<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="review-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>jirpss</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Journal of International Relations and Political Science Studies</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2792-0984</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Uluslararası İlişkiler Çalışmaları Derneği</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>International Relations</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Uluslararası İlişkiler</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>İklim Krizi ve Egemenlik Çerçevesinde İklim Mağdurları</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Climate Victims in the Framework of Climate Crisis and Sovereignty</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0426-329X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Gürçam</surname>
                                    <given-names>Selçuk</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>7</issue>
                                        <fpage>19</fpage>
                                        <lpage>36</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20221230">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>30</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230202">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2021, Journal of International Relations and Political Science Studies</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Journal of International Relations and Political Science Studies</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>İklim krizi geniş kapsamlı ve hemen hemen her topluma etki eden küresel bir sorundur. Elbet bu etki her toplum için aynı oranda değildir. Özellikle iklim krizi, az gelişmiş ve kıyı şeridinde yer alan ülkeler ile küçük ada ülkeleri açısından daha büyük bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Bundan dolayı iklim krizi, insanları asırlardır yaşadıkları evlerinden sebep olmadıkları bir çevresel felaket dolayısıyla terk etmeye zorlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, iklim krizi dolayısıyla yerleşim yerlerini terk eden iklim mağdurlarını ve iklim mağdurlarının uluslararası hukuk nezdindeki durumunu devletlerin egemenlikleri çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Sonuç olarak, iklim krizine karşı yönelik atılan adımların yetersiz ve iklim mağdurları uluslararası hukuk çerçevesinde onları koruyacak hukuki statüden yoksundur. Bundan dolayı gelecekte yoğunlaşacak iklim kaynaklı zorunlu nüfus hareketlere karşı şimdiden gerekli adımların atılmaması halinde, devletlerin egemenliklerini aşınacaktır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The climate crisis is a wide-ranging global problem that affects almost every society. Of course, this effect is not the same for every society. In particular, the climate crisis poses a greater problem for underdeveloped and coastal countries and small island countries. Therefore, the climate crisis forces people to leave their homes, where they have lived for centuries, due to an environmental disaster they did not cause. This study examines the climate victims who left their settlements due to the climate crisis and the situation of climate victims before international law within the framework of the sovereignty of states. As a result, the steps taken against the climate crisis are insufficient, and climate victims lack the legal status to protect themselves under international law. Therefore, the sovereignty of states will be eroded if necessary steps are not taken against the climate-related forced population movements that will intensify in the future.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>İklim Krizi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Mülteci</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İklim Mağdurları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Göç</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Egemenlik.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>İklim Krizi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Mülteci</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İklim Mağdurları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Göç</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Egemenlik.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aguilera, J. (2019). Siberian Wildfires and Heatwaves in Alaska: How the Arctic Is Nearing a Point of No Return. Time. https://time.com/5641751/arctic-wildfires-heatwaves-alaska-climate-change/ adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ahmed, B. (2018). Who takes responsibility for the climate refugees? International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 10(1), 5–26. doi:10.1108/IJCCSM-10-2016-0149</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aleksandrova, M., Schraven, B. ve Serraglio, D. (2020). The implications of the UN’s ruling on ’climate refugees. https://www.idos-research.de/uploads/media/German_Development_Institute_Aleksandrova_Schraven_Serraglio_24.02.2020.pdf adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Atapattu, S. (2020). Climate change and displacement: protecting ‘climate refugees’ within a framework of justice and human rights. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 11(1), 86–113. doi:10.4337/jhre.2020.01.04</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Berchin, I. I., Valduga, I. B., Garcia, J. ve de Andrade Guerra, J. B. S. O. (2017). Climate change and forced migrations: An effort towards recognizing climate refugees. Geoforum, 84, 147–150. doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.06.022</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Biermann, F. ve Boas, I. (2010). Preparing for a Warmer World: Towards a Global Governance System to Protect Climate Refugees. Global Environmental Politics, 10(1), 60–88. doi:10.1162/glep.2010.10.1.60</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cereceda, R. (2020). High temperatures, melting ice and wildfires combine for unprecedented Arctic summer. Euro News. https://www.euronews.com/2020/07/14/high-temperatures-melting-ice-and-wildfires-combine-for-unprecedented-arctic-summer adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Crawford, J. (2022). The big idea: do nations really need borders? The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/aug/01/the-big-idea-do-nations-really-need-borders adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dauvergne, C. (2004). Sovereignty, Migration and the Rule of Law in Global Times. Modern Law Review, 67(4), 588–615. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2230.2004.00501.x</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Greenfield, N. (2022). Climate Migration and Equity. NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council). https://www.nrdc.org/stories/climate-migration-equity adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gürçam, S. ve Konuralp, E. (2022). Küreselden Yerele Çevresel Politika Yapımı: Iğdır İl Özel İdaresi Üzerine Bir Memorandum. Iğdır Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (6), 65–84.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Handley, L. (2021). Pacific island minister films climate speech knee-deep in the ocean. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/11/08/tuvalu-minister-gives-cop26-speech-knee-deep-in-the-ocean-to-highlight-rising-sea-levels.html adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ida, T. (2021). Climate refugees – the world’s forgotten victims. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/06/climate-refugees-the-world-s-forgotten-victims/ adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">IPCC. (2022). Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6wg2/pdf/IPCC_AR6_WGII_FinalDraft_FullReport.pdf adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jackson, J. H. (2003). Sovereignty-Modern: A New Approach to an Outdated Concept. American Journal of International Law, 97(4), 782–802. doi:10.2307/3133680</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Joly, J. (2021). COP26: Why has a speech by Tuvalu’s Foreign Minister gone viral? Euro News Green. https://www.euronews.com/green/2021/11/09/cop26-tuvalu-s-foreign-minister-urges-world-leaders-to-address-climate-change adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karagöz, T. (2021). Climate Refugees: Understanding the Challenges for Climate Refugees. Journal of International Relations and Political Science Studies, (1), 38–58.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Konuralp, E. (2017). Attempts on Non-Reductionist Marxist Theory of the State. kilikya, 4(3), 1–33. doi:10.5840/kilikya20174312</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Konuralp, E. (2019). Kamusal’ın ‘Dinsel’le Yüzleşmesi: Kamusal Din Yaklaşımı Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. E. Yağanak ve A. U. Hacıfevzioğlu (Ed.), Toplum, Siyaset ve Etik: Felsefi Soruşturmalar içinde . Bursa: Sentez Yayıncılık.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Konuralp, E. (2020). Between neoliberal appetence and environmentalist reservations: the political economy of sustainable aviation. International Journal of Sustainable Aviation, 6(2), 134. doi:10.1504/IJSA.2020.110603</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Konuralp, E. ve Bicer, S. (2021). Putting the Neoliberal Transformation of Turkish Healthcare System and Its Problems into a Historical Perspective. Review of Radical Political Economics, 53(654–674). doi:10.1177/04866134211005083</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Konuralp, E. ve Dayioğlu, N. (2022). Analysing the implications of the Health Transformation Program on perceptions of the welfare state and public services in Turkey. Acta Oeconomica, 72(2), 153–174. doi:10.1556/032.2022.00009</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lister, M. (2014). Climate change refugees. Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy, 17(5), 618–634. doi:10.1080/13698230.2014.919059</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lustgarten, A. (2022). The Great Climate Migration. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/23/magazine/climate-migration.html adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Maas, A. ve Carius, A. (2012). Territorial Integrity and Sovereignty: Climate Change and Security in the Pacific and Beyond (ss. 651–665). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28626-1_32</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Maslin, M., Parikh, P., Taylor, R. ve Chin-Yee, S. (2022). COP27 will be remembered as a failure – here’s what went wrong. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/cop27-will-be-remembered-as-a-failure-heres-what-went-wrong-194982 adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">McDonald, T. (2015). The man who would be the first climate change refugee. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34674374 adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mendez, F. ve Giampiero, G. (2001). Cuius Regio, Eius Religio, Omnium Spatium?&quot; State Sovereignty in the Age of the Internet. Information &amp; Security, 7, 15–27.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Palmer, B. (2020). By 2070, More Than 3 Billion People May Live Outside the “Human Climate Niche”. NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council). https://www.nrdc.org/stories/2070-more-3-billion-people-may-live-outside-human-climate-niche adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Podesta, J. (2019). The climate crisis, migration, and refugees. The Brookings Institution. https://www.brookings.edu/research/the-climate-crisis-migration-and-refugees/ adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Richards, L. (2022). How Climate Change Will Redraw Maps and Borders. Impakter. https://impakter.com/how-climate-change-will-redraw-maps-and-borders/ adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Stratford, E., Farbotko, C. ve Lazrus, H. (2013). Tuvalu, Sovereignty and Climate Change: Considering Fenua, the Archipelago and Emigration. Island Studies Journal, 8(1), 67–83. doi:10.24043/isj.277</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">The Guardian. (2021). Tuvalu minister to address Cop26 knee deep in water to highlight climate crisis and sea level rise. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/nov/08/tuvalu-minister-to-address-cop26-knee-deep-in-seawater-to-highlight-climate-crisis adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tunio, Z. (2022). In Pakistan, 33 Million People Have Been Displaced in Floods. UNDARK. https://undark.org/2022/09/20/in-pakistan-33-million-people-have-been-displaced-in-floods/ adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Turrentine, J. (2019). Climate Change Is Already Driving Mass Migration Around the Globe. NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council). https://www.nrdc.org/onearth/climate-change-already-driving-mass-migration-around-globe adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Turrentine, J. (2022). IPCC: We Cannot Look Away—Climate Risks Are Cascading. NRDC (Natural Resources Defense Council). https://www.nrdc.org/stories/ipcc-we-cannot-look-away-climate-risks-are-cascading adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">UNHCR. (1974). OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa. https://www.unhcr.org/about-us/background/45dc1a682/oau-convention-governing-specific-aspects-refugee-problems-africa-adopted.html adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">UNHCR. (2020). Global Trends Forced Dısplacement İn 2020. https://www.unhcr.org/statistics/unhcrstats/60b638e37/global-trends-forced-displacement-2020.html adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">UNHCR. (2022a). Climate change and disaster displacement. https://www.unhcr.org/climate-change-and-disasters.html adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">UNHCR. (2022b). What is a refugee? UN. https://www.unhcr.org/what-is-a-refugee.html adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">UNHCR. (2022c). Syria emergency. https://www.unhcr.org/syria-emergency.html adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">UNICEF. (2022). Cyclone Idai and Kenneth. https://www.unicef.org/mozambique/en/cyclone-idai-and-kenneth adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">United Nations. Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration. Pub. L. No. A/RES/73/195 (2018). https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N18/451/99/PDF/N1845199.pdf?OpenElement adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">United Nations. (2021). The Paris Agreement. UN. https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/paris-agreement adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vince, G. (2022a). The century of climate migration: why we need to plan for the great upheaval. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2022/aug/18/century-climate-crisis-migration-why-we-need-plan-great-upheaval adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vince, G. (2022b). Is the world ready for mass migration due to climate change? BBC. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20221117-how-borders-might-change-to-cope-with-climate-migration adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Watson, J. (2022). Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Climate change is already fueling global migration. The world isn’t ready to meet people’s changing needs, experts say. PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/climate-change-is-already-fueling-global-migration-the-world-isnt-ready-to-meet-peoples-needs-experts-say adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wheeler, T. ve von Braun, J. (2013). Climate Change Impacts on Global Food Security. Science, 341(6145), 508–513. doi:10.1126/science.1239402</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Williams, A. (2008). Turning the Tide: Recognizing Climate Change Refugees in International Law. Law &amp; Policy, 30(4), 502–529. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9930.2008.00290.x</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yamamoto, L. ve Esteban, M. (2010). Vanishing Island States and sovereignty. Ocean &amp; Coastal Management, 53(1), 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2009.10.003</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zurich. (2022). There could be 1.2 billion climate refugees by 2050. Here’s what you need to know. https://www.zurich.com/en/media/magazine/2022/there-could-be-1-2-billion-climate-refugees-by-2050-here-s-what-you-need-to-know adresinden erişildi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
