Abstract
Fly ash is the mineral residue from the combustion of organic or inorganic materials, sourced from coal, biomass, volcanic activity, and industrial processes. Its composition and properties vary depending on the source and combustion conditions. Ash-filled thermoset-based composites are innovative materials created by incorporating ash into polymer matrices, enhancing mechanical properties and reducing costs while supporting environmental sustainability. These composites are widely used in industries such as construction, automotive, electronics, and packaging. In this study, fly ash obtained from hazelnut tree wood combustion was used as a filler in polyester resin, a commonly preferred material in composites. The composites were prepared by mixing specific proportions of ash with resin and hardened using the open casting method with Teflon molds. Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile, Izod impact, hardness, and density tests, while microstructural analysis of fractured surfaces was performed via scanning electron microscopy. As a result of the study, it was evaluated that fly ash can be used as a filler in polyester-based composites. Such natural wastes are environmentally friendly, reduce waste management problems, and can provide added value by using them as fillers in composites.
References
- Ratna D (2022) Recent Advances and Applications of Thermoset Resins, 2nd ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2020-0-02814-8
- Özbek BT (2024) Deneysel Tasarım Metodu Kullanılarak Doymamış Polyester Reçinenin Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kimya Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi.
- Starr T (1993) Databook of thermoset resins for composites. Elsevier Advanced Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-13953-3
- Ratna D (2009) Handbook of thermoset resins. ISmithers.
- İpek S (2023) Poss Modifiye Alev Geciktirici Doymamış Polyester Reçine Sentezi ve Karakterizasyonu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bilimi ve Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı, Marmara Üniversitesi.
- Kar KK (2022) Handbook of Fly Ash, Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2018-0-01655-2
- Wesche K (1991) Fly Ash in Concrete Properties and Performance. Taylor & Francis.
- Guhanathan S, Saroja Devi M (2012) Studies on interface in polyester/fly-ash particulate composites. Composite Interfaces 11(1):43-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855404322681046
- Rebeiz KS, Rosett JW, Craft AP (1996) Strength Properties of Polyester Mortar Using Pet And Fly Ash Wastes. Journal of Energy Engineering 122(1):10-20.
- Rohatgi PK, Matsunaga T, Gupta N (2009) Compressive and ultrasonic properties of polyester/fly ash composites. J Mater Sci 44:1485-1493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-3165-1
- Zahi S (2013) Mechanical and fractographic studies of surface-treated fly ash reinforced polyester composites. Advanced Materials Research 747:47-50. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.747.47
- Nalbantlı M (2023) Metalik Cüruf ve Baca Külü Dolgulu Kompozit Malzemelerin Mekanik ve Termal Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Polimer Bilimi ve Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı, Marmara Üniversitesi.
- Verma D, Joshi G, Dabral R, Lakhera A (2019) Processing and evaluation of mechanical properties of epoxy-filled E-glass fiberefly ash hybrid composites. Mechanical and Physical Testing of Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102292-4.00015-1
- Kesarlaa H, Ka R, Mohoda A, Tanjia S, Manea O, Venkatachalam G (2018) Study on Tensile Behavior of Fly Ash Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composite. Materials Today: Proceedings 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.02.166
- Ghorui S, Bandyopadhyaya NR, Ray D, Senguptac S, Kar T (2011) Use of maleated castor oil as biomodifier in unsaturated polyester resin/fly ash composites. Industrial Crops and Products 34(1):893-899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.02.007
Abstract
Fly ash is the mineral residue from the combustion of organic or inorganic materials, sourced from coal, biomass, volcanic activity, and industrial processes. Its composition and properties vary depending on the source and combustion conditions. Ash-filled thermoset-based composites are innovative materials created by incorporating ash into polymer matrices, enhancing mechanical properties and reducing costs while supporting environmental sustainability. These composites are widely used in industries such as construction, automotive, electronics, and packaging. In this study, fly ash obtained from hazelnut tree wood combustion was used as a filler in polyester resin, a commonly preferred material in composites. The composites were prepared by mixing specific proportions of ash with resin and hardened using the open casting method with Teflon molds. Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile, Izod impact, hardness, and density tests, while microstructural analysis of fractured surfaces was performed via scanning electron microscopy. As a result of the study, it was evaluated that fly ash can be used as a filler in polyester-based composites. Such natural wastes are environmentally friendly, reduce waste management problems, and can provide added value by using them as fillers in composites.
References
- Ratna D (2022) Recent Advances and Applications of Thermoset Resins, 2nd ed. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2020-0-02814-8
- Özbek BT (2024) Deneysel Tasarım Metodu Kullanılarak Doymamış Polyester Reçinenin Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kimya Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi.
- Starr T (1993) Databook of thermoset resins for composites. Elsevier Advanced Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-13953-3
- Ratna D (2009) Handbook of thermoset resins. ISmithers.
- İpek S (2023) Poss Modifiye Alev Geciktirici Doymamış Polyester Reçine Sentezi ve Karakterizasyonu. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bilimi ve Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı, Marmara Üniversitesi.
- Kar KK (2022) Handbook of Fly Ash, Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2018-0-01655-2
- Wesche K (1991) Fly Ash in Concrete Properties and Performance. Taylor & Francis.
- Guhanathan S, Saroja Devi M (2012) Studies on interface in polyester/fly-ash particulate composites. Composite Interfaces 11(1):43-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855404322681046
- Rebeiz KS, Rosett JW, Craft AP (1996) Strength Properties of Polyester Mortar Using Pet And Fly Ash Wastes. Journal of Energy Engineering 122(1):10-20.
- Rohatgi PK, Matsunaga T, Gupta N (2009) Compressive and ultrasonic properties of polyester/fly ash composites. J Mater Sci 44:1485-1493. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-3165-1
- Zahi S (2013) Mechanical and fractographic studies of surface-treated fly ash reinforced polyester composites. Advanced Materials Research 747:47-50. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.747.47
- Nalbantlı M (2023) Metalik Cüruf ve Baca Külü Dolgulu Kompozit Malzemelerin Mekanik ve Termal Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Polimer Bilimi ve Teknolojisi Anabilim Dalı, Marmara Üniversitesi.
- Verma D, Joshi G, Dabral R, Lakhera A (2019) Processing and evaluation of mechanical properties of epoxy-filled E-glass fiberefly ash hybrid composites. Mechanical and Physical Testing of Biocomposites, Fibre-Reinforced Composites and Hybrid Composites. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102292-4.00015-1
- Kesarlaa H, Ka R, Mohoda A, Tanjia S, Manea O, Venkatachalam G (2018) Study on Tensile Behavior of Fly Ash Reinforced Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composite. Materials Today: Proceedings 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.02.166
- Ghorui S, Bandyopadhyaya NR, Ray D, Senguptac S, Kar T (2011) Use of maleated castor oil as biomodifier in unsaturated polyester resin/fly ash composites. Industrial Crops and Products 34(1):893-899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.02.007
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Composite and Hybrid Materials |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Submission Date | January 29, 2025 |
| Acceptance Date | June 2, 2025 |
| Publication Date | July 31, 2025 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2025 Volume: 5 Issue: 2 |
