Research Article

Association of serum HIF-1α levels with mortality and ICU admission in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective cohort study

Volume: 6 Number: 3 June 18, 2025
EN TR

Association of serum HIF-1α levels with mortality and ICU admission in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective cohort study

Abstract

Aims: SARS-CoV-2 infection can trigger a dysregulated immune response, including cytokine storm syndrome (CSS), which exacerbates respiratory failure through heightened pro-inflammatory mediators and hypoxemia. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) orchestrates cellular adaptation to hypoxia by shifting metabolism toward glycolysis. Prior studies present varying evidence regarding HIF-1α’s role in acute inflammatory states. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of hypoxia inducible factor 1a (HIF-1a) in predicting mortality, ward and intensive care unit (ICU) admission requirements. Methods: The study was performed as a single center prospective study in a tertiary center. Hospitalized patients with at least one positive nasopharyngeal COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test were included in the study. White blood cell count, thrombocyte count, lactate levels, fibrinogen, D-dimer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, ferritin, interleukin 6 (IL-6) troponin, partial oxygen, and partial carbon dioxide pressure from arterial blood gas sampling were recorded. Results: Of 127 screened, 80 participants completed the study (mean age 66.1±17.2 years; 54% male). Thirty-day mortality was 21.3% (n=17). Median BNP (529 vs. 1,957 pg/ml), ferritin (256 vs. 598.5 ng/ml), and IL-6 (14 vs. 101 pg/ml) were significantly higher in non-survivors (p=0.043, 0.003, and 0.001, respectively). Survivors exhibited lower median HIF-1α (0.85 vs. 1.20 ng/ml), but this difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Subgroup analyses by CURB-65 and ICU status similarly revealed no significant HIF-1α differences. HIF-1α did not correlate with any inflammatory markers. HIF-1α levels at admission did not significantly predict ICU care or mortality. This may reflect HIF-1α’s pro- and anti-inflammatory roles and variability in sampling timing relative to disease onset. Current literature suggests both protective and detrimental HIF-1α effects, complicating its prognostic utility. Conclusion: Admission HIF-1α alone does not predict clinical outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19. Studies incorporating serial measurements and baseline controls are warranted to evaluate HIF-1α’s involvement in COVID-19 pathophysiology.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Emergency Medicine

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 18, 2025

Submission Date

May 13, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 7, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 6 Number: 3

APA
Yurtseven, A., Yılmaz Aydın, Y., Ensarioğlu, K., Kavalcı, C., Aydın, K., & Uçar, F. (2025). Association of serum HIF-1α levels with mortality and ICU admission in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective cohort study. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, 6(3), 258-264. https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1698833
AMA
1.Yurtseven A, Yılmaz Aydın Y, Ensarioğlu K, Kavalcı C, Aydın K, Uçar F. Association of serum HIF-1α levels with mortality and ICU admission in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective cohort study. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2025;6(3):258-264. doi:10.47582/jompac.1698833
Chicago
Yurtseven, Aynur, Yasemin Yılmaz Aydın, Kerem Ensarioğlu, Cemil Kavalcı, Kemal Aydın, and Fatma Uçar. 2025. “Association of Serum HIF-1α Levels With Mortality and ICU Admission in Hospitalized Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Prospective Cohort Study”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 6 (3): 258-64. https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1698833.
EndNote
Yurtseven A, Yılmaz Aydın Y, Ensarioğlu K, Kavalcı C, Aydın K, Uçar F (June 1, 2025) Association of serum HIF-1α levels with mortality and ICU admission in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective cohort study. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 6 3 258–264.
IEEE
[1]A. Yurtseven, Y. Yılmaz Aydın, K. Ensarioğlu, C. Kavalcı, K. Aydın, and F. Uçar, “Association of serum HIF-1α levels with mortality and ICU admission in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective cohort study”, J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 258–264, June 2025, doi: 10.47582/jompac.1698833.
ISNAD
Yurtseven, Aynur - Yılmaz Aydın, Yasemin - Ensarioğlu, Kerem - Kavalcı, Cemil - Aydın, Kemal - Uçar, Fatma. “Association of Serum HIF-1α Levels With Mortality and ICU Admission in Hospitalized Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Prospective Cohort Study”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 6/3 (June 1, 2025): 258-264. https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1698833.
JAMA
1.Yurtseven A, Yılmaz Aydın Y, Ensarioğlu K, Kavalcı C, Aydın K, Uçar F. Association of serum HIF-1α levels with mortality and ICU admission in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective cohort study. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2025;6:258–264.
MLA
Yurtseven, Aynur, et al. “Association of Serum HIF-1α Levels With Mortality and ICU Admission in Hospitalized Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Prospective Cohort Study”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, vol. 6, no. 3, June 2025, pp. 258-64, doi:10.47582/jompac.1698833.
Vancouver
1.Aynur Yurtseven, Yasemin Yılmaz Aydın, Kerem Ensarioğlu, Cemil Kavalcı, Kemal Aydın, Fatma Uçar. Association of serum HIF-1α levels with mortality and ICU admission in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a prospective cohort study. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2025 Jun. 1;6(3):258-64. doi:10.47582/jompac.1698833

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