Twenty-four-hour optical response of demineralized enamel to glycerol-stabilized calcium phosphate: an in vitro fluorescence study

Elif Alkan; Ahmad Bittar; Dilek Tağtekin

doi:10.32322/jhsm.1974572

Twenty-four-hour optical response of demineralized enamel to glycerol-stabilized calcium phosphate: an in vitro fluorescence study

Abstract

Aims: To compare 24-hour changes in quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF)-derived optical outcomes in artificially demineralized human enamel treated with glycerol-stabilized calcium phosphate (GCPC) or artificial saliva. Methods: Artificial enamel lesions were produced using a calcium/phosphate/fluoride-containing acetate-buffered demineralization solution (pH 4.7) for 72 hours. Forty-two enamel blocks were allocated to GCPC or artificial saliva (n=21 per group). QLF images were obtained at baseline (T0) and 24 hours (T24). Outcomes were maximum fluorescence loss (ΔFmax), integrated fluorescence loss (ΔQ), and software-mapped lesion area. ΔFmax was analyzed with t tests; ΔQ and lesion area were analyzed with nonparametric tests. Results: Mean ΔFmax change was +3.58±1.32% with GCPC and +0.67±1.52% with artificial saliva; the between-group mean difference was 2.91 percentage points (95% confidence interval, 2.02 to 3.80; Hedges g=2.01; p<0.001). Median ΔQ change was +624 px% (+97 to +14,399) versus +75 px% (-475 to +1,236; p=0.001), and median lesion-area change was -62 px² (-1,716 to -21) versus +27 px² (-373 to +959; p=0.014). Baseline lesion area differed between groups (p=0.011). Conclusion: GCPC produced greater 24-hour QLF-derived optical changes in ΔFmax and ΔQ than artificial saliva. Lesion-area change also differed, but baseline imbalance limits interpretation. Because QLF is an indirect optical method and no complementary mineral or structural validation was performed, the findings do not establish direct mineral gain or clinical effectiveness.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Restorative Dentistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Elif Alkan
0000-0001-7167-6946
Türkiye

Ahmad Bittar ^*
0009-0009-3305-5298
Türkiye

Dilek Tağtekin
0000-0002-2675-1764
Türkiye

Publication Date

September 19, 2026

Submission Date

June 19, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 31, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 5

DOI

https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1974572

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA57RE68EF

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Alkan, E., Bittar, A., & Tağtekin, D. (2026). Twenty-four-hour optical response of demineralized enamel to glycerol-stabilized calcium phosphate: an in vitro fluorescence study. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, 9(5), 1328-1333. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1974572

AMA

1.Alkan E, Bittar A, Tağtekin D. Twenty-four-hour optical response of demineralized enamel to glycerol-stabilized calcium phosphate: an in vitro fluorescence study. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026;9(5):1328-1333. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1974572

Chicago

Alkan, Elif, Ahmad Bittar, and Dilek Tağtekin. 2026. “Twenty-Four-Hour Optical Response of Demineralized Enamel to Glycerol-Stabilized Calcium Phosphate: An in Vitro Fluorescence Study”. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 9 (5): 1328-33. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1974572.

EndNote

Alkan E, Bittar A, Tağtekin D (September 1, 2026) Twenty-four-hour optical response of demineralized enamel to glycerol-stabilized calcium phosphate: an in vitro fluorescence study. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 9 5 1328–1333.

IEEE

[1]E. Alkan, A. Bittar, and D. Tağtekin, “Twenty-four-hour optical response of demineralized enamel to glycerol-stabilized calcium phosphate: an in vitro fluorescence study”, J Health Sci Med / JHSM, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1328–1333, Sept. 2026, doi: 10.32322/jhsm.1974572.

ISNAD

Alkan, Elif - Bittar, Ahmad - Tağtekin, Dilek. “Twenty-Four-Hour Optical Response of Demineralized Enamel to Glycerol-Stabilized Calcium Phosphate: An in Vitro Fluorescence Study”. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine 9/5 (September 1, 2026): 1328-1333. https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1974572.

JAMA

1.Alkan E, Bittar A, Tağtekin D. Twenty-four-hour optical response of demineralized enamel to glycerol-stabilized calcium phosphate: an in vitro fluorescence study. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026;9:1328–1333.

MLA

Alkan, Elif, et al. “Twenty-Four-Hour Optical Response of Demineralized Enamel to Glycerol-Stabilized Calcium Phosphate: An in Vitro Fluorescence Study”. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine, vol. 9, no. 5, Sept. 2026, pp. 1328-33, doi:10.32322/jhsm.1974572.

Vancouver

1.Elif Alkan, Ahmad Bittar, Dilek Tağtekin. Twenty-four-hour optical response of demineralized enamel to glycerol-stabilized calcium phosphate: an in vitro fluorescence study. J Health Sci Med / JHSM. 2026 Sep. 1;9(5):1328-33. doi:10.32322/jhsm.1974572