Determination of Flood Plains through GIS (Geographical Information Systems): The Sample of Silivri District

Abstract

Silivri, a district within the borders of Istanbul, is an open area against the natural disasters such as earthquake and flood. The district is located on the second and the third seismic belts. In consequence of the flood which occurred in 2009, many dwellings were damaged and this flood disaster caused many losses of lives. The housings, within the floodplains, increased between the years of 1980-1990. In this process, there is almost no free space between Highway D-100 and the Sea of Marmara. Concordantly, Silivri was imprisoned within this narrow space in this period. When we look at the 2000s, we see dense housings in the floodplains of Boğluca Stream. In this period, the first of the two big flood disasters has happened in consequence of overflowing of Tuzla and Boğluca streams in 2007. The second one has happened in 2009 and caused financial losses as well as losses of lives. In this study, the risk analysis of the occurring overflows and the risk of changing into natural disasters of these overflows taken place in the district will be investigated while the risk analysis belonging to the overflows occurring in the district is carried out by benefiting from the methods and the techniques of Geographical Information Systems (GIS). In the scope of the study, the aim is to determine the extents of the overflow risks and the areas-at-risk in the district, to identify the places which may be affected most by an overflow within those areas that are under the risk and correspondingly, to reveal which measures might be taken against these disasters. In accordance with this study, the maps regarding overflow risks are formed by benefiting from physical maps, slope, aspect, and the principle of superposition. As   a result of the examinations that has been made, it is determined that Tuzla and Boğluca streams have affected the housings in the area between the Sea of Marmara and Highway D-100 in consequence of the sudden overflows. These streams have to be reformed and closed for zoning of the areas which are not suitable for settlement. In this context, it is necessary to do the required planning.

Keywords

• Overflow,streams,Geographical information systems,Silivri

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