Güneydoğu Anadolu'da stiloid proses uzamasının görülme sıklığı

Abstract

Özet Giriş: Stiloid çıkıntı, temporal kemiğin alt kısmından uzanan silindirik bir kemik çıkıntısıdır. Uzunluğu 30 mm’den fazla olan stiloid çıkıntı, uzamış stiloid çıkıntı (ESP) olarak tanımlanır ve boğaz ağrısı, disfaji (yutma güçlüğü) ve nörolojik rahatsızlıklar gibi Eagle Sendromu ile ilişkili semptomlara yol açabilir. Stiloid çıkıntının uzamasının kesin etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte, doğuştan gelen uzama, stilo-hiyoid bağın kalsifikasyonu ve bağın tutunduğu bölgelerdeki kemik proliferasyonu gibi nedenler öne sürülmektedir. Bu çalışma, Harran Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi'ne başvuran hastalarda stiloid çıkıntı uzamasının insidansını belirlemeyi ve elde edilen bulguları küresel epidemiyolojik verilerle karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu retrospektif çalışma, Ocak 2023 ile Aralık 2023 tarihleri arasında Harran Üniversitesi Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı’nda tedavi gören 1.107 hastanın (534 erkek, 573 kadın) arşivlenmiş panoramik radyografileri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Stiloid çıkıntının uzunluğu, timpanyik plak ile uç noktası arasından ölçülmüş ve 30 mm’yi aşan ölçümler uzama olarak kaydedilmiştir. Veriler, kategorik değişkenler için Pearson Ki-kare testi ile analiz edilmiştir. İstatistiksel anlamlılık için p < 0.05 kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: İncelenen popülasyonda uzamış stiloid çıkıntı (ESP) prevalansı %8.8 olarak bulunmuştur. Erkekler (%44.3) ve kadınlar (%55.7) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmemiştir (p = 0.420). Ayrıca ESP ile yaş grupları arasında da anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmamıştır (p = 0.451). Ölçülen en uzun stiloid çıkıntı 42 mm, en kısa ise 14 mm’dir. Erkeklerde ortalama uzunluk 22 mm, kadınlarda ise 21 mm olup cinsiyetler arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. ESP tanısı alan hastaların %66’sında sistemik hastalık bulunmazken, en yaygın eşlik eden hastalıklar hipertansiyon (%8.2) ve tip 2 diyabet (%5.2) olmuştur. Sonuç: Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki popülasyonda uzamış stiloid çıkıntı (ESP) prevalansı %8.8 olarak saptanmış olup bu oran, diğer popülasyonlarda bildirilen bulgularla uyumludur. ESP ile cinsiyet veya yaş grupları arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmamıştır. Farklı bölgelerdeki prevalans değişkenliği göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, tanısal doğruluğun artırılması ve olası klinik etkilerin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla CBCT ve BT görüntüleme tekniklerini kullanan ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

• Uzamış stiloid çıkıntı
• Eagle sendromu
• prevalans
• panoramik radyografi
• anatomik varyasyon

The prevalence of styloid process elongation in Southeastern Anatolia

Abstract

Aims: Styloid process is a cylindrical bony projection extending from the inferior part of the temporal bone. A styloid process measuring more than 30 mm in length is defined as elongated styloid process (ESP) and may lead to symptoms associated with Eagle syndrome, such as throat pain, dysphagia, and neurological discomfort. Although the exact etiology of styloid process elongation is not fully understood, proposed causes include congenital elongation, calcification of the stylohyoid ligament, and osseous proliferation at the ligament’s attachment sites. This study is designed to determine the incidence of styloid process elongation in patients attending the Faculty of Dentistry at Harran University and to analyze the findings in relation to global epidemiological data. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted using archived panoramic radiographs of 1.107 patients (534 males, 573 females) treated at the Harran University, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery between January 2023 and December 2023. The length of the styloid process was measured from the tympanic plate to its tip. Elongation was recorded for measurements exceeding 30 mm. The data were analyzed using the Pearson’s Chi-square test for categorical variables. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of ESP in the studied population was found to be 8.8%, with no statistically significant difference between males (44.3%) and females (55.7%) (p=0.420). Additionally, no significant association was identified between ESP and age groups (p=0.451). The longest measured styloid process was 42 mm, while the shortest was 14 mm. The average length was 22 mm in males and 21 mm in females, with no significant difference observed between sexes. Among patients diagnosed with ESP, 66% had no systemic disease; the most common comorbidities were hypertension (8.2%) and type 2 diabetes (5.2%). Conclusion: The prevalence of ESP in the Southeastern Anatolian population was determined to be 8.8%, which is consistent with findings reported in other populations. No significant association was found between ESP and either gender or age groups. Considering the variability in prevalence across different regions, further advanced studies utilizing CBCT and CT imaging techniques are necessary to improve diagnostic accuracy and assess potential clinical implications.

Keywords

• Elongated styloid process
• Eagle syndrome
• prevalence
• panoramic radiography
• anatomical variation

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