Evaluation of the Combined Effects of Long-Term Aging And Moisture Damage on the Performance of Asphalt Mixture Incorporating Warm Mix Additive

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 77 - 95, 31.12.2022

Teh Sek Yee Tan Shin Ru Meor Othman Hamzah Seyed Reza Omranian Mohd. Rosli Hainin

Öz

Infiltration of moisture into the Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) mixture is one of the primary factors that potentially compromises pavement structural integrity. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a warm mix additive as an antistripping agent in WMA. In this study, to simulate field environmental conditions in the laboratory, asphalt mixture specimens were first exposed to long-term aging and moisture damage (simultaneously). Different aspects of WMA and Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) performance including compactability, workability, tensile and shear strengths were then studied and compared. A 3D image analysis was performed to precisely quantify the percentage of failure contributed by adhesion on the fractured surface of the tested specimens. The test results showed that WMA samples were not only more workable and compactable compared to HMA but also exhibited superior resistance toward moisture damage over HMA even after experiencing severe moisture conditioning. Such trend was also observed based on higher strength and lower adhesion failure of WMA compared to HMA, regardless of test type. The tensile and shear stresses results indicated that utilization of cubical aggregates in asphalt mixtures can improve mixture performance. Moreover, the 3D image analysis results showed that the cubical aggregates utilized to prepare modified WMA exhibited lower adhesion failure which could be correlated to the effectiveness of the WMA additive.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Warm mix additive, Cubical aggregates, Moisture conditioning, Long-term aging, Imaging technique

Teşekkür

The authors would like to acknowledge the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education for funding this research through the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme FRGS/2/2013/TK07/USM/01/1 which enables this paper to be written.

Ilık Karışım Katkısı Katılan Asfalt Karışımının Performansına Uzun Süreli Yaşlanma ve Nem Zararının Birleştirilmiş Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Ilık Karışım Asfalt (WMA) karışımına nemin sızması, kaplamanın yapısal bütünlüğünü potansiyel olarak tehlikeye atan birincil faktörlerden biridir. Bu makale, ılık karışım katkı maddesinin WMA'da soyulma önleyici bir madde olarak etkinliğini değerlendirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, laboratuvarda saha ortam koşullarını simüle etmek için, asfalt karışım numuneleri önce uzun süreli yaşlanma ve nem hasarına (eşzamanlı olarak) maruz bırakılmıştır. Daha sonra sıkıştırılabilirlik, işlenebilirlik, çekme ve kesme dayanımları dahil olmak üzere WMA ve Sıcak Karışım Asfalt (HMA) performansının farklı yönleri incelendi ve karşılaştırıldı. Test edilen numunelerin kırık yüzeyindeki yapışmanın neden olduğu bozulma yüzdesini kesin olarak ölçmek için bir 3D görüntü analizi yapıldı. Test sonuçları, WMA numunelerinin HMA'ya kıyasla yalnızca daha fazla işlenebilir ve sıkıştırılabilir olduğunu değil, aynı zamanda şiddetli nem koşullandırmasına maruz kaldıktan sonra bile HMA'ya göre nem hasarına karşı üstün direnç sergilediğini gösterdi. Bu eğilim, test türünden bağımsız olarak, HMA'ya kıyasla WMA'nın daha yüksek mukavemeti ve daha düşük yapışma bozulmasına dayalı olarak da gözlendi. Çekme ve kayma gerilmeleri sonuçları, asfalt karışımlarda kübik agrega kullanımının karışım performansını iyileştirebileceğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca, 3D görüntü analizi sonuçları, modifiye WMA'yı hazırlamak için kullanılan kübik agregaların, WMA katkı maddesinin etkinliği ile ilişkilendirilebilecek daha düşük yapışma bozulması sergilediğini gösterdi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ilık karışım katkı maddesi, Kübik agregalar, Nem şartlandırması, Uzun süreli yaşlandırma, Görüntüleme tekniği

Kaynakça

• AASHTO (2014). AASHTO T 164, Standard Method of Test for Quantitative Extraction of Asphalt Binder from Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials, Washington D.C.
• AASHTO (2016). AASHTO TP 124, Standard Method of Test for Determining the Fracture Potential of Asphalt Mixtures using Semi-Circular Bend Geometry (SCB) at Intermediate Temperature, American Association of State and Highway Transportation Officials, Washington D. C.
• Arefin, M. S., Quasem, T., Nazzal, M., Abbas, A. R., and AbuHassan, Y. (2018). Effect of Short-term and Long-term Ageing on Dynamic Modulus of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 1-13.
• ASTM (2006). ASTM D4867, Standard Test Method for Effect of Moisture on Asphalt Concrete Paving Mixtures, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
• Bairgi, B. K., Tarefder, R. A., and Ahmed, M. U. (2018). Long-term Rutting and Stripping Characteristics of Foamed Warm-Mix Asphalt (WMA) through Laboratory and Field Investigation. Construction and Building Materials, 170, 790-800.
• Barraj, F., Khatib, J., Castro, A., and Elkordi, A. (2022). Effect of Chemical Warm Mix Additive on the Properties and Mechanical Performance of Recycled Asphalt Mixtures. Buildings, 12(7), 874.
• Bell, C.A., AbWahab, Y., Cristi, M.E. and Sosnovske, D. (1994). Selection of Laboratory Aging Procedures for Asphalt-Aggregate Mixtures, Strategic Highway Research Program, Report No. SHRP-A-383, Washington, D.C.
• Bennert, T., Reinke, G., Mogawer, W., and Mooney, K. (2010). Assessment of workability and compactability of warm-mix asphalt. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2180), 36-47.
• Cabrera, J. G. (1991). Assessment of the Workability of Bituminous Mixtures. Highways and Transportation, 38(11).
• Copeland, A., Youtcheff, J. and Shenoy, A. (2007). Moisture Sensitivity of Modified Asphalt Binders: Factors Influencing Bond Strength, Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 1998, No. 1, pp. 18-28.
• Dessouky, S., Pothuganti, A., Walubita, L. F. and Rand, D. (2012). Laboratory Evaluation of the Workability and Compactability of Asphaltic Materials Prior to Road Construction. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 25(6), 810-818.
• Hamzah, M. O., Omranian, S. R., and Golchin, B. (2015). A Review on the Effects of Aging on Properties of Asphalt Binders and Mixtures. Caspian Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 4(6).
• Hamzah, M.O., Lo, S.S., You, Z., Hasan, M.M. and Abdullah, N.H. (2014). Effects of Geometrically Cubical Shaped Aggregate on the Engineering Properties of Porous Asphalt. Sains Malaysiana, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 303-312.
• Hamzah, M.O., Puzi, M.A.A. and Azizli, K.A.M. (2010). Properties of Geometrically Cubical Aggregates and Its Mixture Design. IJRRAS, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 249-256.
• Hicks, R.G. (1991). Moisture Damage in Asphalt Concrete, NCHRP Synthesis 175, Transportation Research Board. Nasional Research Council, Washington, D.C.
• Isacsson, U., and Zeng, H. (1998). Cracking of Asphalt at Low Temperature as related to Bitumen Rheology. Journal of Materials Science, 33(8), 2165-2170.
• Izadi, A., Motamedi, M., Alimi, R., and Nafar, M. (2018). Effect of Aging Conditions on the Fatigue Behavior of Hot and Warm Mix Asphalt. Construction and Building Materials, 188, 119-129.
• JKR (2008). Standard Specification for Road Works, Section 4: Flexible Pavement, Jabatan Kerja Raya, Kuala Lumpur.
• Kuan, K.P. (2017). Evaluation of Moisture Sensitivity of Asphalt Mixtures Incorporating Different Anti-Stripping Additives Subjected to Various Conditioning Methods. Undergraduate Thesis, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Penang.
• Mahmoud, A.F.F., and Bahia, H., (2004). Using the Gyratory Compactor to Measure Mechanical Stability of Asphalt Mixtures. WHRP 05-02. University of Wisconsin, Madison.
• Menapace, I., Masad, E., Bhasin, A., and Little, D. (2015). Microstructural Properties of Warm Mix Asphalt before and after Laboratory-simulated Long-term Ageing. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 16(sup1), 2-20.
• Omranian, S. R., Hamzah, M. O., and Hasan, M. R. M. (2017). Introducing New Indicators to Evaluate Fracture Properties of Asphalt Mixtures Using Semicircular Bending Test. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 1-9.
• Omranian, S. R., Hamzah, M. O., Gungat, L., and Teh, S. Y. (2018b). Evaluation of asphalt mixture behavior incorporating warm mix additives and reclaimed asphalt pavement. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition).
• Omranian, S. R., Hamzah, M. O., Valentin, J., and Hasan, M. R. M. (2018a). Determination of optimal mix from the standpoint of short term aging based on asphalt mixture fracture properties using response surface method. Construction and Building Materials, 179, 35-48.
• Rohith, N. and Ranjitha, J. (2013). A Study on Marshall Stability Properties of Warm Mix Asphalt using ZycoTherm a Chemical Additive, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ISSN, pp. 2278-0181.
• Sharanappanavar, M.S. (2013). Study on Behavior of Warm Mix Asphalt Using ZycoTherm. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), ISSN 2319-7064, pp. 2319-7064.
• Sudarsanan, N., Karpurapu, R., and Amrithalingam, V. (2018). An Investigation on the Interface Bond Strength of Geosynthetic-reinforced Asphalt Concrete Using Leutner Shear Test. Construction and Building Materials, 186, 423-437.
• Teh, S. Y., and Hamzah, M. O. (2019). Asphalt Mixture Workability and Effects of Long-term Conditioning Methods on Moisture Damage Susceptibility and Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt. Construction and Building Materials, 207, 316-328.
• Valentová, T., Altman, J., and Valentin, J. (2016). Impact of Asphalt Ageing on the Activity of Adhesion Promoters and the Moisture Susceptibility [online]. Transportation Research Procedia., 0(14), pp. 768-777. ISSN 2352-1465. Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352146516300667
• Wen, H., Wu, S., Mohammad, L. N., Zhang, W., Shen, S., and Faheem, A. (2016). Long-term Field Rutting and Moisture Susceptibility Performance of Warm-Mix Asphalt Pavement. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, (2575), 103-112.
• Yang, X., You, Z., Hasan, M. R. M., Diab, A., Shao, H., Chen, S., and Ge, D. (2017). Environmental and Mechanical Performance of Crumb Rubber Modified Warm Mix Asphalt Using Evotherm. Journal of Cleaner Production, 159, 346-358.