İKLİM MÜLTECİLERİ: İKLİM MÜLTECİLERİNİN ZORLUKLARINI ANLAMAK

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 1, 38 - 58, 30.04.2021

Tuğçe Karagöz

Öz

İklim değişikliğinin çeşitli etkileri nedeniyle insanlar bölgelerinden ve dahası ülkelerinden ayrılmak durumunda kalıyorlar. Yetersiz su kaynakları, seller, kuraklık ve deniz seviyesinin yükselmesi iklim değişikliğinin günümüzde kendini gösteren sonuçları arasındadır. Çevre mültecileri, iklim mültecileri ve çevresel etkenlerle yer değiştiren insanlar gibi çeşitli isimler, doğal afetler nedeniyle ülkelerini ve bölgelerini terk etmek zorunda kalan insanları adlandırmak için kullanılmaktadır. Bu kişiler, çevresel faktörlere maruz kalma, mülteci olmanın bir koşulu olarak görülmediğinden, 1951 Cenevre Sözleşmesi ile belirlenen yasal mülteci tanımının dışında kalmaktadır. Dolayısıyla 1951 Cenevre Sözleşmesi ile mültecilere sağlanan haklardan ve sorumluluklardan yararlanamamaktadırlar. Bugün
iklim değişikliği çoğu ülkenin gündeminde olmasına rağmen, iklim değişikliğinden etkilenen insanların sorunları uluslararası toplumun gündeminde kendine yer bulamamaktadır. İklim değişikliğinin sonuçları, etkilenen ülkelerin belirli bölgelerini kapsadığından, bu değişimin olumsuz etkilerini yaşayan kişiler kendi ülkelerinde yer değiştirme dışında bir çözüme ulaşamamaktadır. Yakın gelecekte bir ada ülkesi yükselen deniz seviyesiyle yok edilirse dünya devletlerinin nasıl davranacağı belli değildir. Dahası, mevcut mülteci rejimi iklim değişikliğinden etkilenen insanları mülteci olarak tanımaması, gelecekte yaşanacak sorunların çözümsüz kalmasında en büyük paya sahiptir. Bu kişilerin uluslararası korunma ihtiyacı hayati önem taşımaktadır, ancak yine de statüleri için herhangi bir yasal dayanak bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın temel sorusu, gelecekte kaçınılmaz hale gelecek olan iklim değişikliğinin kalıcı sonuçları ve bu sonuçlardan etkilenecek insanların sorunlarına uluslararası toplumun nasıl bir çözüm bulacağıdır. Çalışmada iklim mültecilerinin sorunları ve bu sorunlara getirilen çözüm önerilerine değinilmiştir

Anahtar Kelimeler

İklim Mültecileri, 1951 Cenevre Sözleşmesi, çevresel etkenlerle yer değiştiren insanlar, uluslararası koruma, iklim mültecilerinin sorunları

CLIMATE REFUGEES: UNDERSTANDING THE CHALLENGES FOR CLIMATE REFUGEES

Öz

People are forced to leave their regions or countries because of the various effects of climate change. Insufficient water resources, floods, drought and rise of sea level are among the consequences of climate change. Various names are given to the people who have to leave their countries and their region due to the natural disasters such as environmental refugees, climate refugees, and environmentally displaced people. These people remain outside of the legal refugee definition declared by the 1951 Geneva Convention since exposure to environmental factors is not seen as a condition of being a refugee. Thus, they cannot directly benefit from the rights and responsibilities provided to the refugees with the 1951 Geneva Convention. Although climate change is on the agenda of most countries today, the problems of people affected by climate change cannot attract the attention of the international community. Since the impacts of climate change affect certain
regions of the countries that are currently exposed, the persons who are living the negative effects of this change cannot reach a solution other than relocation within the home country. It is unclear how the world states will act if an island nation is destroyed by rising sea levels in the near future. Moreover, the current refugee regime does not recognize people affected by the climate change as a refugee. The need for the international protection of these persons in international law is vital, however, still there is no legal basis established for their status. The main question here is how the international community will find a solution to the problem of climate refugees, which will become inevitable in the future. In this study, the problems of climate refugees and the solutions offered to these problems have been mentioned.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate Refugees, 1951 Geneva Convention, environmentally displaced people, international protection, problems of climate refugees

Kaynakça

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