4140 vakada dental sayı anomalilerinin prevalansı: Gaziantep’te yürütülen retrospektif kesitsel bir çalışma

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 52 - 59, 05.01.2026

Zehra Güner , Büşra Yücetürk , Saadet Nilsu Muttepe , Zübeyde Uçar Gündoğar

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1804783

https://izlik.org/JA85XA65YH

Abstract

Amaç:
Dental sayı anomalileri (hipodonti ve hiperdonti), diş gelişimi sürecinde en sık karşılaşılan gelişimsel bozukluklar arasında yer almaktadır. Farklı etnik gruplarda belirli dişlerin veya bölgelerin daha sık etkilendiği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, üçüncü molar dişler hariç olmak üzere, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı’na başvuran çocuklarda konjenital diş sayısı anomalilerinin prevalansını belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem:
Bu retrospektif kesitsel çalışmada, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı’na başvuran 8–15 yaş aralığındaki 4140 çocuğa ait panoramik radyografiler incelenmiştir. Diş çekimi öyküsü, yarık dudak-damak veya sistemik hastalığı bulunan bireyler çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Vakalar cinsiyet, yaş, eksik diş sayısı ve lokalizasyonu açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular:
Hipodonti prevalansı %5,58 olarak belirlenmiş olup toplam 414 konjenital eksik diş saptanmıştır. Yaş grupları ve cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). En sık eksik olan diş mandibular ikinci premolardır; bunu sırasıyla 45, 25, 15 ve 22 numaralı dişler izlemiştir. En yaygın bulgu bir veya iki diş eksikliğidir. Mandibulada eksik diş sayısı maksillaya göre daha fazladır. Hiperdonti olguların %1,67’sinde gözlenmiş ve toplam 77 süpernümerer diş belirlenmiştir. Erkeklerde (%2,15), kadınlara (%1,19) kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksek oranda görülmüştür (p<0,05). Süpernümerer dişlerin büyük çoğunluğu (%88,3) maksillada, özellikle mesiodens bölgesinde yer almıştır. Vakaların çoğunda tek bir süpernümerer diş bulunmuş, iki veya daha fazla diş nadiren saptanmıştır.
Sonuç:
Bu çalışma, Gaziantep bölgesinde yaşayan çocuklara ait veriler üzerinden Türk pediatrik popülasyonunda dental sayı anomalilerinin dağılımına ilişkin epidemiyolojik veriler sunmakta ve bu alanda yapılacak toplum temelli araştırmaların önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

konjenital diş eksikliği, , Hiperdonti , Hipodonti , Pedodonti , Prevalans , Süpernümerer Dişler

Prevalence of dental number anomalies in 4140 cases: retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in Gaziantep

https://izlik.org/JA85XA65YH

Abstract

Aims: Dental number anomalies (hypodontia and hyperdontia) are among the most common developmental disorders encountered during the tooth development process in humans. It is known that specific teeth or regions are more frequently affected in different ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of congenital dental number anomalies including both missing and supernumerary teeth-excluding third molars, in children living in the province of Gaziantep University.
Methods: This study examined the panoramic radiographs of 4140 children aged 8 to 15 who were admitted to the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Gaziantep University Faculty of Dentistry. Patients with tooth extraction, cleft lip and palate, and systemic diseases were excluded from the study. The cases were investigated regarding gender, age, number, and location of missing teeth.
Results: The prevalence of hypodontia was 5.58%, with a total of 414 congenitally missing teeth detected. No statistically significant differences were found across age groups or between sexes (p>0.05). The most frequently missing tooth was the mandibular second premolar, followed by teeth 45, 25, 15, and 22. One or two missing teeth were the most common findings among patients. The mandible exhibited a greater number of missing teeth compared with the maxilla.Hyperdontia was observed in 1.67% of the patients, with a total of 77 supernumerary teeth identified. A statistically significant sex related difference was found (p<0.05), with males (2.15%) more frequently affected than females (1.19%). Most supernumerary teeth were located in the maxilla (88.3%), predominantly in the mesiodens area of the anterior maxillary region. Most affected patients had a single supernumerary tooth, while two or more were rarely encountered.
Conclusion: Hypodontia and hyperdontia are important anomalies that may complicate treatment planning in pediatric dentistry. Early radiographic detection facilitates timely diagnosis and management, preventing more complex interventions. The findings of this study provide representative data for Turkiye pediatric patients and emphasize the importance of population based epidemiological research.

Keywords

Congenital missing teeth , hyperdontia , hypodontia , pediatric dentistry , prevalence , supernumerary teeth

References

• Sharma U, Gulati A, Gill NC. Anomalies of tooth number in the age range of 2-5 years in nonsyndromic children: a literature review. J South Asian Assoc Pediatr Dent. 2020;3(2):95-109. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10077-3050
• Wojda M, Wielgosz A. Hypodontia and hyperdontia as examples of developmental disorders in tooth number: literature review and clinical case reports. Qual Sport. 2024;23:54660.
• Pemberton TJ, Das P, Patel PI. Hypodontia: genetics and future perspectives. Braz J Oral Sci. 2005;4(14):695–706.
• Aras A, Dogan M. The prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in 9-16 years old children. Ann Med Res. 2020;27(2):297–302. doi:10.5455/annalsmedres.2019.09.588
• Parkin N, Elcock C, Smith RN, Griffin RC, Brook AH. The aetiology of hypodontia: the prevalence, severity and location of hypodontia within families. Arch Oral Biol. 2009;54(1):52-56. doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.11.002
• Kurt A, Kara P. Dental number anomalies in children applying to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University faculty of dentistry: a retrospective cross-sectional study. Turk Klin J Dent Sci. 2022;28(2):72-78. doi:10.5336/dentalsci.2021-81197
• van Marrewijk DJF, van Stiphout MAE, Reuland-Bosma W, Bronkhorst EM, Ongkosuwito EM. The relationship between craniofacial development and hypodontia in patients with Down syndrome. Eur J Orthod. 2016;38(2):178-183. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjv054
• Fauzi NH, Ardini YD, Zainuddin Z, Lestari WA. A review on non-syndromic tooth agenesis associated with PAX9 mutations. Jpn Dent Sci Rev. 2018;54(1):30-36. doi:10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.08.001
• Watted N, Zere E, Abu-Hussein M. Prevalence of dental anomalies in Arab Israeli orthodontic patients. Int J Public Health Dent. 2015;3(3):77-82.
• Candan U, Kıpçak Ö, Evcil MS. Prevalence of congenital permanent tooth absence in children from the Aegean region. Ankara Univ Fac Dent J. 2015;24(1)
• Gokkaya B, Kargul B. Prevalence and pattern of non-syndromic hypodontia in a group of Turkish children. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2016;50 (1):58-64. doi:10.15644/asc50/1/8
• Chung CJ, Han JH, Kim KH. The pattern and prevalence of hypodontia in Koreans. Oral Dis. 2008;14(7):620–625. doi:10.1111/j.1601-0825.2007.01 434.x
• Brook AH. A unifying aetiological explanation for anomalies of human tooth number and size. Arch Oral Biol. 1984;29(5):373–378. doi:10.1016/ 0003-9969(84)90163-8
• Bural C, Oztas E, Ozturk S, Bayraktar G. Multidisciplinary treatment of non-syndromic oligodontia. Eur J Dent. 2012;6(2):218–226.
• Sheikhi M, Sadeghi MA, Ghorbanizadeh S. Prevalence of congenitally missing permanent teeth in Iran. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012;9(1):105-111.
• Daou MH, Bteiche PH, Fakhouri J, Osta NE. Prevalence of hypodontia and supernumerary teeth in patients attending a private pediatric dental clinic in Lebanon. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2019;43(5):345–349. doi: 10.17796/1053-4625-43.5.8
• Murashima-Suginami A, Takahashi K, Sakata T, et al. Rudiment incisors survive and erupt as supernumerary teeth as a result of USAG-1 abrogation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;359(3):549-555. doi:10. 1016/j.bbrc.2007.05.148
• Kiso H, Takahashi K, Saito K, et al. Interactions between BMP-7 and USAG-1 (Uterine Sensitization-Associated Gene-1) regulate supernumerary organ formations. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e96938. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096938
• Acıkgöz A, Acıkgöz G, Tunga U, Otan F. Characteristics and prevalence of non-syndromic multiple supernumerary teeth: a retrospective study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006;35(3):185–190. doi:10.1259/dmfr/219564 32
• Ardini YD, Abu Bakar N, Kamalul’lail NF, Mohd Rasdi NS. Assessment of dental development in children with hypodontia and hyperdontia: a case-control study. J Dent Indones. 2018;25(2):65–70. doi:10.31436/imjm.v17i2.943
• Behr M, Proff P, Leitzmann M, Pretzel M, Handel G, Schmalz G. Survey of congenitally missing teeth in orthodontic patients in Eastern Bavaria. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33(1):32-36. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjq021
• Karaağaç Eskibağlar, B. Evaluation of the frequency of dental anomalies in children: a cross-sectional retrospective study. Turk Endod J. 2004; 71-76. doi:10.14744/TEJ.2024.52724
• Popa M, Dinu S, Bratu E. Interceptive treatment in hypodontia. J Pediatrul. 2010;10(37):43-46.
• Freitas D, Tsumurai RY, Filho DNSP. Prevalence of dental anomalies of number, size, shape and structure. RGO (Porto Alegre). 2012;60(4):437-441.
• Hobson RS, Carter NE, Gillgrass TJ, et al. The interdisciplinary management of hypodontia: The relationship between an interdisciplinary team and the general dental practitioner. Br Dent J. 2003;194(9):479-482. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4810184
• Endo T, Ozoe R, Kubota M, Akiyama M, Shimooka S. A survey of hypodontia in Japanese orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006;129(1):29-35. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.09.024
• Dzemidzic V, Nakas E, Gagula I, Kozadra J, Tiro A. The prevalence of hypodontia and hyperdontia in orthodontic patients. Acta Med Acad. 2020;49(1):51-56. doi:10.5644/ama2006-124.283
• Endo T, Ozoe R, Yoshino S, Shimooka S. Hypodontia patterns and variations in craniofacial morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients. Angle Orthod. 2006;76(6):996-1003. doi:10.2319/082905-303
• Gracco ALT, Zanatta S, Valente F, et al. Prevalence of dental agenesis in a sample of Italian orthodontic patients: an epidemiological study. Prog Orthod. 2017;18(1):33. doi:10.1186/s40510-017-0186-9
• Al-Ani AH, Antoun JS, Thomson WM, Merriman TR, Farella M. Hypodontia: an update on its etiology, classification, and clinical management. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9378325. doi:10.1155/2017/93783 25
• Manasa Devi TL, Subramaniam P, Babu KL, Suneela S. Prevalence and pattern of non-syndromic hypodontia among adolescents in southern part of India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021;14(4):492-496. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1983
• Sola RA, Sola PA, Pérez JDLC, Sánchez IN, Renovales ID. Prevalence of hypodontia in a sample of Spanish dental patients. Acta Stomatol Croat. 2018;52(1):18-23. doi:10.15644/asc52/1/3
• Al Jawad FHA, Al Yafei H, Al Sheeb M, Al Emadi B, Al Hashimi N. Hypodontia prevalence and distribution pattern in a group of Qatari orthodontic and pediatric patients: a retrospective study. Eur J Dent. 2015;9(2):267-271. doi:10.4103/1305-7456.156850
• Uzuner D, Bayrak S, Özden B, et al. Assessment of hypodontia in the Turkish patients referring to a university clinic. Turk J Orthod. 2013;26 (3):120-126. doi:10.4103/1305-7456.119057
• Altug-Atac, A. T. & Erdem, D. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131(4):510-514. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.06.027
• Topkara A, Sari Z. Prevalence and distribution of hypodontia in a Turkish orthodontic patient population: results from a large academic cohort. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2011;12(2):123-127.
• Ayranci F. Evaluation of the prevalence of congenital permanent tooth deficiency in children in the Middle Black Sea Region. Suleyman Demirel Univ J Health Sci. 2019;10(1):137-140. doi:10.22312/sdusbed.474214
• Gokkaya B, Kargul B. Assessment of the eating disorders and relationship with dental caries, age, gender, and body mass index in a sample of Turkish adolescents aged 9 through 15. Niger J Clin Pract. 2022;25(5):695-701. doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_1998_21
• Celikoğlu M, Kazanci F, Miloglu O, Oztek O, Kamak H, Ceylan I. Frequency and characteristics of tooth agenesis among an orthodontic patient population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15(5):e797-e801. doi:10.4317/medoral.15.e797
• Şişman Y, Uysal T, Gelgor IE. Hypodontia: does the prevalence and distribution pattern differ in orthodontic patients? Eur J Dent. 2007;1(3): 167-173. doi:10.1055/s-0039-1698333
• Wreakes G. The craniofacial morphology of individuals with hypodontia. Am J Orthod. 1974;65(3):281-290. doi:10.3109/00016357409026344
• Larmour CJ, Mossey PA, Thind BS, Forgie AH, Stirrups DR. Hypodontia: a retrospective review of prevalence and etiology. Quintessence Int. 2005;36(4):263-270.
• Peker I, Kaya E, Darendeliler-Yaman S. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of non-syndromic hypodontia and hyperdontia in permanent dentition. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2009;14(8):e393–397.
• Fekonja A. Hypodontia in orthodontically treated children. Eur J Orthod. 2005;27(5):457-460. doi:10.1093/ejo/cji027
• Gomes RR, da Fonseca JAC, Paula LM, Faber J, Acevedo AC. Prevalence of hypodontia in orthodontic patients in Brasília, Brazil. Eur J Orthod.2010;32(3):302-306. doi:10.1093/ejo/cjp107
• Vastardis H. The genetics of human tooth agenesis: new discoveries for understanding dental anomalies. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2000;117(6): 650-656. doi:10.1016/S0889-5406(00)70173-9
• Laganà G, Venza N, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Fabi F, Danesi C, Cozza P. Dental anomalies: prevalence and associations between them in a large sample of non-orthodontic subjects, a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2017;17(1):62. doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0352-y
• Goya HA, Tanaka S, Maeda T, Akimoto Y. An orthopantomographic study of hypodontia in permanent teeth of Japanese pediatric patients. J Oral Sci. 2008; 50. 143–150. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.50.143
• Küchler EC, Costa AG, Costa MC, Vieira AR, Granjeiro JM. Supernumerary teeth vary depending on gender. Braz Oral Res. 2011;25 (1):76-79. doi:10.1590/S1806-83242011000100013
• Amini F, Rakhshan V, Babaei P. Prevalence and pattern of hypodontia in the permanent dentition of 3374 Iranian orthodontic patients. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2012;9(3):245-250.
• Ata-Ali F, Ata-Ali J, Peñarrocha-Oltra D, Peñarrocha-Diago M. Prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and complications of supernumerary teeth. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014;6(4):e414-418. doi:10.4317/jced.51499
• Mallineni SK, Anthonappa RP, Jayaraman J, King NM. Radiographic localization of supernumerary teeth: a narrative review. Front Dent Med. 2025;6:1495025. doi:10.3389/fdmed.2025.1495025
• Hajmohammadi E, Najirad S, Mikaeili H, Kamran A. Epidemiology of supernumerary teeth in 5000 radiography films: investigation of patients referring to the clinics of Ardabil in 2015-2020. Int J Dent. 2021; 2021:6669436. doi:10.1155/2021/6669436
• Singh AK, Soni S, Jaiswal D, Pani P, Sidhartha R. Prevalence of supernumerary teeth and its associated complications among school-going children between the ages of 6 and 15 years of Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2022; 15. 504-508. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2442
• Katanaki N, Makrygiannakis MA, Kaklamanos EG. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth in a sample of non-syndromic young patients from Greece. Dent J. 2025;13(4):317. doi:10.3390/dj13040317
• He L, Que G, Yang X, Yan S, Luo S. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and three-dimensional radiographic analysis of supernumerary teeth in Guangzhou, China: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1): 351. doi:10.1186/s12903-023-03452-1
• Alberti G, Mondani PM, Parodi V. Eruption of supernumerary permanent teeth in a sample of urban primary school population in Genoa, Italy. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2006;7(2):89-92.
• Demiriz L, Durmuşlar MC, Mısır AF. Prevalence and characteristics of supernumerary teeth: A survey on 7348 people. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2015;5(1):S39-43. doi:10.4103/2231-0762.156151
• Esenlik E, Sayın MO, Atilla AO, Özen T, Altun C, Başak F. Supernumerary teeth in a Turkish population. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009;136(6):848-852. doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.10.058