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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>job</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Journal of Baltalimanı</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">3108-4591</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>İstanbul Metin Sabancı Baltalimanı Kemik Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.19047431</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Orthopaedics</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Ortopedi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>False-Positive Results in HIV Screening Tests Prior to Elective Orthopedic Surgery: Prevalence, Causes, and Clinical Management Strategies</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Elektif Ortopedik Cerrahi Öncesi HIV Tarama Testlerinde Yalancı Pozitif Sonuçlar: Sıklık, Nedenler ve Klinik Yönetim Stratejileri</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2770-4745</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Uğurlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Aylin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İstanbul Metin Sabancı Baltalimanı Kemik Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırması</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7244-0641</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kart</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hilal</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BALTALIMANI METIN SABANCI BONE DISEASES TRAINING AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3899-6410</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Koçyiğit Akyüz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hülya</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İstanbul Metin Sabancı Baltalimanı Kemik Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260330">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>2</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>20</fpage>
                                        <lpage>25</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260212">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>12</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260316">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>16</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2025, Baltalimanı Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Baltalimanı Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Objective: To synthesize the prevalence, causes, and clinical management strategies of false-positive results in HIV screening tests prior to elective orthopedic surgery in low-prevalence settings. Methods: A selective literature review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering publications from 2000 to the present. Approximately 30 sources were examined, with priority given to cohort studies, retrospective analyses, and current guideline documents (CDC, WHO) reporting screening results prior to elective surgery. Results: In low-prevalence settings, false-positive rates range from 0.11% to 0.67%, consistent with the 0.4%–1.3% range reported in general populations. Primary causes include limited specificity of fourth-generation immunoassays, biological cross-reactivity (e.g., EBV, CMV, autoimmune diseases, pregnancy, vaccinations, post-COVID-19 immune alterations), technical errors, and patient-specific factors relevant to orthopedic populations (rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation, advanced age, anti-inflammatory medications). Clinical consequences encompass patient anxiety and stigma, surgical delays, additional costs, and disruptions in healthcare workers&#039; risk perception. Confirmation strategies involve rapid HIV RNA NAT (PCR) within two- or three-test algorithms (adapted from CDC/WHO guidelines); surgery proceeds without delay when NAT is negative. Conclusion: Although false-positive HIV screening results are infrequent in elective orthopedic surgery, they can be effectively managed through multidisciplinary approaches, rapid confirmation processes, and patient-centered counseling. Rationalizing screening policies in low-prevalence environments—via risk-based approaches, institutional monitoring of false-positive rates, and staff training—will safeguard patient safety, maintain surgical continuity, and enhance healthcare system efficiency. Future prospective studies specific to orthopedic surgery are needed to further validate the effectiveness of these strategies.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Amaç: Elektif ortopedik cerrahi öncesi HIV tarama testlerinde yalancı pozitif sonuçların sıklığını, nedenlerini ve klinik yönetim stratejilerini düşük prevalanslı ortamlarda sentezlemek. Yöntem: PubMed, Scopus ve Web of Science veritabanlarında 2000 yılından günümüze kadar yapılan seçici literatür taraması ile yaklaşık 30 kaynak incelenmiş; elektif cerrahi öncesi tarama sonuçlarını rapor eden kohort çalışmaları, retrospektif analizler ve güncel rehberler (CDC, WHO) önceliklendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Düşük prevalanslı ortamlarda yalancı pozitif oranları %0.11–0.67 arasında değişmekte olup, genel popülasyonda %0.4–1.3 aralığı ile uyumludur. Başlıca nedenler; dördüncü nesil immünoanalizlerin özgüllük sınırlılıkları, biyolojik çapraz reaktivite (EBV, CMV, otoimmün hastalıklar, gebelik, aşılar, COVID-19 sonrası immün değişiklikler), teknik hatalar ve ortopedik hasta grubuna özgü faktörler (romatoid artrit, kronik enflamasyon, yaşlılık, anti-enflamatuar ilaçlar) olarak belirlenmiştir. Klinik etkileri arasında hasta anksiyetesi/stigma, cerrahi gecikmeleri, ek maliyetler ve sağlık çalışanlarında risk algısı bozulması yer alır. Doğrulama stratejileri; hızlı HIV RNA NAT (PCR) ile iki- veya üç-test algoritmaları (CDC/WHO rehberlerine uyarlanmış) olup, NAT negatif çıkması durumunda cerrahi ertelenmeden devam ettirilmektedir. Sonuç: Elektif ortopedik cerrahide yalancı pozitif HIV tarama sonuçları az görülmekle birlikte, multidisipliner yaklaşım, hızlı doğrulama süreçleri ve hasta merkezli danışmanlık ile etkin biçimde yönetilebilir. Düşük prevalanslı ortamlarda tarama politikalarının rasyonelleştirilmesi (risk temelli yaklaşımlar, kurumsal oranların izlenmesi ve personel eğitimi) hasta güvenliğini korurken cerrahi süreçlerin sürekliliğini ve sağlık sisteminin verimliliğini artıracaktır. İleri çalışmalar, ortopedik cerrahiye özgü prospektif verilerle bu stratejilerin etkinliğini ortaya koymalıdır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>False positive</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  HIV screening</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  elective orthopedic surgery</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Yalancı pozitif</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  HIV tarama</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  elektif ortopedik cerrahi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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