Research Article
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Comparative analysis of AIs: a stylistic experiment with paintings of Ai Weiwei, Nuri Iyem and Jacob Lawrence

Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 161 - 173, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13765641

Abstract

The aim of this research structured with Case Study is to discuss the ability of artificial intelligence to imitate the stylistic features of artists. It is desired to examine the ability of Artificial Intelligence, which creates a certain area of influence in the field of art, to carry style on the way to becoming an artist. Depending on this purpose; At what level is the artistic reflection skill of Artificial Intelligence? Can Artificial Intelligence imitate style? How can this situation be evaluated from an artistic point of view? questions were discussed.
The research consists of two stages: introducing the artist to the artificial intelligence through the paid version and creating a painting and creating a work directly through the free versions. The free versions were created with ‘ChatGPT 4.0’ and ‘Davinci’, ‘Craiyon’ and ‘Gencraft’ artificial intelligence programmes with the same text by changing only the artist name. Different variations for each artist are presented together in the text. The theme of migration was tried to be transformed into visuals reflecting the stylistic characteristics of the artists. Thus, in the research, the ability of artificial intelligence to imitate the stylistic features of artists was investigated.
The results show that artificial intelligence can partially imitate stylistic features in terms of colour, figure and composition. However, while doing this, it interprets the works and artists with more recognition better. In the resulting images; anatomical problems in figure depictions, composition and technical problems were observed. Since no detailed experiments were carried out between paid and free versions during the process, no major differences were detected. However, it has been observed that the current artificial intelligence infrastructure is not very compatible with the idea that artists can take away their professions. Nevertheless, the future status of artificial intelligence, which has a developing structure, may pose a question on the idea.

Ethical Statement

This research does not require any ethical approval.

References

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  • Göde, F. (2022, December). Yapay zekâ sanat yapabilir mi? : Aristotelesçi bir yorum (Can artificial intelligence make art? : An Aristotelian interpretation) [Bildiri sunumu/Conference paper]. Çankırı Karatekin University philosophy department I. graduate philosophy congress. https://felsefekongresi.karatekin.edu.tr/tr/i-lisansustu-felsefe-kongresi-metinleri--24460-sayfasi.karatekin
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  • Hertzmann, A. (2020). Computers do not make art, people do. Communications of the ACM, 63(5), 45-48.
  • Hong, J. W., & Curran, N. M. (2019). Artificial intelligence, artists, and art: attitudes toward artwork produced by humans vs. artificial intelligence. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM), 15(2s), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3326337
  • İyem, N. (2024, Temmuz 20). Göç (Migrate) [Fotoğraf/Photo]. Nuri İyem. http://www.nuriiyem.com/eser/s1137-007/
  • Kedmey, K. (2021, July 26). Jacob Lawrence American, 1917–2000. MoMA. https://www.moma.org/artists/3418
  • Morgan, D. (2024, March 8). 11 best online AI art generators in 2024. Cyberlink. https://www.cyberlink.com/blog/photo-editing-best-software/2225/best-ai-art-generators#:~:text=DreamStudio%20is%20one%20of%20the,of%20the%20AI%20model%20used
  • Nemett, B. (2015, Jully 18). Mud Above Sky Below: Love and Death in Jacob Lawrence’s ‘Migration Series’. Hyperallergic. https://hyperallergic.com/222070/mud-above-sky-below-love-and-death-in-jacob-lawrences-migration-series/
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. SAGE Publishing.
  • Pheby, C. (2023, May 31). Half of Americans think AI art will be used to spread fake news. YouGov. https://business.yougov.com/content/45765-half-americans-think-ai-art-will-be-used-spread-fa
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  • Şenel, E. (2022). Romare Bearden’ın kolaj eserlerinde kültürel deneyimin izini sürmek (Tracing cultural experience in romare bearden's collage works). Art-e Art Journal, 15(30), 851-870. https://doi.org/10.21602/sduarte.1176899
  • Tegmark, M. (2019). Yaşam 3.0 yapay zekâ çağında insan olmak (Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence) (Trans. E. C. Göksoy). İstanbul: Pegasus Press.
  • Uyar, S. (2023). An activist artist in the face of refugee crisis: Al Weiwei. Urban Academy, 16(3), 1946-1961. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1163837
  • Weiwei, A. (2020, April 15). Güçlü kalmalıyız. Sanatın herzaman kazandığına inanmalıyız (We have to stay strong. We have to believe art always wins). RA. https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/article/artists-in-isolation-ai-weiwei
  • Yener, E. (2022). Nuri İyem tuvallerinde toplumsal gerçekçilik ve Anadolu kadını (Social realism and anatolian woman in Nuri Iyem canvas). Social Sciences Studies Journal, 6(66), 3235-3249.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri (Qualitative research methods) (11. Ed.). Seçkin Press.
Year 2024, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 161 - 173, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13765641

Abstract

References

  • Amirkhani, J. (2016, November 10). Between citizenry and privilege: Ai Weiwei and Bouchra Khalili. Artpractical. https://www.artpractical.com/feature/betweencitizenry-and-privilege
  • Arısoy, D., & Kayahan, Z. (2022). Monobaskı üzerine bir uygulama örneği (Monobaskı üzerine bir uygulama örneği). Social Mentality and Researcher Thinkers Journal (Smart Journal), 8(62), 1528-1535.
  • Atiker, Ş. E. (2024). Güzel sanatlar ekseninde sorumlu yapay zekâ: Potansiyel riskler ve etik boyutlar (Responsible Artificial Intelligence in the axis of fine Arts: Potential Risks and Ethical Dimensions). REFLEKTİF Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 129–137. https://doi.org/10.47613/reflektif.2024.149
  • Baker, H. (2015, September 14). Ai Weiwei: 13 works to know. RA. https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/article/ai-weiwei-13-works-to-know
  • Bellaiche, L., Shahi, R., Turpin, M. H., Ragnhildstveit, A., Sprockett, S., Barr, N., ... & Seli, P. (2023). Humans versus AI: whether and why we prefer human-created compared to AI-created artwork. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 8(1), 42.
  • Bender, M. T. (2010). Nuri İyem'in resimlerinde göz (The eye in Nuri Iyem's paintings). Yedi, (2), 47-50.
  • Chatterjee, A. (2014). The aesthetic brain: How we evolved to desire beauty and enjoy art. Oxford University Press.
  • Christie’s. (2018, December 12). Is artificial intelligence set to become art’s next medium? Christie’s. https://www.christies.com/en/stories/a-collaboration-between-two-artists-one-human-one-a-machine-0cd01f4e232f4279a525a446d60d4cd1
  • Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2018). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research. SAGE
  • Dinçer, G. C., &, Sevinin E. (2019, March 30). Göç ve mültecilik, eylemci araştırma ve konumun politikası–ıı, sorun göç değil, devlet (Migration and refugees, activist research and the politics of location - the problem is not migration but the state) [Fotoğraf/Photo]. 1+1 Express. https://birartibir.org/sorun-goc-degil-devlet/
  • Elgammal, A., Liu, B., Elhoseiny, M., & Mazzone, M. (2017). Can: Creative adversarial networks, generating" art" by learning about styles and deviating from style norms. arXiv preprint arXiv:1706.07068. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1706.07068
  • Elmaleh, E. (2007). Jacob Lawrence’s Migration series: a pictorial memory of black America. Revue LISA/LISA e-journal. Littératures, Histoire des Idées, Images, Sociétés du Monde Anglophone–Literature, History of Ideas, Images and Societies of the English-speaking World, 5(1), 180-195. https://doi.org/10.4000/lisa.2016
  • Gangadharbatla, H. (2022). The role of AI attribution knowledge in the evaluation of artwork. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 40(2), 125-142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0276237421994697
  • Gatys, L. A., Ecker, A. S., & Bethge, M. (2016). Image style transfer using convolutional neural networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 2414-2423).
  • Göde, F. (2022, December). Yapay zekâ sanat yapabilir mi? : Aristotelesçi bir yorum (Can artificial intelligence make art? : An Aristotelian interpretation) [Bildiri sunumu/Conference paper]. Çankırı Karatekin University philosophy department I. graduate philosophy congress. https://felsefekongresi.karatekin.edu.tr/tr/i-lisansustu-felsefe-kongresi-metinleri--24460-sayfasi.karatekin
  • Guggenheim, B. (2024, July 20). Dropping a Han Dynasty Urn [Fotoğraf/Photo]. Guggenheim Bilbao. https://www.guggenheim-bilbao.eus/en/learn/schools/teachers-guides/ai-weiwei-dropping-han-dynasty-urn-1995
  • Guggnenheim, B. (2024, July 25). Ai Weiwei, dropping a Han Dynasty urn, 1995. Guggenheim Bilbao. https://www.guggenheim-bilbao.eus/en/learn/schools/teachers-guides/ai-weiwei-dropping-han-dynasty-urn-1995
  • Guinness, H. (2023, July 9). The top AI art generators in 2024. Zapier. https://zapier.com/blog/ai-art-generator/
  • Hertzmann, A. (2020). Computers do not make art, people do. Communications of the ACM, 63(5), 45-48.
  • Hong, J. W., & Curran, N. M. (2019). Artificial intelligence, artists, and art: attitudes toward artwork produced by humans vs. artificial intelligence. ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMM), 15(2s), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1145/3326337
  • İyem, N. (2024, Temmuz 20). Göç (Migrate) [Fotoğraf/Photo]. Nuri İyem. http://www.nuriiyem.com/eser/s1137-007/
  • Kedmey, K. (2021, July 26). Jacob Lawrence American, 1917–2000. MoMA. https://www.moma.org/artists/3418
  • Morgan, D. (2024, March 8). 11 best online AI art generators in 2024. Cyberlink. https://www.cyberlink.com/blog/photo-editing-best-software/2225/best-ai-art-generators#:~:text=DreamStudio%20is%20one%20of%20the,of%20the%20AI%20model%20used
  • Nemett, B. (2015, Jully 18). Mud Above Sky Below: Love and Death in Jacob Lawrence’s ‘Migration Series’. Hyperallergic. https://hyperallergic.com/222070/mud-above-sky-below-love-and-death-in-jacob-lawrences-migration-series/
  • Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. SAGE Publishing.
  • Pheby, C. (2023, May 31). Half of Americans think AI art will be used to spread fake news. YouGov. https://business.yougov.com/content/45765-half-americans-think-ai-art-will-be-used-spread-fa
  • Playform. (2024, Haziran 26). The new sketchbook: Playform conducts first sizable survey into AI art practices. Playform. https://www.playform.io/editorial/survey
  • Şenel, E. (2022). Romare Bearden’ın kolaj eserlerinde kültürel deneyimin izini sürmek (Tracing cultural experience in romare bearden's collage works). Art-e Art Journal, 15(30), 851-870. https://doi.org/10.21602/sduarte.1176899
  • Tegmark, M. (2019). Yaşam 3.0 yapay zekâ çağında insan olmak (Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence) (Trans. E. C. Göksoy). İstanbul: Pegasus Press.
  • Uyar, S. (2023). An activist artist in the face of refugee crisis: Al Weiwei. Urban Academy, 16(3), 1946-1961. https://doi.org/10.35674/kent.1163837
  • Weiwei, A. (2020, April 15). Güçlü kalmalıyız. Sanatın herzaman kazandığına inanmalıyız (We have to stay strong. We have to believe art always wins). RA. https://www.royalacademy.org.uk/article/artists-in-isolation-ai-weiwei
  • Yener, E. (2022). Nuri İyem tuvallerinde toplumsal gerçekçilik ve Anadolu kadını (Social realism and anatolian woman in Nuri Iyem canvas). Social Sciences Studies Journal, 6(66), 3235-3249.
  • Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Nitel araştırma yöntemleri (Qualitative research methods) (11. Ed.). Seçkin Press.
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Photography, Video and Lens-Based Practice, Visual Arts (Other)
Journal Section AI, Metaverse and Advanced Technologies in Art
Authors

Ünal Bastaban 0000-0003-1172-8374

Savaş Sarıhan 0000-0003-4346-0077

Early Pub Date September 15, 2024
Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date July 29, 2024
Acceptance Date September 11, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Bastaban, Ü., & Sarıhan, S. (2024). Comparative analysis of AIs: a stylistic experiment with paintings of Ai Weiwei, Nuri Iyem and Jacob Lawrence. Journal for the Interdisciplinary Art and Education, 5(3), 161-173. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13765641

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