Methods: This study examined the panoramic radiographs of 4140 children aged 8 to 15 who were admitted to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry. Patients with tooth extraction, cleft lip and palate, and systemic diseases were excluded from the study. The cases were investigated regarding gender, age, number, and location of missing teeth. Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 5.58%, with a total of 414 congenitally missing teeth detected. No statistically significant differences were found across age groups or between sexes (p>0.05). The most frequently missing tooth was the mandibular second premolar, followed by teeth 45, 25, 15, and 22. One or two missing teeth were the most common findings among patients. The mandible exhibited a greater number of missing teeth compared with the maxilla.Hyperdontia was observed in 1.67% of the patients, with a total of 77 supernumerary teeth identified. A statistically significant sex related difference was found (p<0.05), with males (2.15%) more frequently affected than females (1.19%). Most supernumerary teeth were located in the maxilla (88.3%), predominantly in the mesiodens area of the anterior maxillary region. Most affected patients had a single supernumerary tooth, while two or more were rarely encountered. Conclusion: Hypodontia and hyperdontia are important anomalies that may complicate treatment planning in pediatric dentistry. Early radiographic detection facilitates timely diagnosis and management, preventing more complex interventions. The findings of this study provide representative data for Turkiye pediatric patients and emphasize the importance of population based epidemiological research.

Keywords

• Congenital missing teeth
• hyperdontia
• hypodontia
• pediatric dentistry
• prevalence
• supernumerary teeth

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