<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>joeep</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2651-5318</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Seyfettin ERDOĞAN</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>An Empirical Review Over Effects Of Tax Amnesties On Tax Revenues</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Vergi Aflarının Vergi Gelirlerine Etkisi Üzerine Ampirik Bir İnceleme</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-2103</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Gözen</surname>
                                    <given-names>Serhat</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KÜTAHYA DUMLUPINAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-5842</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Temür</surname>
                                    <given-names>Yusuf</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TOKAT GAZIOSMANPASA UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20221230">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2022</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>7</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>599</fpage>
                                        <lpage>610</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20221124">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20221224">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>JOEEP: Journal of Emerging Economies and Policy</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Since the second half of the 20th century, tax amnesties have been applied in many countries for primarily economic, political, financial, economic, psychological and social reasons. However, while tax amnesties, which are frequently applied, are a beneficial practice for taxpayers, they may cause disruption in the timely and full collection of public revenues. It is a fact that this situation affects taxpayers&#039; tax compliance negatively. In this case, considering that 36 tax amnesty laws entered into force in Turkey between 1924 and 2017, the effect of this situation on tax revenues will certainly point to an important result. For this reason, it is aimed to quantitatively reveal the relationship between tax amnesties and tax revenues in this study. With the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) made for the years 1980-2016, the effect of tax amnesties on tax revenues was analyzed. In the VECM analysis, it is seen that the effect of tax amnesties on tax revenues is quite low.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>20. yy. ikinci yarısından itibaren pek çok ülkede başta ekonomik olmak üzere siyasal, mali, ekonomik, psikolojik ve sosyal nedenlerle vergi afları uygulandığı görülmektedir. Ancak sıklıkla uygulanan vergi afları mükellefler için faydalı bir uygulama olurken kamu gelirinin zamanında ve tam olarak tahsil edilmesi noktasında aksaklık oluşturabilmektedir. Öyle ki bu durum mükelleflerin vergiye uyumunu olumsuz etkileyebilmektedir. Bu durumda Türkiye’de 1924-2017 döneminde 36 tane vergi affına yönelik kanunun yürürlüğü girdiği de dikkate alındığında bu durumun vergi gelirlerine olan etkisi de muhakkak önemli bir sonuca işaret edecektir.  Bu nedenle çalışmada vergi afları ve vergi gelirleri arasındaki ilişkinin niceliksel olarak ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. 1980-2016 yılları için yapılan Vektör Hata Düzeltme Modeli (VECM) ile vergi aflarının vergi gelirleri üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. VECM analiziyle vergi aflarının vergi gelirleri üzerindeki etkisinin oldukça düşük olduğu tespit edilmiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Vergi Affı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Vergi Uyumu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Vergi Gelirleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  VECM Analizi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Tax Amnesties</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tax Compliance</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tax Revenues</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  VECM Analysis</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akbelen, Z., Aydın, Z. B. ve Polat, O. (2018). Türkiye’de Vergi Aflarının Vergi Gelirleri Üzerine Etkisi: Ampirik Bir Analiz, Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 6 (64), 255-270.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aksümer, E. (2014). Geçmişten Günümüze vergi Afları ve Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi. Lebib Yalkın Mevzuat Dergisi, (129): 1-11.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alm, J. and Beck, W. (1993). Tax Amnesties and Compliance in the Long Run: A Time Series Analysis. National Tax Journal. XLV (1): 53-60.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alm, J., Wazquez, J.M. and Wallace, S. (2009). Do Tax Amnesties Work? The Revenue Effects of Tax Amnesties During the Transition in Russian Federation. Economic Analysis &amp; Policy. 39(2): 235-253.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Arıkan, Z. &amp; Yurtsever, H. (2004). Türkiye’de Mali Affın Nedenleri, Etkileri ve Sonuçları-I. Yaklaşım Dergisi, (136): 59-64.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Aygün, R., (2012). Vergi Afları ve Vergiye Uyumuna Etkisi. Vergi Dünyası, (369): 88-92.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Baer, K., &amp; LeBorgne, E. (2008). Tax Amnesties: Theory, Trends, and Some Alternatives. International Monetary Fund.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bayer, R.C., Oberhofer, H. &amp; Winner, H. (2014). The Occurence of Tax Amnesties: Theory and Evidence. Oxford University Centre for Business Taxation. Working Paper, 14/02.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Borgne, L. E. (2006). Economic and Political Determinants of Tax Amnesties in the US States. IMF Working Paper. WP/06/222.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bozdoğan, D. ve Şimşek, T. (2018). An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Tax Amnesties on Tax Incomes Between 1980-2014 in Turkey, International Journal of Eurasia Social Sciences, 9 (32), 1036-1046.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cooley, Thomas F., &amp; Stephen F. LeRoy. (1985). Atheoretical Macroeconomics: A Critique. Journal of Monetary Economics, 283-308.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çetin, G. (2007). Vergi Aflarının Vergi Mükelleflerinin Tutum ve Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi. 14(2): 171-187.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Engle, R.F. &amp; Granger, C.W.J. (1987). Co-integration and error-correction: Representation, estimation and testing. Econometrica, 55: 251-256.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fox, W.F. &amp; Murray, M.N. (2011). Bayesian Analysis of the Effect of Amnesties on Tax Revenues and Filing Rates Using a Longitudinal Data Model with Endogenous Switching. Center for Business and Economic Research University of Tennessee, February. 1-47.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Glynn J., Perera N. &amp; Verma R. (2007). Unit Root Tests and Structural Breaks: A Survey with Applications. Revista de métodos cuantitativos para la economίa y la impresa, 3: 63-79.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Güler, H. (2020), Türkiye’de Vergi Aflarının Vergi Gelirleri Üzerindeki Etkisinin Olay Analiziyle Ölçülmesi, Gaziantep Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19 (1), 256-273.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">İçellioğlu, C. Ş. ve Öztürk, M. B. E. (2018). Bitcoin ile seçili döviz kurları arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması: 2013-2017 Dönemi için Johansen testi ve Granger nedensellik testi. Maliye ve Finans Yazıları, 1(109), 51-70.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kahraman, K. G. ve Yalaman, G. Ö. (2021), Türkiye’de Vergi Aflarının Etkileri: Ampirik Bir Uygulama, Vergi Sorunları, 44 (388), 59-69.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kara, H. (2014). The Effects of Tax Amnesties on Tax Revenue and Shadow Economy in Turkey. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ankara: Ortadoğu Teknik Üniversitesi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karagöz, K. (2022). Vergi Afları Vergi Gelirlerini Artırıyor Mu? Türkiye İçin Müdahale Analizinden Bulgular. Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8 (1), 37-56.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kargı, V. (2011). Türkiye’de Vergi Aflarının Vergi Gelirlerine Etkisi. ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(13): 101–115.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaya, A. (2014). Vergi Aflarının Vergi Gelirlerine Etkisi: Türkiye Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz. Maliye Dergisi. (167): 184-199.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kearney, C. ve Monadjemı, M. (1990). Fiscal Policy and Current Account: International Evidence on the Twin Deficit. Journal of Macroeconomics. 12(2): 197– 217.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Keating, J.W. (1990). Identifying VAR Models Under Rational Expectations. Journal of Monetary Economics, (25): 453-476.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kilonzo, T. M. (2012). The effects of tax amnesty on revenue growth in Kenya. Doctoral dissertation. Kenya: University of Nairobi.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kumar, V. Robert, L. &amp; Gaskings, J.N. (1995). Aggregate and Disaggregate Sector Forecasting Using Consumer Confidence Measures. International Journal of Forecasting Elsevier, 11(3): 361-377.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lopez-Laborda, J. &amp; Rodrigo, F. (2003). Tax Amnesties and Income Tax Compliance: The Case of Spain. Fiscal Studies, 24(1), 73-96.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Luitel, H.S. and Sobel, R.S. (2007). The Revenue Impact of Repeated Tax Amnesties. Public Budgeting and Finance, 27: 19-38.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Luitel, H.S. &amp; Mahar, G.J. (2013). Is a Tax Amnesty a Good Fiscal Policy? A Review of State Experience in the USA. (17.02.2018), https://econpapers.repec.org/article/eblecbull/eb-13-00171.htm</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mikesell, J.L. (1986). Amnesties for State Tax Evaders: The Nature of and Response to Recent Programs. National Tax Journal, 39(4): 507-525.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Narinoğlu, R. (1991). 1923 Yılından Sonra Çıkarılan Vergi Af Yasalarının Kapsamları ve Değerlendirilmesi. Vergi Sorunları. (5): 26-40.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özek, Ç. (1958). Umumi Af. İstanbul Hukuk Fakültesi Mecmuası. 24(1-4): 118-175.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Saban, N. (2001). Vergi Suçlarında Affı Anayasa ile Sorunsallaştırmak. Anayasa Yargısı, 17 (1), 451-475.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Savaşan, F. (2006). Vergi Afları: Teori ve Türkiye Uygulamaları (“Vergi Barış” Uygulama Sonuçları).  Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi. 8(1): 41-61.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şanver, C. (2018). Türkiye’de 1980 Sonrası Vergi Afları ve Kamu Gelirleri Açısından Etkinliği, AİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 18 (2), 35-63.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Şenyüz, D. (2014). Hukuk Devleti Perspektifinden Adil Vergileme ve Vergi Afları. Tesam Akademi Dergisi, 1(2). 81-96.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tarı, R. ve Bozkurt, H. (2006). Türkiye’de İstikrarsız Büyümenin VAR Modelleriyle Analizi (1991.1-2004.3). İstanbul Üniversitesi Ekonometri ve İstatistik Dergisi, (4): 1-16.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Taşkın, Y. (2010). Vergi Aflarının Hukuki Niteliği ve Gerekçeleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. (2): 122-128.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Türk Dil Kurumu Sözlükleri (2022). Deyim ve Atasözü. (Erişim: 17.12.2022), https://sozluk.gov.tr/ (17.12.2022).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sanchez, M., &amp; Miguel, A. (2017). On the effects of repeated tax amnesties. Journal of Economics and Political Economy, 4(3), 285-301.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yaraşır, S. (2013). Vergi Afları ve Türkiye’deki Vergi Aflarının Değerlendirilmesi. Vergi Dünyası, (379): 175-187.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
