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Anatomi alanında Yapay Zekâ uygulamalarının küresel eğilimleri: içerik-temelli bir bibliyometrik analiz

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 313 - 322, 12.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA97RY96KC

Abstract

Amaç:

Bu çalışma, 2019–2025 yılları arasında anatomi alanında yapay zekâ (YZ) uygulamalarına ilişkin küresel ve ulusal düzeydeki eğilimleri ortaya koymayı ve bu eğilimlerden kaynaklanan metodolojik ve eğitsel öncelikleri belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Yöntemler:

Çalışma, Web of Science (SCI-Expanded) ve TR Dizin veri tabanlarında indekslenen yayınlara dayalı bir bibliyometrik analize dayanmaktadır. Yayın yılı, atıf metrikleri, yazar ve ülke dağılımları ile iş birliği ağları değerlendirilmiştir. Ek olarak, tüm çalışmalar iki araştırmacı tarafından anatomik odak (radyolojik anatomi, mikroanatomi, eğitim) ve YZ görev türü (segmentasyon, sınıflandırma, üretim vb.) açısından manuel içerik-temelli bir sınıflandırma sistemi kullanılarak kategorize edilmiştir. Kodlayıcılar arası uyum nitel olarak değerlendirilmiş ve görüş birliği sağlanmıştır.

Bulgular:

Dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan toplam 168 çalışma (155 WoS, 13 TR Dizin) incelenmiştir. Çalışmaların çoğu radyolojik ve mikroanatomik uygulamalara odaklanırken, eğitim ve büyük dil modelleri (LLM’ler) ile ilgili araştırmalar daha sınırlı düzeydedir. Etik ve beden bağışı temalı çalışmalar ise veri setinde yer almamaktadır. 2021 sonrasında yayın sayısında belirgin bir artış gözlenmiş olup ulusal veriler bu küresel eğilimi yansıtmaktadır.

Sonuç:

2019–2025 döneminde anatomi alanında yapay zekâ araştırmaları ağırlıklı olarak radyolojik ve mikroanatomik alanlara yönelmiştir; bu durum görüntüleme yöntemleri ile yapısal analiz arasındaki güçlü ilişkiyi göstermektedir. Eğitsel çalışmalar ve beden bağışı temalı araştırmalar ise oldukça sınırlıdır. Alanın ilerlemesi, çok merkezli veri paylaşımı ve metodolojik standartların (TRIPOD+AI, CLAIM) uygulanmasına bağlı olacaktır. Bu çalışma, yapay zekâ–anatomi araştırmalarının tematik evrimini ortaya koyarak anatomi ve eğitim alanına entegrasyon için bir referans sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Sözcükler:

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma, yalnızca daha önce yayımlanmış ve kamuya açık bilimsel makalelere dayanan bir bibliyometrik analizdir. İnsan katılımcı, hasta verisi, kişisel bilgi, hayvan deneyi veya retrospektif klinik kayıt içermemektedir. Bu nedenle etik kurul onayı gerekmemektedir.

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma için herhangi bir kurum veya fon desteği alınmamıştır.

Thanks

Anatomi biliminin gelişmesine bağışlarıyla katkı sağlayan tüm beden bağışçılarına teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Gün M. Can AI match emergency physicians in managing common emergency cases? A comparative performance evaluation. BMC Emerg Med. 2025;25(1):142. doi:10.1186/s12873-025-01303-y
  • McGenity C, Clarke EL, Jennings C, et al. Artificial intelligence in digital pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. NPJ Digit Med. 2024;7(1):114. doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01106-8
  • Najjar R. Redefining radiology: a review of artificial intelligence integration in medical imaging. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(17):2760. doi:10.3390/diagnostics13172760
  • Ong CS, Obey NT, Zheng Y, Cohan A, Schneider EB. SurgeryLLM: a retrieval-augmented generation large language model framework for surgical decision support and workflow enhancement. NPJ Digit Med. 2024;7(1):364. doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01391-3
  • Gomez-Cabello CA, Borna S, Pressman SM, Haider SA, Forte AJ. Large language models for intraoperative decision support in plastic surgery: a comparison between ChatGPT-4 and Gemini. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024;60(6):957. doi:10.3390/medicina60060957
  • Li H, Han Z, Wu H, et al. Artificial intelligence in surgery: evolution, trends, and future directions. Int J Surg. 2025;111(2):2101-2111. doi:10. 1097/js9.0000000000002159
  • Joseph T, Gowrie S, Montalbano MJ, et al. The roles of artificial intelligence in teaching anatomy: a systematic review. Clin Anat. 2025; 38(5):552-567. doi:10.1002/ca.24272
  • Obuchowicz R, Lasek J, Wodziński M, et al. Artificial intelligence-empowered radiology—current status and critical review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2025;15(3):282. doi:10.3390/diagnostics15030282
  • Gitto S, Cuocolo R, Huisman M, et al. CT and MRI radiomics of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas: an updated systematic review of reproducibility and validation strategies. Insights Imaging. 2024;15(1):54. doi:10.1186/s13244-024-01614-x
  • Park SH, Suh CH. Reporting guidelines for artificial intelligence studies in healthcare (for both conventional and large language models): what’s new in 2024. Korean J Radiol. 2024;25(8):687-690. doi:10.3348/kjr.2024. 0598
  • Zhang YN, Xie XM, Xu Q. ChatGPT and medical education: bibliometric and visual analysis. JMIR Med Educ. 2025;11:e72356. doi:10.2196/72356
  • Korkmaz FT, Ok F, Karip B, Keleş P. A structured evaluation of LLM-generated step-by-step instructions in cadaveric brachial plexus dissection. BMC Med Educ. 2025;25(1):903. doi:10.1186/s12909-025-07493-0
  • Korkmaz FT, Ok F, Karip B, Keleş P. Exploring body donation communication with large language models: accuracy, readability, and ethical considerations. Anat Sci Educ. 2025;18(11):1238-1249. doi:10. 1002/ase.70120
  • Mogali SR. Initial impressions of ChatGPT for anatomy education. Anat Sci Educ. 2024;17(2):444-447. doi:10.1002/ase.2261
  • World Health Organization. Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: guidance on large multi-modal models. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2025. Accessed October 2025. ISBN: 978-92-4-008475-9.
  • World Health Organization. Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2021. Accessed August 2025. ISBN: 9789240029200.
  • Aria M, Cuccurullo C. bibliometrix: an R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J Informetr. 2017;11(4):959-975. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
  • Tejani AS, Klontzas ME, Gatti AA, et al. Checklist for artificial intelligence in medical imaging (CLAIM): 2024 update. Radiol Artif Intell. 2024;6(4):e240300. doi:10.1148/ryai.240300
  • Collins GS, Moons KGM, Dhiman P, et al. TRIPOD+AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods. BMJ. 2024;385:e078378. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-078378
  • Ok F, Karip B, Temizsoy Korkmaz F. Evaluating the performance of large language models in anatomy education: advancing anatomy learning with ChatGPT-4o. Eur J Ther. 2025;31(1):35-43. doi:10.58600/eurjther2611
  • Arun G, Perumal V, Urias FPJB, et al. ChatGPT versus a customized AI chatbot (Anatbuddy) for anatomy education: a comparative pilot study. Anat Sci Educ. 2024;17(7):1396-1405. doi:10.1002/ase.2502
  • Korkmaz YY, Aydın O, Güngör F, et al. ChatGPT and other large language models in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a multidimensional audit of reliability, quality, and readability. Surg Endosc. 2025. doi:10. 1007/s00464-025-12315-x

Global trends in Artificial Intelligence applications in anatomy: a content-based bibliometric analysis

Year 2026, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 313 - 322, 12.03.2026
https://izlik.org/JA97RY96KC

Abstract

Aims: This study aims to determine the global and national trends in Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in the field of anatomy between 2019 and 2024 and to identify the methodological and educational priorities arising from these trends.
Methods: The study is based on a bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in the Web of Science (SCI-Expanded) and TR Index databases. Publication year, citation metrics, author and country distributions, and collaboration networks were evaluated. Additionally, all studies were categorized by two researchers using a manual content-based classification system in terms of anatomical focus (radiological anatomy, microanatomy, education) and AI task type (segmentation, classification, text generation, etc.). Inter-coder agreement was assessed qualitatively, and consensus was achieved.
Results: A total of 168 studies (155 WoS, 13 TR Index) meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed. While most studies focused on radiological and microanatomical applications, research on education and large language models (LLMs) was more limited. After 2021, the number of publications rose sharply, with national data (TR Index) reflecting the same upward global trend.
Conclusion: During 2019–2024, AI in anatomy research has mainly focused on radiological and microanatomical fields, highlighting the link between imaging methodologies and structural analysis. Educational applications and LLM-based studies remain limited within Anatomy & Morphology journals. Progress will rely on multi-center data sharing and methodological standardization (TRIPOD+AI, CLAIM). This study outlines the thematic evolution of AI–anatomy research, providing a reference for its integration into anatomy and education.

Ethical Statement

This study is a bibliometric analysis based solely on previously published and publicly accessible articles. It does not involve human participants, patient data, personal information, animal experiments, or retrospective clinical records. Therefore, ethical committee approval was not required.

Supporting Institution

No funding was received for this study.

Thanks

We express our gratitude to all body donors whose generous contributions make anatomical research and education possible.

References

  • Gün M. Can AI match emergency physicians in managing common emergency cases? A comparative performance evaluation. BMC Emerg Med. 2025;25(1):142. doi:10.1186/s12873-025-01303-y
  • McGenity C, Clarke EL, Jennings C, et al. Artificial intelligence in digital pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy. NPJ Digit Med. 2024;7(1):114. doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01106-8
  • Najjar R. Redefining radiology: a review of artificial intelligence integration in medical imaging. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(17):2760. doi:10.3390/diagnostics13172760
  • Ong CS, Obey NT, Zheng Y, Cohan A, Schneider EB. SurgeryLLM: a retrieval-augmented generation large language model framework for surgical decision support and workflow enhancement. NPJ Digit Med. 2024;7(1):364. doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01391-3
  • Gomez-Cabello CA, Borna S, Pressman SM, Haider SA, Forte AJ. Large language models for intraoperative decision support in plastic surgery: a comparison between ChatGPT-4 and Gemini. Medicina (Kaunas). 2024;60(6):957. doi:10.3390/medicina60060957
  • Li H, Han Z, Wu H, et al. Artificial intelligence in surgery: evolution, trends, and future directions. Int J Surg. 2025;111(2):2101-2111. doi:10. 1097/js9.0000000000002159
  • Joseph T, Gowrie S, Montalbano MJ, et al. The roles of artificial intelligence in teaching anatomy: a systematic review. Clin Anat. 2025; 38(5):552-567. doi:10.1002/ca.24272
  • Obuchowicz R, Lasek J, Wodziński M, et al. Artificial intelligence-empowered radiology—current status and critical review. Diagnostics (Basel). 2025;15(3):282. doi:10.3390/diagnostics15030282
  • Gitto S, Cuocolo R, Huisman M, et al. CT and MRI radiomics of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas: an updated systematic review of reproducibility and validation strategies. Insights Imaging. 2024;15(1):54. doi:10.1186/s13244-024-01614-x
  • Park SH, Suh CH. Reporting guidelines for artificial intelligence studies in healthcare (for both conventional and large language models): what’s new in 2024. Korean J Radiol. 2024;25(8):687-690. doi:10.3348/kjr.2024. 0598
  • Zhang YN, Xie XM, Xu Q. ChatGPT and medical education: bibliometric and visual analysis. JMIR Med Educ. 2025;11:e72356. doi:10.2196/72356
  • Korkmaz FT, Ok F, Karip B, Keleş P. A structured evaluation of LLM-generated step-by-step instructions in cadaveric brachial plexus dissection. BMC Med Educ. 2025;25(1):903. doi:10.1186/s12909-025-07493-0
  • Korkmaz FT, Ok F, Karip B, Keleş P. Exploring body donation communication with large language models: accuracy, readability, and ethical considerations. Anat Sci Educ. 2025;18(11):1238-1249. doi:10. 1002/ase.70120
  • Mogali SR. Initial impressions of ChatGPT for anatomy education. Anat Sci Educ. 2024;17(2):444-447. doi:10.1002/ase.2261
  • World Health Organization. Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health: guidance on large multi-modal models. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2025. Accessed October 2025. ISBN: 978-92-4-008475-9.
  • World Health Organization. Ethics and governance of artificial intelligence for health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2021. Accessed August 2025. ISBN: 9789240029200.
  • Aria M, Cuccurullo C. bibliometrix: an R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J Informetr. 2017;11(4):959-975. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2017.08.007
  • Tejani AS, Klontzas ME, Gatti AA, et al. Checklist for artificial intelligence in medical imaging (CLAIM): 2024 update. Radiol Artif Intell. 2024;6(4):e240300. doi:10.1148/ryai.240300
  • Collins GS, Moons KGM, Dhiman P, et al. TRIPOD+AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods. BMJ. 2024;385:e078378. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2023-078378
  • Ok F, Karip B, Temizsoy Korkmaz F. Evaluating the performance of large language models in anatomy education: advancing anatomy learning with ChatGPT-4o. Eur J Ther. 2025;31(1):35-43. doi:10.58600/eurjther2611
  • Arun G, Perumal V, Urias FPJB, et al. ChatGPT versus a customized AI chatbot (Anatbuddy) for anatomy education: a comparative pilot study. Anat Sci Educ. 2024;17(7):1396-1405. doi:10.1002/ase.2502
  • Korkmaz YY, Aydın O, Güngör F, et al. ChatGPT and other large language models in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a multidimensional audit of reliability, quality, and readability. Surg Endosc. 2025. doi:10. 1007/s00464-025-12315-x
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Medical Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Fulya Temizsoy Korkmaz 0000-0001-7048-036X

Burak Karip 0000-0002-6757-4960

Submission Date November 20, 2025
Acceptance Date January 20, 2026
Publication Date March 12, 2026
IZ https://izlik.org/JA97RY96KC
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA 1.Temizsoy Korkmaz F, Karip B. Global trends in Artificial Intelligence applications in anatomy: a content-based bibliometric analysis. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026;9(2):313-322. https://izlik.org/JA97RY96KC

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