Amaç: Torasik anatomik varyasyonlar ve konjenital anomaliler, çoğunlukla akciğer grafilerinde tesadüfen saptanan bulgulardır; ancak tanısal yorumlama, girişimsel işlemler ve cerrahi planlama açısından önemli klinik sonuçlara yol açabilirler. Geniş erişkin popülasyonlarında, özellikle Türkiye’den elde edilen prevalans verileri sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye erişkin popülasyonuna ilişkin epidemiyolojik kanıtları güçlendirmek ve uluslararası literatürde bildirilen radyolojik varyasyon verileriyle karşılaştırılabilir bir referans veri seti sunmaktır.
Yöntem: Bu retrospektif, kesitsel çalışmada 34.445 erişkine ait dijital posteroanterior akciğer grafileri incelendi. Akciğer grafilerinde saptanabilir torasik anatomik varyasyonlar ve konjenital anomaliler (azigos lobu, sağ aortik ark, hiatal herni, Chilaiditi bulgusu, situs inversus totalis ve servikal kosta), iki göğüs hastalıkları uzmanı tarafından PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) üzerinden sistematik olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Torasik anatomik varyasyonlar ve konjenital anomaliler, 34.445 hastanın 423’ünde (%1,2) saptandı. En sık bulgu azigos lobu (%0,9) olup, bunu hiatal herni (%0,2) izledi. Sağ aortik ark, servikal kosta, Chilaiditi bulgusu ve situs inversus totalis oldukça nadir görüldü. Azigos lobu erkeklerde anlamlı olarak daha sık iken, hiatal herni ve servikal kosta kadınlarda anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (p < 0,05). Gözlemciler arası uyum mükemmel düzeydeydi (κ = 0,88; p < 0,001).
Sonuç: Torasik anatomik varyasyonlar ve konjenital anomaliler nadir görülmekle birlikte, geniş erişkin popülasyonlarında göz ardı edilemeyecek sıklıktadır. Bu yapıların rutin akciğer grafilerinde sistematik olarak değerlendirilmesi, yanlış yorumlamaların önüne geçilmesine, gereksiz ileri görüntüleme tetkiklerinin azaltılmasına ve invaziv işlemler sırasında gelişebilecek komplikasyon riskinin düşürülmesine katkı sağlayabilir.
Bu retrospektif çalışma, Samsun Üniversitesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylandı (Karar no: GOKAEK 2025/4/2). Hasta kimlik bilgileri gizli tutuldu ve tüm işlemler Helsinki Bildirgesi’nin etik ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütüldü.
Aims: Thoracic anatomical variations and congenital anomalies are usually incidental findings on chest radiographs but may have important implications for diagnosis, interventional procedures, and surgical planning. Epidemiological data on their prevalence in large adult populations, particularly from Turkiye, remain limited. The aim of this study is to strengthen the epidemiological evidence regarding the adult population in Turkiye and to provide a reference dataset that is comparable with radiologic variation data reported in the international literature.
Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, digital posteroanterior chest radiographs of 34,445 adults. Thoracic anatomical variations and congenital anomalies detectable on chest radiographs (azygos lobe, right aortic arch, hiatal hernia, Chilaiditi sign, situs inversus totalis, and cervical rib) were systematically evaluated by two pulmonology specialists using Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).
Results: Thoracic anatomical variations and congenital anomalies were identified in 423 of 34,445 patients (1.2%). The most common finding was an azygos lobe (0.9%), followed by hiatal hernia (0.2%), while right aortic arch, cervical rib, Chilaiditi sign, and situs inversus totalis were rare. Azygos lobe was significantly more frequent in males, whereas hiatal hernia and cervical rib were significantly more frequent in females (p<0.05). Interobserver agreement was excellent (κ=0.88; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Although infrequent, thoracic anatomical variations and congenital anomalies are not negligible in large adult populations. Systematic assessment of these entities on routine chest radiographs may help prevent misinterpretation, avoid unnecessary advanced imaging, and reduce the risk of complications during invasive procedures.
This retrospective study was approved by the Samsun University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Decision no: GOKAEK 2025/4/2). Patient identifiers were kept confidential, and all procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Respiratory Diseases |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | December 12, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | January 25, 2026 |
| Publication Date | March 12, 2026 |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1840983 |
| IZ | https://izlik.org/JA79NF79MG |
| Published in Issue | Year 2026 Volume: 9 Issue: 2 |
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