Microbial Enzyme Remediation of Poly-Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH’s): A review

Abstract

Pollution of soil by Polyromantic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) has continued to draw serious concern due to their recalcitrant nature. These PAHs pollutant can survive in the soil for long time, causing deleterious effect to plant, animals and humans. Microbial break down or utilization of PAHs by bacteria and fungi population within the polluted environment can be achieved through biostimulation or bioaugumentation technology by enzymes embedded in the microbial cells. Density, viscosity, pour-point and solubility are some of the physicochemical parameters that may influence microbial response to PAHs. Lack of nutrients, temperature, pH, oxygen are major factors that slows down PAH remediation. The degradation of PAH follows dioxygenase catalyzed oxidation of arenes in aerobic microbial population to yield Vicinal and Vicinal Cis-dihydrodiols. Cis, cis-muconic acid (ortho-cleavage) and 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde (meta-cleavage) is the final product of enzyme catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) catalyzed degradation of PAH in the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA). The ability of microbial isolates to produce significant enzymes such as C12O, C23O highlights their future remediation significance.

Keywords

• Polyaromantic Hydrocarbons
• Biostimulation
• Bioaugumentation
• Enzymes
• Remediation
• Ortho-cleavage
• Meta-cleavage
• Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

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