MAXILLARY INCISOR TRAUMA IN PATIENTS WITH CLASS II DIVISION 1 DENTAL MALOCCLUSION: ASSOCIATED FACTORS

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the association between the presence of maxillary incisor trauma (MIT) with age, gender, dentition type, the degree of overjet (OJ), lip form, respiratory type and dental arch form in patients with Class II division 1 dental malocclusion.

Subjects and Methods: 256 patients (mean age: 15.80 ± 2.2) were included in this study. The patients’ gender, dentition type, superior lip form, dental arch form and respiratory type were recorded. Participants were divided into four groups according to the severity of OJ: 3.5 mm <Group 1 (OJ I) ≤6 mm with competent lip, 3.5 mm<Group 2 (OJ II) ≤ 6 mm with incompetent lip, 6 mm<Group 3 (OJ III) ≤9mm, 9 mm<Group 4 (OJ IV). Mann Whitney-U test was used to examine the group differences for trauma and non-trauma groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the factors for trauma and their risk indicators.

Results: 3.5 mm< OJ II≤ 6 mm with incompetent lip had the highest odds of experiencing MIT among the OJ groups with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.143 and 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.125-2.779. The odds were 3.572 times higher in the group with short lip form than found in the group with normal lip form (OR 3.572, 95% CI 1.130-2.340).

Conclusion: The age, gender, respiratory type and dental arch form were not significantly associated the risk of MIT. OJ between 3.5 mm and 6 mm (with incompetent lip) and short lips increased the risk of having maxillary incisor trauma in patients with Class II division 1 malocclusion.

Keywords

• Pediatric dentistry,orthodontics; malocclusion; incisor; trauma

References

1. Zerman N, Cavalleri G. Traumatic injuries to permanent incisors. Endod Dent Traumatol 1993;9(2):61-64.
2. Bastone EB, Freer TJ, McNamara JR. Epidemiology of dental trauma: A review of the literature. Aust Dent J 2000;45(1):2-9.
3. Bauss O, Rohling J, Schwestka-Polly R. Prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors in candidates for orthodontic treatment. Dent Traumatol 2004;20(2):61-66.
4. Burton J, Pryke L, Rob M, Lawson JS. Traumatized anterior teeth amongst high school students in northern sydney. Aust Dent J 1985;30(5):346-348.
5. Caliskan MK, Turkun M. Clinical investigation of traumatic injuries of permanent incisors in izmir, turkey. Endod Dent Traumatol 1995;11(5):210-213.
6. Patel MC, Sujan SG. The prevalence of traumatic dental injuries to permanent anterior teeth and its relation with predisposing risk factors among 8-13 years school children of vadodara city: An epidemiological study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2012;30(2):151-157.
7. Glendor U. Aetiology and risk factors related to traumatic dental injuries--a review of the literature. Dent Traumatol 2009;25(1):19-31.
8. Marcenes W, Alessi ON, Traebert J. Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 12 years in jaragua do sul, brazil. Int Dent J 2000;50(2):87-92.

9. Borzabadi-Farahani A, Borzabadi-Farahani A. The association between orthodontic treatment need and maxillary incisor trauma, a retrospective clinical study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2011;112(6):e75-80.
10. Burden DJ. An investigation of the association between overjet size, lip coverage, and traumatic injury to maxillary incisors. Eur J Orthod 1995;17(6):513-517.
11. Chen DR, McGorray SP, Dolce C, Wheeler TT. Effect of early class ii treatment on the incidence of incisor trauma. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2011;140(4):e155-160.
12. Borzabadi-Farahani A, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Eslamipour F. An investigation into the association between facial profile and maxillary incisor trauma, a clinical non-radiographic study. Dent Traumatol 2010;26(5):403-408.
13. Marcenes W, al Beiruti N, Tayfour D, Issa S. Epidemiology of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of 9-12-year-old schoolchildren in damascus, syria. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999;15(3):117-123.
14. Artun J, Behbehani F, Al-Jame B, Kerosuo H. Incisor trauma in an adolescent arab population: Prevalence, severity, and occlusal risk factors. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2005;128(3):347-352.
15. Jarvinen S. Traumatic injuries to upper permanent incisors related to age and incisal overjet. A retrospective study. Acta Odontol Scand 1979;37(6):335-338.
16. Kania MJ, Keeling SD, McGorray SP, Wheeler TT, King GJ. Risk factors associated with incisor injury in elementary school children. Angle Orthod 1996;66(6):423-432.
17. Andreasen JO Andreasen FM, ed. Classification, etiology and epidemiology. In textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth. Copenhagen: Blackwell Munksgaard, 2011, p.218-219.
18. Brook PH, Shaw WC. The development of an index of orthodontic treatment priority. Eur J Orthod 1989;11(3):309-320.
19. Rai SB, Munshi AK. Traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth among south kanara school children--a prevalence study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 1998;16(2):44-51.
20. Schatz JP, Hakeberg M, Ostini E, Kiliaridis S. Prevalence of traumatic injuries to permanent dentition and its association with overjet in a swiss child population. Dent Traumatol 2013;29(2):110-114.
21. Atabek D, Alacam A, Aydintug I, Konakoglu G. A retrospective study of traumatic dental injuries. Dent Traumatol 2014;30(2):154-161.
22. Dua R, Sharma S. Prevalence, causes, and correlates of traumatic dental injuries among seven-to-twelve-year-old school children in dera bassi. Contemp Clin Dent 2012;3(1):38-41.
23. Altun C, Ozen B, Esenlik E, Guven G, Gurbuz T, Acikel C, Basak F, Akbulut E. Traumatic injuries to permanent teeth in turkish children, ankara. Dent Traumatol 2009;25(3):309-313.
24. Sari ME, Ozmen B, Koyuturk AE, Tokay U, Kasap P, Guler D. A retrospective evaluation of traumatic dental injury in children who applied to the dental hospital, turkey. Niger J Clin Pract 2014;17(5):644-648.
25. Dame-Teixeira N, Alves LS, Susin C, Maltz M. Traumatic dental injury among 12-year-old south brazilian schoolchildren: Prevalence, severity, and risk indicators. Dent Traumatol 2013;29(1):52-58.
26. Navabazam A, Farahani SS. Prevalence of traumatic injuries to maxillary permanent teeth in 9- to 14-year-old school children in yazd, iran. Dent Traumatol 2010;26(2):154-157.
27. Tumen EC, Adiguzel O, Kaya S, Uysal E, Yavuz I, Ozdemir E, Atakul F. Incisor trauma in a turkish preschool population: Prevalence and socio-economic risk factors. Community Dent Health 2011;28(4):308-312.
28. Zaleckiene V, Peciuliene V, Brukiene V, Drukteinis S. Traumatic dental injuries: Etiology, prevalence and possible outcomes. Stomatologija 2014;16(1):7-14.
29. Traebert J, Bittencourt DD, Peres KG, Peres MA, de Lacerda JT, Marcenes W. Aetiology and rates of treatment of traumatic dental injuries among 12-year-old school children in a town in southern brazil. Dent Traumatol 2006;22(4):173-178.
30. Taiwo OO, Jalo HP. Dental injuries in 12-year old nigerian students. Dent Traumatol 2011;27(3):230-234.
31. Bauss O, Freitag S, Rohling J, Rahman A. Influence of overjet and lip coverage on the prevalence and severity of incisor trauma. J Orofac Orthop 2008;69(6):402-410.
32. Rocha MJ, Cardoso M. Traumatized permanent teeth in brazilian children assisted at the federal university of santa catarina, brazil. Dent Traumatol 2001;17(6):245-249.
33. Sharma D, Garg S, Sheoran N, Swami S, Singh G. Multidisciplinary approach to the rehabilitation of a tooth with two trauma episodes: Systematic review and report of a case. Dent Traumatol 2011;27(4):321-326.
34. Petti S. Over two hundred million injuries to anterior teeth attributable to large overjet: A meta-analysis. Dent Traumatol 2015;31(1):1-8.