Evaluation of thermal tourism potential of Şırnak

Aysen Ercan İştin; Gökhan Kadırhan; Sedat Çelik; Mahmut Tahir Nalbantçılar; Ayşen Davraz

doi:10.31822/jomat.2025-10-2-165

EN

Evaluation of thermal tourism potential of Şırnak

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify the existing geothermal resources in Şırnak Province, determine their characteristics, and assess their potential for thermal tourism. Fieldwork was conducted on two different dates during the research, and samples were taken from 10 sources at 5 different locations. The parameters of ECI, pH, and temperature were measured at the sources. The collected samples were then analyzed in accordance with the provisions of the "Hot Springs Regulation" published in the Official Gazette dated 24.07.2001 and numbered 24472, at the Diyarbakır Public Health Laboratory under the Provincial Health Directorate. The results were evaluated in terms of public health. As a result of the research conducted at 5 locations, it was determined that the Beytüşşebap-Ilıcak geothermal area (43.3°C) and the Güçlükonak-Belkıs Main Geothermal Area (62.8°C) are suitable for thermal tourism. It was also found that the other sources could be used for wellness purposes. Recommendations regarding the measures to be taken for these locations to become thermal tourism centers were also presented.

Keywords

Thermal Tourism, Health Tourism, Geothermal, Şırnak.

Supporting Institution

ŞIRNAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ KOORDİNASYON BİRİMİ

Project Number

2021..ÖNAP.11.03.01

References

Akın, S., Kalay, O., Toprak, A., Hangün, S., İba, H., & Kadırhan, İ. (2006). Şırnak İli Çevre Durum Raporu. T.C. Şırnak Valiliği İl Çevre ve Orman Müdürlüğü. https://www.yumpu.com/tr/document/read/38118507/srnak-ili-cevre-durum-raporu-cevresel-etki-degerlendirme-planlama-#google_vignette
Aslanova, K. (2013). Türkiye’de Sağlık Turizmi ve Sağlık Turizmi Hukuku. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2(3), 129-145.
Baba, A., Akkuş,İ., Şaroglu, F., Özel, N., Yeşilnacar, M.İ., Nalbantçılar, M.T., Demir, M., Gökçen, G., Arslan, Ş.., Yazdani, H., Kuzgunkaya, E., & Dursun, N. (2015). Güney Doğu Bölgesindeki (GAP) Jeotermal Kaynakların Hidrojeokimyasal Özellikleri. III. Jeotermal Kaynaklar Sempozyumu, 04-06 Kasım-Ankara.
Bekişoğlu, Ş., & Özel, N. (2002). Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi Termal Su Kaynaklarının Seracılık ve Termal Turizmde Değerlendirilmesi, ÇESAV: Ankara.
Boekstein, M. (2014). Tourism, health and the changing role of thermal springs – Should South Africa reposition its thermal spring tourism product? African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 3, 1–8.
Brandão, F., Liberato, D., Teixeira, A.S., & Liberato, P. (2021). Motives for Thermal Tourism: An Application to North and Central Portugal. Sustainability, 13, 12688. https:// doi.org/10.3390/su132212688
Chrobak, A., Ugolini, F., Pearlmutter, D., & Raschi A. (2020). Thermal tourism and geoheritage: examining visitor motivations and perceptions. Resources, 9(5), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/resources9050058
COMCEC (2020). Developing Medical Tourism in the OIC Member Countries. COMCEC Coordination Office. https://www.comcec.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Developing-Medical-Tourism-in-the-OIC-Countries-Report.pdf
Çelik, S., & Çoşkun, E. (2015). TRC3 Bölgesi ( Mardin, Batman, Siirt, Şırnak). , I. Eurasia International Tourism Congress: Current Issues, Trends and İndicators (EITOC) Bildiriler Kitabı,3, ss.583-592
DİKA (2018). Şırnak Enerji ve Maden Potansiyeli, Edit. İbrahim Baz, Dilan Alp, Öykü Bilgin, Eğitim Yayınevi:Konya.

Erfurt-Cooper, P. (2010). The Importance of Natural Geothermal Resources in Tourism. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Bali, Indonesia.
Esiyok, B., Kurtulmuşoğlu, F. B., & Özdemir, A. (2018). Heterogeneity in the determinants of length of stay across middle age and senior age groups in thermal tourism. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35, 531–540. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 10548408.2017.1374906
Goodrich, J. N. (1994) Health Tourism:, Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 6:3-4, 227-238, DOI: 10.1300/J046v06n03_12
Gustavo, N. S. (2010). A 21st-Century Approach to Health Tourism Spas: The Case of Portugal. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 17(1), 127–135. doi:10.1375/jhtm.17.1.127
Gülen, K.G., & Demirci, S. (2012), Türkiye’de Sağlık Turizmi Sektörü, İstanbul Ticaret Odası (İTO) , Yayın No:2011 – 39, İstanbul.
Gümüş, S., & Polat N. (2012) Sağlık Turizminde Pazarlama Değişkenlerine Bir Bakış ve İstanbul Örneği. İstanbul: Hiperlink Yayınları.
Güven, R. G. (2010). Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinin Önemli Bazı Sıcak Su Kaplıcaları. Diyarbakır Tarım, Doğa ve Çevre Sempozyumu, 228-237.
Index Anatolicus, (2023), Türkiye yerleşim birimleri envanteri, https://www.nisanyanyeradlari.com/?y=Ba%C5%9Fa%C4%9Fa%C3%A7&ul=Hepsi&o=c&s=1&n=0, 03.11.2023)
Kusdibyo, L. (2022). Tourist loyalty to hot springs destination: the role of tourist motivation, destination image, and tourist satisfaction. Leisure, 46(3), 381-408. doi: 10.1080/14927713.2021.1986420.
Lee, C. F., & King, B. (2009). A determination of destination competitiveness for Taiwan’s hot springs tourism sector using the Delphi technique. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 15(3), 243–257. doi:10.1177/1356766709104270
Letunovska, N., Kwilinski, A., & Kaminska, B. (2020). Scientific Research in the Health Tourism Market: A Systematic Literature Review. Health Economics and Management Review, 1, 8-19. http://doi.org/10.21272/hem.2020.1-01
Loh, C. (2015). Trends and structural shifts in health tourism: Evidence from seasonal time-series data on health-related travel spending by Canada during 1970–2010. Social Science & Medicine, 132(), 173–180. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.03.036
Mi, C., Chen, Y., Cheng, C.S., Uwanyirigira, J.L., & Lin, C.T. (2019). Exploring the Determinants of Hot Spring Tourism Customer Satisfaction: Causal Relationships Analysis Using ISM. Sustainability, 11, 1-20.
Nikoli, G., & Lazakidou, A. (2019). ? review of thermal tourism in Europe and Greece. An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 67(3),318-322.
Oyuryüz Şenel, Z., & Gürel, A. (2012). Humik Maddelerin Sağlık Sektöründe Kullanımı Ve Girişimcilik Faaliyetleri. SAÜ Fen Edebiyat Dergisi, 351-361.
Özel, N. (2001). GAP Bölgesinin Jeolojisi Maden ve Enerji Kaynakları.
Özkan, O. (2020). Dünya Sağlık Turizmi’nin Gelişimi ve Öncü Ülkeler. Sağlık Turizmi içinde, Hüseyin Güneş (Edit), ss. 431-480, Ankara: İksad Yayınları.
Özşahin, E., & Kaymaz, Ç. K. (2013). Türkiye’nin Termal Su Kaynaklarının Coğrafi Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 50, 25-38.
Ridderstaat, J., Singh, D., & DeMicco, F. (2019). The impact of major tourist markets on health tourism spending in the United States. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, (), S2212571X17304304–. doi:10.1016/j.jdmm.2018.05.003
Romanova, G., Vetitnev, A., & Dimanche, F. (2015). Health and wellness tourism (Ch. 7). In F. Dimanche & L. Andrades (Eds.), Tourism in Russia: A management handbook (pp. 231-287). Bingley, UK: Emerald.
Salehi-Esfahani, S., Ridderstaat, J., & Ozturk, A. B. (2021). Health tourism in a developed country with a dominant tourism market: the case of the United States’ travellers to Canada. Current Issues in Tourism, 24(4), 536–553. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2020.1724081
Wang, W. C., & Lin, C. H. (2021). A Model for Sustainable Tourism Development of Hot Spring Destinations Following Poverty Alleviation: Understanding the Tourists’ Perspective. Sustainability, 13, 1-14. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su13179856
Wu, X. (2023). Research on the Development Status of Hot Spring Tourism Resorts in Northern Guangdong Mountainous Areas from the Perspective of Data Footprint. Proceedings of the 2022 3rd International Conference on Big Data and Social Sciences (ICBDSS 2022), Atlantis Highlights in Computer Sciences, 167-174. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-064-0_19
Yen, C. L. Kyutoku, Y., & Dan, I. (2017): Exploring Tourists’ Perceptions of Traditional and Contemporary Hot Springs Hotels in Japan, International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, DOI: 10.1080/15256480.2017.1324341
Yu, T. (2015). Study on the sustainable development of the hot spring tourism in Heyuan City, International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials, Atlantis Prenss.
Zhong, L., Deng, B., Morrison, A.M., Coca-Stefaniak, J.A., & Yang, L. (2021). Medical, Health and Wellness Tourism Research-A Review of the Literature (1970-2020) and Research Agenda. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(20), 10875. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182010875. PMID: 34682622; PMCID: PMC8536053.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Tourism (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Aysen Ercan İştin
0000-0002-7622-361X
Türkiye

Gökhan Kadırhan
0000-0001-6011-7786
Türkiye

Sedat Çelik
0000-0002-4541-6355
Türkiye

Mahmut Tahir Nalbantçılar
Türkiye

Ayşen Davraz
0000-0003-2442-103X
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

April 2, 2025

Publication Date

July 31, 2025

Submission Date

May 5, 2024

Acceptance Date

April 1, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 10 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2025-10-2-165

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA63WT48LS

APA

Ercan İştin, A., Kadırhan, G., Çelik, S., Nalbantçılar, M. T., & Davraz, A. (2025). Evaluation of thermal tourism potential of Şırnak. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, 10(2), 165-171. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2025-10-2-165

AMA

1.Ercan İştin A, Kadırhan G, Çelik S, Nalbantçılar MT, Davraz A. Evaluation of thermal tourism potential of Şırnak. Jomat. 2025;10(2):165-171. doi:10.31822/jomat.2025-10-2-165

Chicago

Ercan İştin, Aysen, Gökhan Kadırhan, Sedat Çelik, Mahmut Tahir Nalbantçılar, and Ayşen Davraz. 2025. “Evaluation of Thermal Tourism Potential of Şırnak”. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism 10 (2): 165-71. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2025-10-2-165.

EndNote

Ercan İştin A, Kadırhan G, Çelik S, Nalbantçılar MT, Davraz A (August 1, 2025) Evaluation of thermal tourism potential of Şırnak. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism 10 2 165–171.

IEEE

[1]A. Ercan İştin, G. Kadırhan, S. Çelik, M. T. Nalbantçılar, and A. Davraz, “Evaluation of thermal tourism potential of Şırnak”, Jomat, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 165–171, Aug. 2025, doi: 10.31822/jomat.2025-10-2-165.

ISNAD

Ercan İştin, Aysen - Kadırhan, Gökhan - Çelik, Sedat - Nalbantçılar, Mahmut Tahir - Davraz, Ayşen. “Evaluation of Thermal Tourism Potential of Şırnak”. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism 10/2 (August 1, 2025): 165-171. https://doi.org/10.31822/jomat.2025-10-2-165.

JAMA

1.Ercan İştin A, Kadırhan G, Çelik S, Nalbantçılar MT, Davraz A. Evaluation of thermal tourism potential of Şırnak. Jomat. 2025;10:165–171.

MLA

Ercan İştin, Aysen, et al. “Evaluation of Thermal Tourism Potential of Şırnak”. Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Tourism, vol. 10, no. 2, Aug. 2025, pp. 165-71, doi:10.31822/jomat.2025-10-2-165.

Vancouver

1.Aysen Ercan İştin, Gökhan Kadırhan, Sedat Çelik, Mahmut Tahir Nalbantçılar, Ayşen Davraz. Evaluation of thermal tourism potential of Şırnak. Jomat. 2025 Aug. 1;10(2):165-71. doi:10.31822/jomat.2025-10-2-165

All the contents of this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 License * and available as full open access.

* JOMAT implemented a phased transition in its licensing policy between 2022 and 2023. Articles published prior to this transition were licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) license. As of 2024, all newly published articles are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license.

Evaluation of thermal tourism potential of Şırnak

Abstract

Keywords

Abstract

Supporting Institution

Project Number

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Early Pub Date

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite