BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

POLYTETRAFLUOROETYLENE TAPE AS TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A FLUID FILTRATION STUDY

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 49 Sayı: 3, 17 - 22, 25.01.2015
https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.08659

Öz

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to
compare the sealing ability of temporary
restorative materials at 24 hrs and 1 week.
Materials and Methods: Endodontic access cavities
were prepared in 56 extracted lower incisor-teeth
and divided into 5 groups (n=10). Standard 5 mm
deep access preparations were completed and root
canals were prepared to size ISO #30 file. The access
cavities were restored as follows: Group 1: temporary
restorative material (Ceivitron); Group 2: glass ionomer
cement (Fuji II); Group 3: zinc oxide-eugenol cement
(IRM); Group 4: zinc phosphate cement (Adhesor);
Group 5: polytetrafluoroetylene tape (PTFE). The
quality of the coronal sealing of each specimen was
measured (24 hrs and 1 week) using fluid transport
model. The data was analysed with repeated
measurements of ANO VA, Tukey, Paired samples T-Tests.
Results: A significant difference was found among
the groups at all time-periods (p<0.05). At 24 hrs,
PTFE showed similar leakage with Ceivitron, IRM,
and Fuji II but it showed higher leakage than Adhesor.
At 1 week, Ceivitron showed higher leakage than
PTFE, meanwhile PTFE showed similar leakage
with IRM, Fuji II, and Adhesor (p>0.05). Sealing
ability of IRM and PTFE groups significantly
increased by time (p<0.05 and p<0.001 respectively).
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, PTFE
showed an acceptable short-term sealing capability
when compared to the other commonly used temporary
restorative materials at 1 week measurements.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Hommez GM, Coppens CR, De Moor RJ. Periapical health related to the quality of coronal restorations and root fillings. Int Endod J 2002;35(8):680-689.
  • 2. Ray HA, Trope M. Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration. Int Endod J 1995;28(1):12-18.
  • 3. Siqueira JF, Jr., Rocas IN, Favieri A, Abad EC, Castro AJ, Gahyva SM. Bacterial leakage in coronally unsealed root canals obturated with 3 different techniques. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90(5):647-650.
  • 4. Schwartz RS, Fransman R. Adhesive dentistry and endodontics: Materials, clinical strategies and procedures for restoration of access cavities: A review. J Endod 2005;31(3):151-165.
  • 5. Ricucci D, Siqueira JF, Jr. Recurrent apical periodontitis and late endodontic treatment failure related to coronal leakage: A case report. J Endod 2011;37(8):1171-1175.
  • 6. Cardoso AS, Silva NC, Silva JM, Herrera DR, Neves AA, Leal Silva EJ. Assessment of coronal leakage of a new temporary light-curing filling material in endodontically treated teeth. Indian J Dent Res 2014;25(3):321-324.
  • 7. Siqueira JF, Jr., Rocas IN, Alves FR, Campos LC. Periradicular status related to the quality of coronal restorations and root canal fillings in a brazilian population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005;100(3):369-374.
  • 8. Moreno JO, Alves FR, Goncalves LS, Martinez AM, Rocas IN, Siqueira JF, Jr. Periradicular status and quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations in an urban colombian population. J Endod 2013;39(5):600-604.
  • 9. Torabinejad M, Ung B, Kettering JD. In vitro bacterial penetration of coronally unsealed endodontically treated teeth. J Endod 1990;16(12):566-569.
  • 10. Ciftci A, Vardarli DA, Sonmez IS. Coronal microleakage of four endodontic temporary restorative materials: An in vitro study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108(4):e67-70.
  • 11. Vail MM, Steffel CL. Preference of temporary restorations and spacers: A survey of diplomates of the american board of endodontists. J Endod 2006;32(6):513-515.
  • 12. Hosoya N, Cox CF, Arai T, Nakamura J. The walking bleach procedure: An in vitro study to measure microleakage of five temporary sealing agents. J Endod 2000;26(12):716-718.
  • 13. BM. C. Glass-ionomer dental restoratives. . Prog Polym Sci 2001;26(4):577–604. for
  • 14. Naoum HJ, Chandler NP. Temporization endodontics. Int Endod J 2002;35(12):964-978.
  • 15. Moraguez OD, Belser UC. The use of polytetrafluoroethylene tape for the management of screw access channels in implant-supported prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 2010;103(3):189-191.
  • 16. Chan DC. Technique for repair of multiple abutment teeth under preexisting crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2003;89(1):91-92.
  • 17. Dunn WJ, Davis JT, Casey JA. Polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) tape as a matrix in operative dentistry. Oper Dent 2004;29(4):470- 472.
  • 18. Paranjpe A, Jain S, Alibhai KJ, Wadhwani CP, Darveau RP, Johnson JD. In vitro microbiologic evaluation of ptfe and cotton as spacer materials. Quintessence Int 2012;43(8):703-707.
  • 19. Arabolu M, Nair KC, Raheel SA, Tarakji B, Azzeghaiby SN, Nassani MZ. Using an existing crown to repair a damaged cast post and core restoration. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(5):111-113.
  • 20. Hess TA. A technique to eliminate subgingival cement adhesion to implant abutments by using polytetrafluoroethylene tape. J Prosthet Dent 2014;112(2):365-368.
  • 21. Takata T, Wang HL, Miyauchi M. Migration of osteoblastic cells on various guided bone regeneration membranes. Clin Oral Implants Res 2001;12(4):332-338.
  • 22. Tascón J.E GJC, Madrid A, Gallego M.D.P. . Price and the efficacy of the polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) tape for the removal of the proximal dental biofilm compared to the common nylon dental floss in adolescents and young adults. Columbia Medica 2006;37(4):287-292.
  • 23. Pashley DH, Depew DD. Effects of the smear layer, copalite, and oxalate on microleakage. Oper Dent 1986;11(3):95-102.
  • 24. Derkson GD, Pashley DH, Derkson ME. Microleakage measurement of selected restorative materials: A new in vitro method. J Prosthet Dent 1986;56(4):435-440.
  • 25. Wu MK, De Gee AJ, Wesselink PR, Moorer WR. Fluid transport and bacterial penetration along root canal fillings. Int Endod J 1993;26(4):203- 208.
  • 26. Lai YY, Pai L, Chen CP. Marginal leakage of different temporary restorations in standardized complex endodontic access preparations. J Endod 2007;33(7):875-878.
  • 27. Lee YC, Yang SF, Hwang YF, Chueh LH, Chung KH. Microleakage of endodontic temporary restorative materials. J Endod 1993;19(10):516- 520.
  • 28. Webber RT, del Rio CE, Brady JM, Segall RO. Sealing quality of a temporary filling material. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978;46(1):123- 130.
  • 29. Balto H. An assessment of microbial coronal leakage of temporary filling materials in endodontically treated teeth. J Endod 2002;28(11):762-764.
  • 30. Zmener O, Banegas G, Pameijer CH. Coronal microleakage of three temporary restorative materials: An in vitro study. J Endod 2004;30(8):582-584.
  • 31. Blaney TD, Peters DD, Setterstrom J, Bernier WE. Marginal sealing quality of irm and cavit as assessed by microbiol penetration. J Endod 1981;7(10):453-457.
  • 32. Imura N, Otani SM, Campos MJ, Jardim Junior EG, Zuolo ML. Bacterial penetration through temporary restorative materials in root-canaltreated teeth in vitro. Int Endod J 1997;30(6):381- 385.
  • 33. Saunders WP, Saunders EM. Coronal leakage as a cause of failure in root-canal therapy: A review. Endod Dent Traumatol 1994;10(3):105-108.
  • 34. Hume WR. The pharmacologic and toxicological properties of zinc oxide-eugenol. J Am Dent Assoc 1986;113(5):789-791.
  • 35. Kazemi RB, Safavi KE, Spangberg LS. Assessment of marginal stability and permeability of an interim restorative endodontic material. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;78(6):788- 796. 36. Tamse A, Ben-Amar A, Gover A. Sealing properties of temporary filling materials used in endodontics. J Endod 1982;8(7):322-325.
  • 37. Koagel SO, Mines P, Apicella M, Sweet M. In vitro study to compare the coronal microleakage of tempit ultraf, tempit, irm, and cavit by using the fluid transport model. J Endod 2008;34(4):442- 444.
  • 38. Barkhordar RA, Stark MM. Sealing ability of intermediate restorations and cavity design used in endodontics. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;69(1):99-101.
  • 39. Naseri M, Ahangari Z, Shahbazi Moghadam M, Mohammadian M. Coronal sealing ability of three temporary filling materials. Iran Endod J 2012;7(1):20-24.
  • 40. Friedman S, Shani J, Stabholz A, Kaplawi J. Comparative sealing ability of temporary filling materials evaluated by leakage of radiosodium. Int Endod J 1986;19(4):187-193.
  • 41. Barkhordar RA, Pelzner RB, Stark MM. Use of glass ionomers as retrofilling materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989;67(6):734-739.
  • 42. Liberman R, Ben-Amar A, Frayberg E, Abramovitz I, Metzger Z. Effect of repeated vertical loads on microleakage of irm and calcium sulfate-based temporary fillings. J Endod 2001;27(12):724-729.
  • 43. Siqueira JF, Jr., Magalhaes KM, Rocas IN. Bacterial reduction in infected root canals treated with 2.5% naocl as an irrigant and calcium hydroxide/camphorated paramonochlorophenol paste as an intracanal dressing. J Endod 2007;33(6):667-672.

Geçici Restoratif Dolgu Materyali Olarak Politetrafloroetilen Bant (Ptfe): Sıvı Filtrasyon Çalışması

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 49 Sayı: 3, 17 - 22, 25.01.2015
https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.08659

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, geçici restoratif
materyallerin 24 saat ve 1 hafta süresinde sızdırmazlık
kabiliyetlerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 56 adet çekilmiş alt çene kesici dişin
endodontik giriş kaviteleri açıldı. Dişler 5 gruba ayrıldı
(n=10). Giriş kaviteleri standart 5 mm derinlikte olacak
şekilde açıldı ve kök kanalları ISO #30 numaraya kadar
genişletildi. Giriş kaviteleri şu şekilde restore edildi:
Grup 1: geçici restorasyon materyali (Ceivitron);
Grup 2: cam iyonomer siman (Fuji II); Grup 3: çinko
oksit öjenol siman (IRM); Grup 4: çinko fosfat siman
(Adhesor); Grup 5: politetrafloroetilen bant (PTFE).
Her örneğin koronal sızdırmazlık kalitesi sıvı filtrasyon
yöntemi kullanılarak ölçüldü (24 saat ve 1 hafta). Veriler
hesaplandı (Lp), tekrarlayan ölçümlerle ANOVA, Tukey
ve bağımlı gruplarda P testi kullanılarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Tüm zamanlar için gruplar arasında anlamlı
fark bulundu (p < 0.05). 24 saatte, PTFE; Ceivitron,
IRM ve Fuji II ile benzer; fakat Adhesor den daha fazla
sızıntı değeri gösterdi. 1 haftada; Ceivitron, PTFE
den daha fazla sızıntı değeri gösterdi, aynı zamanda
PTFE; IRM, Fuji II ve Adhesor ile benzer sızıntı değeri
gösterdi (p > 0.05). IRM ve PTFE gruplarının sızıntı
değeri zamanla önemli derecede azaldı (p < 0.05 ve p
< 0.001 sırasıyla).
Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sınırları dâhilinde, PTFE, 1
haftalık ölçümlerde, diğer sıklıkla kullanılan geçici dolgu
materyalleri ile kıyaslandığında, kabul edilebilir bir
kısa-dönem sızdırmazlık kabiliyeti göstermiştir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Hommez GM, Coppens CR, De Moor RJ. Periapical health related to the quality of coronal restorations and root fillings. Int Endod J 2002;35(8):680-689.
  • 2. Ray HA, Trope M. Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the coronal restoration. Int Endod J 1995;28(1):12-18.
  • 3. Siqueira JF, Jr., Rocas IN, Favieri A, Abad EC, Castro AJ, Gahyva SM. Bacterial leakage in coronally unsealed root canals obturated with 3 different techniques. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90(5):647-650.
  • 4. Schwartz RS, Fransman R. Adhesive dentistry and endodontics: Materials, clinical strategies and procedures for restoration of access cavities: A review. J Endod 2005;31(3):151-165.
  • 5. Ricucci D, Siqueira JF, Jr. Recurrent apical periodontitis and late endodontic treatment failure related to coronal leakage: A case report. J Endod 2011;37(8):1171-1175.
  • 6. Cardoso AS, Silva NC, Silva JM, Herrera DR, Neves AA, Leal Silva EJ. Assessment of coronal leakage of a new temporary light-curing filling material in endodontically treated teeth. Indian J Dent Res 2014;25(3):321-324.
  • 7. Siqueira JF, Jr., Rocas IN, Alves FR, Campos LC. Periradicular status related to the quality of coronal restorations and root canal fillings in a brazilian population. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2005;100(3):369-374.
  • 8. Moreno JO, Alves FR, Goncalves LS, Martinez AM, Rocas IN, Siqueira JF, Jr. Periradicular status and quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations in an urban colombian population. J Endod 2013;39(5):600-604.
  • 9. Torabinejad M, Ung B, Kettering JD. In vitro bacterial penetration of coronally unsealed endodontically treated teeth. J Endod 1990;16(12):566-569.
  • 10. Ciftci A, Vardarli DA, Sonmez IS. Coronal microleakage of four endodontic temporary restorative materials: An in vitro study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009;108(4):e67-70.
  • 11. Vail MM, Steffel CL. Preference of temporary restorations and spacers: A survey of diplomates of the american board of endodontists. J Endod 2006;32(6):513-515.
  • 12. Hosoya N, Cox CF, Arai T, Nakamura J. The walking bleach procedure: An in vitro study to measure microleakage of five temporary sealing agents. J Endod 2000;26(12):716-718.
  • 13. BM. C. Glass-ionomer dental restoratives. . Prog Polym Sci 2001;26(4):577–604. for
  • 14. Naoum HJ, Chandler NP. Temporization endodontics. Int Endod J 2002;35(12):964-978.
  • 15. Moraguez OD, Belser UC. The use of polytetrafluoroethylene tape for the management of screw access channels in implant-supported prostheses. J Prosthet Dent 2010;103(3):189-191.
  • 16. Chan DC. Technique for repair of multiple abutment teeth under preexisting crowns. J Prosthet Dent 2003;89(1):91-92.
  • 17. Dunn WJ, Davis JT, Casey JA. Polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) tape as a matrix in operative dentistry. Oper Dent 2004;29(4):470- 472.
  • 18. Paranjpe A, Jain S, Alibhai KJ, Wadhwani CP, Darveau RP, Johnson JD. In vitro microbiologic evaluation of ptfe and cotton as spacer materials. Quintessence Int 2012;43(8):703-707.
  • 19. Arabolu M, Nair KC, Raheel SA, Tarakji B, Azzeghaiby SN, Nassani MZ. Using an existing crown to repair a damaged cast post and core restoration. J Int Oral Health 2014;6(5):111-113.
  • 20. Hess TA. A technique to eliminate subgingival cement adhesion to implant abutments by using polytetrafluoroethylene tape. J Prosthet Dent 2014;112(2):365-368.
  • 21. Takata T, Wang HL, Miyauchi M. Migration of osteoblastic cells on various guided bone regeneration membranes. Clin Oral Implants Res 2001;12(4):332-338.
  • 22. Tascón J.E GJC, Madrid A, Gallego M.D.P. . Price and the efficacy of the polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) tape for the removal of the proximal dental biofilm compared to the common nylon dental floss in adolescents and young adults. Columbia Medica 2006;37(4):287-292.
  • 23. Pashley DH, Depew DD. Effects of the smear layer, copalite, and oxalate on microleakage. Oper Dent 1986;11(3):95-102.
  • 24. Derkson GD, Pashley DH, Derkson ME. Microleakage measurement of selected restorative materials: A new in vitro method. J Prosthet Dent 1986;56(4):435-440.
  • 25. Wu MK, De Gee AJ, Wesselink PR, Moorer WR. Fluid transport and bacterial penetration along root canal fillings. Int Endod J 1993;26(4):203- 208.
  • 26. Lai YY, Pai L, Chen CP. Marginal leakage of different temporary restorations in standardized complex endodontic access preparations. J Endod 2007;33(7):875-878.
  • 27. Lee YC, Yang SF, Hwang YF, Chueh LH, Chung KH. Microleakage of endodontic temporary restorative materials. J Endod 1993;19(10):516- 520.
  • 28. Webber RT, del Rio CE, Brady JM, Segall RO. Sealing quality of a temporary filling material. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978;46(1):123- 130.
  • 29. Balto H. An assessment of microbial coronal leakage of temporary filling materials in endodontically treated teeth. J Endod 2002;28(11):762-764.
  • 30. Zmener O, Banegas G, Pameijer CH. Coronal microleakage of three temporary restorative materials: An in vitro study. J Endod 2004;30(8):582-584.
  • 31. Blaney TD, Peters DD, Setterstrom J, Bernier WE. Marginal sealing quality of irm and cavit as assessed by microbiol penetration. J Endod 1981;7(10):453-457.
  • 32. Imura N, Otani SM, Campos MJ, Jardim Junior EG, Zuolo ML. Bacterial penetration through temporary restorative materials in root-canaltreated teeth in vitro. Int Endod J 1997;30(6):381- 385.
  • 33. Saunders WP, Saunders EM. Coronal leakage as a cause of failure in root-canal therapy: A review. Endod Dent Traumatol 1994;10(3):105-108.
  • 34. Hume WR. The pharmacologic and toxicological properties of zinc oxide-eugenol. J Am Dent Assoc 1986;113(5):789-791.
  • 35. Kazemi RB, Safavi KE, Spangberg LS. Assessment of marginal stability and permeability of an interim restorative endodontic material. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;78(6):788- 796. 36. Tamse A, Ben-Amar A, Gover A. Sealing properties of temporary filling materials used in endodontics. J Endod 1982;8(7):322-325.
  • 37. Koagel SO, Mines P, Apicella M, Sweet M. In vitro study to compare the coronal microleakage of tempit ultraf, tempit, irm, and cavit by using the fluid transport model. J Endod 2008;34(4):442- 444.
  • 38. Barkhordar RA, Stark MM. Sealing ability of intermediate restorations and cavity design used in endodontics. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1990;69(1):99-101.
  • 39. Naseri M, Ahangari Z, Shahbazi Moghadam M, Mohammadian M. Coronal sealing ability of three temporary filling materials. Iran Endod J 2012;7(1):20-24.
  • 40. Friedman S, Shani J, Stabholz A, Kaplawi J. Comparative sealing ability of temporary filling materials evaluated by leakage of radiosodium. Int Endod J 1986;19(4):187-193.
  • 41. Barkhordar RA, Pelzner RB, Stark MM. Use of glass ionomers as retrofilling materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1989;67(6):734-739.
  • 42. Liberman R, Ben-Amar A, Frayberg E, Abramovitz I, Metzger Z. Effect of repeated vertical loads on microleakage of irm and calcium sulfate-based temporary fillings. J Endod 2001;27(12):724-729.
  • 43. Siqueira JF, Jr., Magalhaes KM, Rocas IN. Bacterial reduction in infected root canals treated with 2.5% naocl as an irrigant and calcium hydroxide/camphorated paramonochlorophenol paste as an intracanal dressing. J Endod 2007;33(6):667-672.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırmalar / Original Articles
Yazarlar

Keziban Olcay

Liviu Steier Bu kişi benim

Liviu Steıer Bu kişi benim

Hilal Erdoğan Bu kişi benim

Hilal Erdogan Bu kişi benim

Sema Belli

Sema Belli

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Ocak 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 49 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Olcay, K., Steier, L., Steıer, L., Erdoğan, H., vd. (2015). POLYTETRAFLUOROETYLENE TAPE AS TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A FLUID FILTRATION STUDY. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, 49(3), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.08659
AMA Olcay K, Steier L, Steıer L, Erdoğan H, Erdogan H, Belli S, Belli S. POLYTETRAFLUOROETYLENE TAPE AS TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A FLUID FILTRATION STUDY. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. Ekim 2015;49(3):17-22. doi:10.17096/jiufd.08659
Chicago Olcay, Keziban, Liviu Steier, Liviu Steıer, Hilal Erdoğan, Hilal Erdogan, Sema Belli, ve Sema Belli. “POLYTETRAFLUOROETYLENE TAPE AS TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A FLUID FILTRATION STUDY”. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 49, sy. 3 (Ekim 2015): 17-22. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.08659.
EndNote Olcay K, Steier L, Steıer L, Erdoğan H, Erdogan H, Belli S, Belli S (01 Ekim 2015) POLYTETRAFLUOROETYLENE TAPE AS TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A FLUID FILTRATION STUDY. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 49 3 17–22.
IEEE K. Olcay, L. Steier, L. Steıer, H. Erdoğan, H. Erdogan, S. Belli, ve S. Belli, “POLYTETRAFLUOROETYLENE TAPE AS TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A FLUID FILTRATION STUDY”, J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent, c. 49, sy. 3, ss. 17–22, 2015, doi: 10.17096/jiufd.08659.
ISNAD Olcay, Keziban vd. “POLYTETRAFLUOROETYLENE TAPE AS TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A FLUID FILTRATION STUDY”. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry 49/3 (Ekim 2015), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.17096/jiufd.08659.
JAMA Olcay K, Steier L, Steıer L, Erdoğan H, Erdogan H, Belli S, Belli S. POLYTETRAFLUOROETYLENE TAPE AS TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A FLUID FILTRATION STUDY. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. 2015;49:17–22.
MLA Olcay, Keziban vd. “POLYTETRAFLUOROETYLENE TAPE AS TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A FLUID FILTRATION STUDY”. Journal of Istanbul University Faculty of Dentistry, c. 49, sy. 3, 2015, ss. 17-22, doi:10.17096/jiufd.08659.
Vancouver Olcay K, Steier L, Steıer L, Erdoğan H, Erdogan H, Belli S, Belli S. POLYTETRAFLUOROETYLENE TAPE AS TEMPORARY RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A FLUID FILTRATION STUDY. J Istanbul Univ Fac Dent. 2015;49(3):17-22.