Research Article

End-organ damage in hypertension: clinical and public health insights from Turkiye

Volume: 9 Number: 1 January 5, 2026
TR EN

End-organ damage in hypertension: clinical and public health insights from Turkiye

Abstract

Aims: Hypertension affects 1.3 billion adults globally yet remains substantially underdiagnosed. In Turkiye, national screening programs exist for several conditions, but universal hypertension screening is not implemented despite hypertension being more prevalent than diseases currently screened. Understanding presentation patterns is essential for informing screening policy. This study aimed to assess hypertension severity and end-organ damage at diagnosis and determine whether symptoms or routine clinical variables can identify patients with more severe blood pressure elevation. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 126 new hypertension patients presenting to a nephrology clinic in Turkiye between August-October 2025. Participants completed 7-day home blood pressure monitoring before treatment initiation. Sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, comorbidities, anthropometric measurements, and laboratory parameters were collected. Hypertension severity was classified using 2023 ESC/ESH criteria. Associations between blood pressure and clinical variables were examined using correlation analyses and multiple regression models. Results: At diagnosis, mean systolic blood pressure was 159.75±15.74 mmHg and diastolic was 99.01±10.57 mmHg. Over two-thirds (64.3%) presented with grade 2-3 hypertension. Furthermore, 58 patients (46%) had retinopathy, whereas 10 had microalbuminuria and 11 had left ventricular hypertrophy and 69 (54.7%) presented with insulin resistance as calculated by HOMA-IR scores. Almost all patients (92.8%) reported symptoms, most commonly headache (88.1%) and tinnitus (46.8%), yet symptom burden showed no correlation with blood pressure levels (p>0.05). Several biochemical markers showed weak univariable correlations with blood pressure, but none remained significant in multivariable models. Mean BMI was 31.37±6.10 kg/m², with laboratory findings suggesting increased cardiometabolic risk. Conclusion: Relatively young adults are being diagnosed with hypertension only after years of silent damage, presenting with moderate-to-severe disease and coexisting cardiometabolic abnormalities in addition to potential signs of end-organ damage; mainly retinopathy. Symptoms cannot guide detection, and clinical variables cannot identify high-risk individuals. This late diagnosis perpetuates preventable cardiovascular morbidity, mortality, end-organ damage and escalating healthcare costs. Systematic, population-based blood pressure screening is urgently needed to interrupt this trajectory of invisible harm.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Ethical Statement

The study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the necessary ethical approvals were obtained from Van Education and Training Hospital (GOKAEK-20250608 approval date: 08.08.2025).

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Nefroloji, Public Health (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

January 5, 2026

Submission Date

November 15, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 31, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Ada, S., Aylı, B. I., & Biçer, A. (2026). End-organ damage in hypertension: clinical and public health insights from Turkiye. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, 9(1), 221-227. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1824199
AMA
1.Ada S, Aylı BI, Biçer A. End-organ damage in hypertension: clinical and public health insights from Turkiye. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026;9(1):221-227. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1824199
Chicago
Ada, Sibel, Berrak Itır Aylı, and Abdurrahman Biçer. 2026. “End-Organ Damage in Hypertension: Clinical and Public Health Insights from Turkiye”. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 9 (1): 221-27. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1824199.
EndNote
Ada S, Aylı BI, Biçer A (January 1, 2026) End-organ damage in hypertension: clinical and public health insights from Turkiye. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 9 1 221–227.
IEEE
[1]S. Ada, B. I. Aylı, and A. Biçer, “End-organ damage in hypertension: clinical and public health insights from Turkiye”, J Health Sci Med / JHSM, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 221–227, Jan. 2026, doi: 10.32322/jhsm.1824199.
ISNAD
Ada, Sibel - Aylı, Berrak Itır - Biçer, Abdurrahman. “End-Organ Damage in Hypertension: Clinical and Public Health Insights from Turkiye”. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 9/1 (January 1, 2026): 221-227. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1824199.
JAMA
1.Ada S, Aylı BI, Biçer A. End-organ damage in hypertension: clinical and public health insights from Turkiye. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026;9:221–227.
MLA
Ada, Sibel, et al. “End-Organ Damage in Hypertension: Clinical and Public Health Insights from Turkiye”. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, vol. 9, no. 1, Jan. 2026, pp. 221-7, doi:10.32322/jhsm.1824199.
Vancouver
1.Sibel Ada, Berrak Itır Aylı, Abdurrahman Biçer. End-organ damage in hypertension: clinical and public health insights from Turkiye. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026 Jan. 1;9(1):221-7. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1824199

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