Application of Geostatistical Techniques in Groundwater Pollution Investigation in the Upper Denkyira East and West Districts

Vıctor Oforı Agyemang

Application of Geostatistical Techniques in Groundwater Pollution Investigation in the Upper Denkyira East and West Districts

Abstract

This study involves the application of geostatistical techniques to investigate groundwater pollution. Mixed water, NaCl, CaHCO3, and CaMgSO4 are among the groundwater types found in the districts. Three processes including rock mineral dissolution, ion exchange, and the effects of anthropogenic activities are major factors influencing the chemistry and overall quality of the groundwater in the area. Component analysis revealed six components that accounted for 81.55% of the total variation. Component 1 accounted for 38.16%, component 2 for 12.10%, component 3 for 11.43%, component 4 for 7.64%, component 5 for 6.85%, and component 6 for 5.38%. Six unique clusters were identified in the cluster analysis. Application of the water quality index showed that 38% of the groundwater was excellent, 38% good, 21% poor, and 3% very poor. The groundwater is unfit for drinking without prior treatment due to its low pH, high pH, high Fe, high Mn, and high PO43- levels. The quality of groundwater is impacted by both geological processes and anthropogenic activities like improper agrochemical application, galamsey, and improper waste disposal. The study has shown that geostatistical methods are reliable for assessing groundwater quality.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No funding was received by the author

Ethical Statement

The author declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Thanks

The author is grateful to the Management of the Community Water and Sanitation Agency, Cape Coast, for making the data available for this study. The author also expresses gratitude to Priscilla Kyei Mensah (Mrs.), a graduate of the University of Ghana Business School, for her selfless assistance during this research.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

General Geology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Vıctor Oforı Agyemang ^*
Ghana

Publication Date

March 15, 2026

Submission Date

August 19, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 20, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 21 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA23KK78UX

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Oforı Agyemang, V. (2026). Application of Geostatistical Techniques in Groundwater Pollution Investigation in the Upper Denkyira East and West Districts. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, 21(1), 19-39. https://izlik.org/JA23KK78UX

AMA

1.Oforı Agyemang V. Application of Geostatistical Techniques in Groundwater Pollution Investigation in the Upper Denkyira East and West Districts. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science. 2026;21(1):19-39. https://izlik.org/JA23KK78UX

Chicago

Oforı Agyemang, Vıctor. 2026. “Application of Geostatistical Techniques in Groundwater Pollution Investigation in the Upper Denkyira East and West Districts”. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 21 (1): 19-39. https://izlik.org/JA23KK78UX.

EndNote

Oforı Agyemang V (March 1, 2026) Application of Geostatistical Techniques in Groundwater Pollution Investigation in the Upper Denkyira East and West Districts. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 21 1 19–39.

IEEE

[1]V. Oforı Agyemang, “Application of Geostatistical Techniques in Groundwater Pollution Investigation in the Upper Denkyira East and West Districts”, J. Int. Environmental Application & Science, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 19–39, Mar. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA23KK78UX

ISNAD

Oforı Agyemang, Vıctor. “Application of Geostatistical Techniques in Groundwater Pollution Investigation in the Upper Denkyira East and West Districts”. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science 21/1 (March 1, 2026): 19-39. https://izlik.org/JA23KK78UX.

JAMA

1.Oforı Agyemang V. Application of Geostatistical Techniques in Groundwater Pollution Investigation in the Upper Denkyira East and West Districts. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science. 2026;21:19–39.

MLA

Oforı Agyemang, Vıctor. “Application of Geostatistical Techniques in Groundwater Pollution Investigation in the Upper Denkyira East and West Districts”. Journal of International Environmental Application and Science, vol. 21, no. 1, Mar. 2026, pp. 19-39, https://izlik.org/JA23KK78UX.

Vancouver

1.Vıctor Oforı Agyemang. Application of Geostatistical Techniques in Groundwater Pollution Investigation in the Upper Denkyira East and West Districts. J. Int. Environmental Application & Science [Internet]. 2026 Mar. 1;21(1):19-3. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA23KK78UX