TRICEPS DIPS EGZERSİZİ ÖNCESİ YAPILAN FARKLI ISINMA PROTOKOLLERİNİN ÇALIŞMA SIRASINDA ELDE EDİLEN KAS ELEKTRİKSEL AKTİVİTESİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 25 - 35, 01.12.2016

Hasan Sözen Fabio Esposıto

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı, kuvvet antrenmanından hemen önce yapılan bölgesel ısınma protokollerinin kasılma sırasında kas elektriksel aktivitelerine etkilerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla çalışmaya aktif kırk dört sağlıklı gönüllü (22 kadın yaş: 19.9 yıl ±1.7, ağırlık: 54.1 kg ±8.2, uzunluk: 165.3 cm ±6.3; 22 erkek yaş: 20.7 yıl ±1.7, ağırlık: 68.4 kg ±10.1, uzunluk: 173.2 cm ±6.11) katılmıştır. Çalışmada kuvvet antrenman modeli olarak 3 set 10 tekrarlı triceps dips hareketi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma takvimi 5 gün olarak belirlenmiş ve ilk gün katılımcıların triceps dips hareketi sırasında maksimum izometrik istemli kasılma (MVIC) değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Bu değer diğer değişkenlerden elde edilecek olan değerlerin normalizasyonu için önemlidir. Diğer günlerde ise rasgele yöntemle pasif (ısınma yok) ve 5 dakikalık eliptik bisiklet, açma-germe ve masaj ısınma protokolleri antrenmanın hemen öncesinde uygulanmıştır. 3 set 10 tekrarlı triceps dips hareketi sırasında her set katılımcıların baskın kolunun tripecs kasından elektromyografi (EMG) kullanılarak kasın elektriksel aktiviteleri kayıt altına alınmıştır. İstatistiksel değerlendirme için elde edilen üç setlik değerlerin ortalamaları kullanılmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz için ANOVA testi ve bağımsız değişkenler t-testi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda ısınma protokollerinin egzersiz anındaki kas elektriksel aktivasyonunda bir fark yaratmadığı bulunmuştur (p>0.05). Fakat ısınma protokollerinin cinsiyetler arası farklılıkları incelendiğinde ise pasif, açma-germe ve masaj ısınma protokollerinden sonra egzersiz anındaki kas elektriksel aktivasyonlarında kadın katılımcıların istatistiksel olarak daha fazla kas elektriksel aktivasyona sahip oldukları (p0.05). Çalışmanın sonunda karma egzersizlerin yada korfbol gibi karma spor branşları öncesinde daha yoğun ve aktif ısınma protokollerinin egzersiz anındaki kas elektriksel aktivasyonundaki cinsiyetler arası farkın ortadan kaldırılmasını desteklediği düşünülebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Isınma, triceps dips hareketi, eliptik bisiklet, masaj, açma-germe, kuvvet, EMG.

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF WARM-UP PROTOCOLS BEFORE TRICEPS DIPS EXERCISE ON MUSCLE ELECTRICAL ACTIVATION DURING THE TRAINING

Öz

This study is to investigate the effects on regional warm-up protocols right before the strength workout on muscle electrical activities during the contraction. For this purpose, 44 healthy volunteers are included (22 female age: 19.9 yrs ±1.7, weight: 54.1 ±8.2, height: 165.3 ±6.3; 22 male age: 20.7 yrs ±1.7, weight: 68.4 ±10.1, height: 173.2 ±6.11). As strength workout method, 3 sets 10 repetitive triceps dips movement was used. Work schedule was decided to be 5 days, and on the first day, maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) of participants during triceps dips movement was determined. This value is important in normalizing the values obtained from other variables. On the other days, passive (no warm-up), 5 minutes of elliptical trainer, static stretching and massage warm-up protocols were randomly applied just before the training. During the 3 sets and 10 repetitive triceps dips movement, electoral activities of the muscle were recorded after every one of the sets by using electromyography (EMG) of triceps muscle of the participant’s dominant arm. For the statistical evaluation, average of the values from 3 sets was used. For statistical analyzes, ANOVA test and independent samples t-test were used. As a result, it was found that warm-up protocols make no difference in muscle electrical activation (p>0.05). But when it comes to the difference of warm-up protocols in genders, it has been found that female participants have more muscle electrical activation during the exercises after passive, stretching and massage warm-up protocols (p0.05). As a result of the study, it is thought that mixed exercises or more intensive and active warming protocols before the mixed sports like korfball support the wipeout the difference between genders in muscle electrical activation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

warm-up, triceps dips, elliptical trainer, massage, static stretching, strength, EMG

Kaynakça

• Bandy WD., Irion. (1994). The effect of time on static stretch on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. Phys. Ther. 74:845-850; discussion 850-852.
• Bandy WD., Irion JM., Briggler M. (1998). The effect of static stretch and dynamic range of motion training on the flexibility of the hamstring muscles. J. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther. 27:295-300.
• Bishop D. (2003). Wram up I. potential mechanisms and the effects of passive warm up on exercise performance. Sports Med, 33:439-454.
• Church JB., Wiggins MS., Moode FM., Crist R. (2001). Effect of warm-up and flexibility treatments on vertical jump performance. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 15(3): 332-336.
• Cook TM., Neumann DA. (1987). The effects of load placement on the EMG activity of the low back muscle during load carrying by men and women. Journal of Ergonomics, 30(10): 1413-1423.
• Dalleck, LC., Kravitz, L., Robergs, RA., (2004). Maximal exercise testing using the elliptical cross- trainer and treadmill, Journal of Exercise Physiology, 7:1097-9751.
• Egana, M., Donne, B. (2004) Physiological changes following a 12 week gym based stair climbing, elliptical trainer and treadmill running program in females. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 44:141-146.
• Fletcher IM., Jones B. (2004). The effect of different warm-up stretch protocols on 20 meter sprint performance in trained rugby union players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(4):885-888.
• Ford KR., Myer GD., Hewett TE. (2003). Valgus knee motion during landing in high school female and male basketball players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35:1745-1750.
• Freriks B., Hermens HJ. (1999). SENIAM9: European recommendations for surface electromyography. ISBN: 90-75452-14-4 (CD-rom). Roessingh Research and Development by.
• Gray S., Nimmo MA. (2001). Effects of active, passive or no warms-up on metabolism and performance furing high-intensity exercise. Journal of Sports Sciences, 19:693-700.
• Green, JM., Crews, TR., Pritchett, RC., Mathfield C. and Hall, L. (2004). Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion during treadmill and elliptical exercise training. Perceptual and Motor Skills 98, 340-348.
• Hewett TE., Myer GD., Ford KR. (2004). Neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict ACL injury risk in female athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36(5):287.
• Hough PA., Ross EZ., Howatson G. (2009). Effects of dynamic and static stretching on vertical jump performance and electromyographic activity. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Reserach, 23(2):507-512.
• İpek D., Özkaya Ö., Sözen H., Tekat A. (2009). Pasif germe hareketlerinin sedanterlerde oluşturulan gecikmiş kas ağrısı üzerine etkileri. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, VII (1): 37-40.
• Katirji B. (2007). Electromyography in Clinical Practice a Case Study Approach. Secind edition, Mosby Elsevier, PA, USA.
• Knutzen, KM., Lawson, A., Brilla, L., Chalmers, G. (2007). Pedal reaction forces during exercise on the elliptical trainer. 2007 AAHPERD National Convention and Exposition,296, Baltimore, MD.
• Lu T.W., Chien, H.L., Chen, H.L. (2007). Joint loading in the lower extremities during elliptical exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 39(9):1651-1658.
• Masso N., Rey F., Romero D., Gual G., Costa L., German A. (2010). Surface electromyography applications in the sport. Apunts Med Esport, 45(165): 121-130.
• McArdle WD., Katch FI., Katch VI. (1991). Exrcise Physiology, 3rd ed., Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.
• Mier, C.M., Feito, Y. (2006). Metabolic cost of stride rate, resistance, and combined use of arms and legs on the elliptical trainer. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 77(4):507-513.
• Mohr KJ., Pink MM., Elsner C., Kvitne RS. (1998). Electromyographic investigation of stretching: The effect of warm-up. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 8:215-220.
• Morimoto S., Umazume SY., Masuda M. (1980). Properties of spike potentials detected by surface electrode in intact human muscle. Japan Journal of Physiology, 30:71-80.
• Myer GD., Ford KR., Hewett TE. (2005). The effects of gender on quadriceps muscle activation strategies during a maneuver that mimics a high ACL injury risk position. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 15:181-189.
• Norris C. (1999). The Complete Guide to Stretching. London: A & C Black.
• Smith CA. (1994). The warm-up procedure: To stretch or not to stretch. A brief review. Journal of Orthopedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 19(1):12-18.
• Soderberg GL., Cook TM. (1984). Electromyography in biomechanics. Phys Ther, 64:1813-1820.
• Sotiropoulos K., Smilios I., Christou M., Barzouka K., Spaias A., Douda H., Tokmakidis SP. (2010). Effects of warms-up on vertical jump performance and muscle electrical activity using harlf- squats at low and moderate intensity. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 9:326-331.
• Sözen H., Özkaya Ö., Tekat A. (2008). The effects of massage applications on delayed onset muscle soreness composed on sedentaies. Performance, 14(3-4): 23-27.
• Sözen H. (2010). Comparison of muscle activation during elliptical trainer, treadmill and bike exercise. Biology of Sport, 27(3): 203-206.
• Stewart D., Macaluso A., De Vito G. (2003). The effect of an active warm-up on surface EMG and muscle performance in healthy humans. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 89:509-513.
• Stoppani J. ( 2006). Encyclopedia of Muscle & Strength. Human Kitetics. p. 3, IL, USA.
• Tesch PA., Komi PV., Jacobs I., Karlsson J., Viitasalo JT. (1983). Influence of lactate accumulation on EMG frequency spectrum during repeated concentric contractions. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 119:61-67.
• Türker H., Sözen H. (2013). Surface Electromyography in Sports and Exercise, Electrodiagnosis in New Frontiers of Clinical Research, Türker H. (Ed.), ISBN: 978-953-51-1118-4, InTech, DOI: 10.5772/56167.
• Wallmann HW., Mercer JA., McWhorter JW. (2005). Surface electromyographic assessment of the effect of static stretching of the gastrocnemius on vertical jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(3):684-688.
• Warren BY., David GB. (2002). Should static stretching be used during a warm-up for strength and power activities? National Strength & Conditioning Associaition, 24(6): 33-37.
• Weiss L., Silver JK., Weiss J. (2004). Easy EMG. First edition, Butterworth Heinemann, London.
• Vilarroya A., Marco MC., Moros T. (1997). Electromiografia cinesiologica. Rehabilitacion, 31:230- 236.
• Young W., Elliot S. (2001). Acute effects of static stretching, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching and maximum voluntary contractions on explosive force production and jumping performance. Res. Q. Exerc. Sports, 3:273-279. Ordu Üniversitesi,