Investigation of Ballast Water Treatment System Selection Parameters and Cost Analysis: Tanker Ship Application

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 21 - 37, 25.06.2025

Serkan Barış , Sayit Ozbey , İsmet Tıkız

https://doi.org/10.58771/joinmet.1638809

Öz

Ballast water is taken into the tanks of ships to ensure stability during voyages, but it also contributes to the spread of invasive species, causing ecological and economic damage. To address this problem, the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments was introduced in 2017, which sets D2 standards to regulate the number and size of organisms in ballast water. The aim of this study is to identify the key factors in the selection of a ballast water treatment system and to calculate the costs associated with a tanker ship. Through a literature review, important parameters affecting the selection of ballast water treatment systems were identified. Based on these parameters, the most suitable system for a chemical tanker was determined and a cost analysis was performed. The study specifically focused on the hydrocyclone UV ballast water treatment system and evaluated both installation and operating costs. The findings show that the hydrocyclone UV system is the most suitable option for chemical tankers in accordance with international regulations. The research emphasises that the initial installation cost as well as operating costs should be considered in the decision-making process. The results provide valuable information to shipowners and operators in selecting an efficient and cost-effective ballast water treatment system that meets regulatory requirements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ballast water , BWM , tanker ship , cost analysis

Balast Suyu Arıtma Sistemi Seçim Parametrelerinin İncelenmesi ve Maliyet Analizi: Tanker Gemisi Uygulaması

Öz

Balast suyu, seferler sırasında dengeyi sağlamak için gemilerin tanklarına alınır, ancak aynı zamanda istilacı türlerin yayılmasına katkıda bulunarak ekolojik ve ekonomik zarara neden olur. Bu sorunu ele almak için, balast suyundaki organizmaların sayısını ve boyutunu düzenlemek için D2 standartlarını belirleyen Gemilerin Balast Suyu ve Sedimanlarının Kontrolü ve Yönetimi için Uluslararası Sözleşme 2017 yılında uygulamaya konmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir balast suyu arıtma sisteminin seçimindeki temel faktörleri belirlemek ve bir tanker gemisi ile ilgili maliyetleri hesaplamaktır. Literatür taraması yoluyla, balast suyu arıtma sistemlerinin seçimini etkileyen önemli parametreler belirlenmiştir. Bu parametrelere dayanarak, bir kimyasal tanker için en uygun sistem belirlenmiş ve bir maliyet analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma özellikle hidrosiklon UV balast suyu arıtma sistemine odaklanmış ve hem kurulum hem de işletme maliyetlerini değerlendirmiştir. Bulgular, hidrosiklon UV sisteminin kimyasal tankerler için uluslararası yönetmeliklere uygun en uygun seçenek olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırma, karar verme sürecinde ilk kurulum maliyetinin yanı sıra işletme giderlerinin de göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Sonuçlar, mevzuat gerekliliklerini karşılayan verimli ve uygun maliyetli bir balast suyu arıtma sistemi seçme konusunda armatörlere ve operatörlere değerli bilgiler sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balast suyu , BWM , tanker gemisi , maliyet analizi

Kaynakça

• Albert, R. J., Lishman, J. M., & Saxena, J. R. (2013). Ballast water regulations and the move toward concentration-based numeric discharge limits. Ecological Applications, 23(2), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-0669.1
• Aşıkoğlu, B. (2014). Alternative Methods For Removing Of Invasive Species Emanating From Ships’ Ballast Water. http://hdl.handle.net/11527/13142
• Balajt, R., & Yaakob, O. B. (2011). Emerging ballast water treatment technologies: A review. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 6(1), 126–138.
• Başhan, V., & Kaya, A. (2022). Operation cost analysis of UV-based ballast water treatment system used on a bulk carrier ship. Environmental Research and Technology, 5(4), 349–356. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1191003
• Başhan, V., Sönmez, H., & Gonca, G. (2016, December 9). Bir Yük Gemisinin Balast Operasyonunun Ekonomik ve Ekolojik Analizi. 1st International Congress on Ship and Marine Technology.
• Battal Sal, O., & Cubuk, K. (2022). A fuzzy multi-criteria assessment model for feasibility studies of transportation projects. Politecnic Journal, 25(3), 1191–1199. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.881067
• Bilgin Güney, C. (2018). Imo Balast Suyu Sözleşmesi’ne Göre Gemilerde Balast Suyu Yönetimi Ve Güncel Değişiklikler. GİDB J., 2, 21–36.
• Čampara, L., Slišković, M., & Mrčelić, G. J. (2019). Key ballast water management regulations with a view on ballast water management systems type approval process. Nase More, 66(2), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.17818/NM/2019/2.5
• Elcicek, H., & Çakmakci, M. (2016). Detection of Fecal Indicator Bacteria in Ship Ballast Water. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 34(3), 307–315.
• Eleyadath, L., Machinchery, P., & Achari, V. (2021). An overview on the treatment of ballast water in ships. Ocean & Coastal Management, 199, 105296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2020.105296
• Gonçalves, A. A., & Gagnon, G. A. (2012). Recent technologies for ballast water treatment. Ozone: Science and Engineering, 34(3), 174–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2012.663708
• Güney, C. B. (2011). Electrochemical Cell Application For Ballast Water Treatment.
• Güney, C. B. (2017). Balast Suyu Arıtım Sistemleri (Issue March). https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35475.78881
• International Maritime Organization. (2017). International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM). https://www.imo.org/en/About/Conventions/Pages/International-Convention-for-the-Control-and-Management-of-Ships%27-Ballast-Water-and-Sediments-(BWM).aspx
• Joyce, E., Phull, S. S., Lorimer, J. P., & Mason, T. J. (2003). The development and evaluation of ultrasound for the treatment of bacterial suspensions. A study of frequency, power and sonication time on cultured Bacillus species. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 10(6), 315–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4177(03)00101-9
• Kato, S., & Kansha, Y. (2024). Comprehensive review of industrial wastewater treatment techniques. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(39), 51064–51097. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34584-0
• Kukner, A., & Yasa, A. M. (2018). Balast suyu aritma sı̇stemlerı̇nı̇n mevcut durumu. February.
• McCluskey, D., & Holdø, A. (2009). Optimizing the hydrocyclone for ballast water treatment using computational fluid dynamics. The International Journal of Multiphysics, 3(3), 221–234. https://doi.org/10.1260/175095409788922310
• Özbay, İ., Aksoy, C., Özbay, B., & Sayin, F. E. (2024). Port waste reception facilities in iron-steel industry: A case study from Türkiye. Sigma Journal of Engineering and Natural Sciences, 42(3), 845–853. https://doi.org/10.14744/sigma.2024.00075
• Quilez-Badia, G., McCollin, T., Josefsen, K. D., Vourdachas, A., Gill, M. E., Mesbahi, E., & Frid, C. L. J. (2008). On board short-time high temperature heat treatment of ballast water: A field trial under operational conditions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 56(1), 127–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.09.036
• Rivas-Hermann, R., Köhler, J., & Scheepens, A. E. (2015). Innovation in product and services in the shipping retrofit industry: A case study of ballast water treatment systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 106(April 2014), 443–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.06.062
• Sanlıer, S. (2019). Ballast water regulations of IMO and USCG in international marine trade. Eurasian Journal of Social and Economic Research (EJSER), 6(4), 54–66.
• Satir, T. (2014). Ballast water treatment systems: design, regulations, and selection under the choice varying priorities. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21(18), 10686–10695. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3087-1
• Stehouwer, P. (2016). Effects of various ballast water treatment methods on the survival of phytoplankton and bacteria. In Royal Netherland Institute for Sea Research (Issue June). https://www.narcis.nl/publication/RecordID/oai%3Aimis.nioz.nl%3A259565
• Tokus, M. (2019). Ballast Water Treatment System Integration and Life Cycle Cost Analysis for Dry Bulk Carrier. Journal of Eta Maritime Science, 7(3), 196–210. https://doi.org/10.5505/jems.2019.69672
• Vorkapić, A., Radonja, R., & Zec, D. (2018). Cost Efficiency of Ballast Water Treatment Systems Based on Ultraviolet Irradiation and Electrochlorination. Promet-Traffic & Transportation, 30(3), 343–348. https://doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v30i3.2564
• Vural, G., & Yonsel, F. (2015). Balast suyu arıtım sistemlerinde mevcut durum. GİDB Journal, 4, 3–24.
• Wang, Z., & Corbett, J. J. (2021). Scenario-based cost-effectiveness analysis of ballast water treatment strategies. Management of Biological Invasions, 12(1), 108–124. https://doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2021.12.1.08
• Yazır, D., & Gedik, D. (2022). Ballast Water Treatment System Selection for Ships with 500- 1500 m3/h Ballast Discharge Capacity with Analytical Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process. Mersin University Journal of Maritime and Logistics Research, 4(2), 129–162. https://doi.org/10.54410/denlojad.1116053
• Yonsel, F., & Vural, G. (2017). KPI (Key performance indicators) application on ballast water treatment system selection. Brodogradnja, 68(3), 67–84. https://doi.org/10.21278/brod68305