Dakka Şehrinde Yoğun ve Yoğun Olmayan Saatlerde Trafikten Kaynaklanan Gürültü Kirliliği Çalışması

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 43 - 53, 30.12.2020

Riyadul Hashem Riyad , Al Amin , Milan Mazumder

Öz

Gürültü, insan üzerinde fizyolojik ve psikolojik etkileri olan bir durumdur. Birçok yerleşim yerinde büyük bir çevre ve sağlık tehlikesi oluşturur. Farklı türde gürültü kaynakları vardır. Özellikle şehirlerin merkezlerinde ve Dakka şehrindeki trafik gürültüsü son derece etkilidir. Bu durumun önemi, Bangladeş gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, sorun yavaş yavaş büyüyene kadar net olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Günümüzde gürültü kirliliğinin insan sağlığı üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak için farklı çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Dakka şehrindeki trafik gürültüsü sorununu çözmek ve azaltmak için olası seçenekleri araştırmaktır. Gürültü haritaları bu seçeneklerden birisidir. Bu haritalar, en yoğun (09.00 -11.00) ve yoğun olmayan (12.00-15.00) saatlerin belirli bir alan ve periyodu boyunca, arka plan seviyesi dağılımının kartografik bir temsilidir. Ana yolda ölçülen minimum ve maksimum gürültü yoğunluğu, en yoğun saatlerde 78,1 dB ve 119,7 dB, yoğun olmayan saatlerde ise 57,4 dB ve 89,3 dB'dir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gürültü kirliliği, Pik saat, Pik olmayan saat, Binek Araç Eşdeğeri (PCU), Desibel (dB)

A Study of Noise Pollution by Traffic during Peak and Off Peak Hour in Dhaka City

Öz

Noise may be a phenomenon that has physiological and psychological effects on human. It’s a big environmental as well as health hazards in many suburbs. There are different sorts of noise sources. Traffic noise is extremely effective within the center of cities especially in Dhaka city. This phenomenon has not been properly acquainted until it's gradually growing in developing countries like Bangladesh. Now a day there are different studies to decrease the negative aspects of noise pollution on health of human being. The aim of this research is to work out the traffic noise in Dhaka city and to research possible solutions to scale back the traffic noise. Noise maps are one among these studies. These maps are a cartographic representation of the background level distribution during a determined area and period of your time peak (09.00 -11.00) and off peak (12.00-15.00) hour. The minimum and maximum noise density measured at the main road is 78.1 dB and 119.7 dB respectively in peak hour and 57.4 dB and 89.3 dB respectively in off peak hour.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Noise pollution, Peak hour, Off peak hour, Passenger Car Unit (PCU), Decibel (dB)

Kaynakça

• Ahmed, K. (1998). A study of noise pollution in Dhaka City. Department of Environment (DOE), Bangladesh.
• Alam, M. J. B., Rauf, A. F. M. A. and Ahmed, M. F. (2001). Traffic induced noise pollution in Dhaka city, Journal of Civil Engineering, IEB, Bangladesh, 29(1), 55-63.
• Bangladesh Environmental Management Project (BEMP). (2005a). The Dhaka Environment Programme: A One Generation Strategy to Save the City from Environmental Catastrophe. Report for Ministry of Environment and Forests and CIDA.
• Haq, M. A., Islam, M. M., Ali, M. S., Haque, M. F., & Akhand, M. M. R. (2012). Status of noise pollution in mixed areas of Dhaka city: a GIS approach. Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, 5(1), 09-17.
• Bond, M. (November, 1996). Plagued by noise. New Scientist, 152 (2056), 14-15.
• Chowdhury, S. C., Razzaque, M. M., Helali, M. M. and Bodén, H. (2010). Assessment of noise pollution in Dhaka city. 17th International Congress on Sound and Vibration (ICSV 17), Cairo, Egypt.
• Dey, A. R. and Kabir, N. (2006). Noise pollution: Devastated life and suggested action, Work for a Better Bangladesh and The Univ. of Asia Pacific, Dhaka.
• Dey, A. R., Kabir, N. and Effroymson, D. (2004). Noise pollution in Dhaka: current situation and suggestions for action. Work for a better Bangladesh, Dhaka.
• G. H. Pandya. (2003). Assessment of traffic noise and its impact on the community – case study of Surat city, India. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 60(6), 595–602.
• Murthy, V. K., Majumder, A. K., Khanal, S. N., & Subedi, D. P. (2007). Assessment of traffic noise pollution in Banepa, a semi urban town of Nepal. Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology, 3(2), 12-20.
• Golmohammadi, R., Abbaspour, M., Nassiri, P., and Mahjub, H. (2007). Road traffic noise model. Journal of research in health sciences, 7(1), 13-17.
• Kiernan, V. (May, 1997). Noise pollution robs kids of language skills. New Scientist, 154(2081), 5.
• Mohammadi, G. (1998). An Investigation of Community Response to Urban Traffic Noise. Iran Journal of Environmental Health Science, 2(4), 229-236.
• Singh, N. and Davar, S. C. (2004). Noise pollution-sources, effects and control, Journal of Human Ecology, 16(3), 181-187. doi: 10.1080/09709274.2004.119057