jocas Kafkasya Çalışmaları 2149-9527 2149-9101 Murat TOPÇU 10.21488/jocas.1575966 Postcolonial Studies Migration Postkolonyal Çalışmalar Göç Гражданство в де-факто государстве. Случай эстонцев в Абхазии. Citizenship in a de Facto State. The Case of Estonians in Abkhazia [De Facto Bir Devlette Vatandaşlık: Abhazya'da Estonların Durumu] Citizenship in a de facto state. The case of Estonians in Abkhazia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1551-3218 Jürgenson Aivar Estonian National Museum 05 31 2025 10 16 117 146 10 30 2024 02 07 2025 Copyright © 2015, Kafkasya Çalışmaları 2015 Kafkasya Çalışmaları

В случае де-факто государств, к числу которых международное сообщество относит Абхазию, международное признание этих стран является критически важным вопросом. Хотя у них есть постоянное население, определенная территория и функционирующее правительство, их способность взаимодействовать с другими государствами ограничена. Абхазия признана некоторыми странами, но существует мало возможностей для общения с большинством стран в политической, экономической, образовательной и социальной сферах. Для жителей Абхазии отсутствие международного признания также влияет на их способность пересекать границы и путешествовать. В этой статье рассматриваются различные варианты гражданства, доступные членам эстонской диаспоры в Абхазии, и ограничения, налагаемые отсутствием международного признания страны.

Uluslararası toplumun Abhazya'yı da dahil ettiği de facto devletler söz konusu olduğunda, bu ülkelerin uluslararası alanda tanınması kritik bir konudur. Kalıcı bir nüfusa, tanımlanmış bir bölgeye ve işleyen bir hükümete sahip olmalarına rağmen, diğer devletlerle ilişki kurma yetenekleri sınırlıdır. Abhazya bazı ülkeler tarafından tanınıyor, ancak siyasi, ekonomik, eğitim ve sosyal alanlarda ülkelerin çoğuyla iletişim kurmak için çok az olanağı var. Uluslararası tanınırlığın sınırlı olması, Abhazya halkının sınır geçme ve seyahat etme özgürlüğünü de etkiliyor. Bu durum Abhazya'da yaşayan etnik diasporaları da etkilemekte, anavatanlarıyla ilişkilerini sürdürmeleri ciddi şekilde sekteye uğramaktadır. Bu makale, Abhazya'daki Eston diasporası üyeleri için mevcut olan farklı vatandaşlık seçeneklerini ve ülkenin uluslararası tanınma eksikliğinin getirdiği sınırlamaları incelemektedir. Çalışma, yasal kısıtlamaların anavatan ile bağların sürdürülmesini nasıl engellediğini incelemekte ve bu engelleri aşmanın olası yollarını araştırmaktadır.

In the case of de facto states, among which the international community includes Abkhazia, the international recognition of these countries is a critical issue. Although they have a permanent population, a defined territory and a functioning government, their ability to engage with other states is limited. Abkhazia is recognized by some countries, but there are few opportunities for communication with the majority of countries in the political, economic, educational and social spheres. For inhabitants of Abkhazia, the lack of international recognition also affects their ability to cross borders and travel – it is not possible to cross borders with a passport of an unrecognized state. This also affects ethnic diasporas living in Abkhazia, whose ability to maintain translocal relations with their homeland has been severely disrupted. This article examines the different citizenship options available to the members of the Estonian diaspora in Abkhazia and the limitations imposed by the country's lack of international recognition. The study examines how legal restrictions hinder the maintenance of ties with the homeland and explores possible ways to overcome these obstacles.

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