Application of Biotope Area Factor (BAF) Method for ecologically sustainable urban landscapes: The case of the Bornova and Bayraklı disticts, İzmir

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 2, 82 - 90, 30.06.2021

Gülşah Kaçmaz

Öz

In this study, the BAF methodology was modified and applied in three selected neighborhoods in the Bornova and Bayraklı districts. The aim is to find the ecologically effective area of the 3 selected neighborhoods and to determine how far this value is from the targeted BAF value (0.5).
The BAF method basically calculates the amount of ecologically effective area by giving points for different types of land cover in a given area and then multiplying these scores by the size of that land cover. It then calculates the total amount of ecologically effective area by making this calculation in the whole area. The BAF is determined by dividing the total amount of ecologically effective area found here by the total amount of land.
The findings of the present study showed that an average BAF index value was 0.33 for the entire study area. This is lower than the minimum BAF target defined as 0.5 for this study. Although the BAF value (0.35) in Evka 3 neighborhood is higher than the district average, it is still lower than the minimum BAF target of 0.5 defined for this study. In Manavkuyu and Mansuroglu, an average BAF value was calculated to be 0.20. Naldoken has the highest BAF index score with 0.45 among the neighborhoods.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biotope area factor, BAF, land use–land cover, İzmir.

Kaynakça

• Becker G and Richard M (1990) The biotope area factor as an ecological parameter – principles for its determination and identification of the target. Berlin. (accesed January 2021).
• Benedict ME and McMahon ET, (2006) Green Infrastructure: Linking Landscapes and Communities, Island Press, Washington, DC, USA.
• Casella V, Franzini M, De Lotto R, (2016) Geomatics for smart cities: Obtaining the urban planning BAF index from existing digital maps. In Proceedings of the International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic, 12–19 July 2016; pp. 689–694.
• Çoşkun Hepcan Ç and Hepcan Ş, (2018) Kentsel yeşil altyapı analizi: Bornova örneği. Mediterr Agric Sci 31(1): 37-43. Daeyoung J, Kim M, Song K and Lee J, (2021) Planning a Green Infrastructure Network to Integrate Potential Evacuation Routes and the Urban Green Space in a Coastal City: The Case Study of Haeundae District, Busan, South Korea , Science of the Total Environment, 761.
• Esbah H, Cook EA and Ewan J, (2009) Environmental Effects of Increasing Urbanization on the Ecological Integrity of Open Space Preserves. Environmental Management, 43 (5): 846-862.
• European Commission, (2011) Our life insurance, our natural capital: an EU biodiversity strategy to 2020. European Commission, COM (2011) 244, Brussels.
• Fung T, So LLH, Chen Y, Shi P and Wang J, (2008) Analysis of Green Space in Chongqing and Nanjing, Cities of China with ASTER Images Using Object-Oriented Image Classification and Landscape Metric Analysis, International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29 (24): 7159–7180.
• Hepcan Ş, (2013) Analyzing The Pattern and Connectivity of Urban Green Spaces: A Case Study of Izmir, Turkey, Urban Ecosystems, 16: 279-293. DOI:10.1007/s11252-012-0271-2.
• Hepcan Ş, Coşkun Hepcan Ç, Kılıçaslan Ç, Özkan MB and Koçan N, (2013) Analyzing Landscape Change and Urban Sprawl of A Mediterranean Coastal Landscape: A Case Study of Izmir, Turkey. Journal of Coastal Research, 29 (2): 301-310.
• Hostetler M, Allenb W and Meurk C, (2011) Conserving Urban Biodiversity Creating Green Infrastructure is Only the First Step. Landscape and Urban Planning 100: 369–371.
• Huanga PS, Tsai SM, Lin HC, Tso IM, (2015) Do Biotope Area Factor values reflect ecological effectiveness of urban landscapes? A case study on university campuses in central Taiwan. Landscape and Urban Planning 143 (2015) 143–149.
• Jayakaran AD, Moffett KB, Padowski JC, Townsend PA, Gaolach B, (2020) Green Infrastructure in Western Washington and Oregon: Perspectives from a Regional Summit. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 50 (2020) 126654.
• Juhola S, (2018) Planning for a green city: The Green Factor tool. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 34 (2018) 254–258.
• Kruuse A, (2011) GRaBS Expert Paper 6. The green space factor and the green points system. https://www.tcpa.org.uk/the-green-space-factor-and-the-green-points-system (accessed 21 January 2021)
• Kumar P, Druckmanc A, Gallagherb J, Gaterslebend B, Allisone S, Eisenmanf T S, Hoangg U, Sarkawt H, Tiwaria A, Sharmaa A, Abhijitha KV, Adlakhai D, McNabola A, Astell-Burt T, Feng X, Skeldon A C, Lusignan S, Morawska L, (2019) The nexus between air pollution, green infrastructure and human health, Environment International 133 .
• Omitaomu OA, Kotikot SM, Parish ES, (2021) Planning green infrastructure placement based on projected precipitation data. Journal of Environmental Management 279, 111718.
• Peroni F, Pristeri G, Codato D, Pappalardo SE and Marchi MD, (2019) Biotope Area Factor: An Ecological Urban Index to Geovisualize Soil Sealing in Padua, Italy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 150; doi:10.3390/su12010150.
• Steiner F (2011) Landscape Ecological Urbanism: Origins and Trajectories. Landscape and Urban Planning 100: 333–337.
• Tomson M, Kumar P, Barwise Y, Perez P, Forehead H, French K, Morawska L, Watts JF, (2021) Green infrastructure for air quality improvement in street canyons, Environment International 146, 106288.
• Tzoulas K, Korpela K, Venn S, Yli-Pelkonen V, Ka´zmierczak A, Niemela J, James P, (2007) Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using Green Infrastructure: A literature review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 81, 167–178.
• UN, (2021) Goal 11: Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/cities (accessed 19 January 2021)
• Vartholomaios A, Kalogirou N, Athanassiou E, Papadopoulou M, (2013) The green space factor as a tool for regulating the urban microclimate in vegetation-deprived Greek cities. Proceedings of the International Conference on “Changing Cities“:Spatial, morphological, formal & socio-economic dimensions. ISBN: 978-960-6865-65-7, Skiathos island, Greece.