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Preterm erken membran rüptüründe yeni bir belirteç olarak maternal nötrofil jelatinaz ilişkili lipokalin: prospektif olgu-kontrol çalışması

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 6, 761 - 766, 27.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1834250

Abstract

Amaç: Preterm erken membran rüptürü (PPROM) ile komplike gebeliklerde maternal serum Nötrofil jelatinaz ile ilişkili lipokalin (NGAL) düzeylerinin tanısal ve prognostik değerini araştırmak.

Yöntemler: Bu prospektif olgu-kontrol çalışmasına, 24–34. gebelik haftaları arasında PPROM tanısı alan 50 gebe ile gestasyonel yaş açısından eşleştirilmiş 50 sağlıklı gebe olmak üzere toplam 100 kadın dahil edildi. Maternal serum NGAL düzeyleri, beyaz kan hücresi (WBC) sayısı, C-reaktif protein (CRP) ve prokalsitonin düzeyleri ölçüldü. Demografik veriler ve perinatal sonuçlar kaydedildi. PPROM grubu, olumsuz perinatal sonuçların gelişimine göre komplike (n=19) ve komplike olmayan (n=31) alt gruplara ayrıldı.

Bulgular: Maternal serum NGAL düzeyleri, kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında PPROM grubunda anlamlı derecede yüksekti (sırasıyla 456.16 ± 146.4 ng/ml ve 301.79 ± 89.7 ng/ml; p < 0.001). PPROM kohortunda NGAL düzeyleri ile doğum haftası (r = -0.353, p = 0.012) ve yenidoğan doğum ağırlığı (r = -0.353, p = 0.012) arasında anlamlı negatif korelasyon saptandı. ROC eğrisi analizi, NGAL’ın PPROM için güçlü bir belirteç olduğunu gösterdi. Ancak komplike ve komplike olmayan PPROM alt grupları arasında NGAL düzeyleri açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (sırasıyla 462.8 ± 153.3 ng/ml ve 431.1 ± 115.1 ng/ml; p = 0.409).

Sonuç: Maternal serum NGAL, PPROM’un tanısında ve daha erken doğum haftası ile düşük doğum ağırlığı gibi olumsuz perinatal sonuçların öngörülmesinde umut vadeden, non-invaziv bir biyobelirteçtir. Artmış NGAL düzeyleri, PPROM’a özgü sistemik inflamatuar durumu yansıtmaktadır. Komplike ve komplike olmayan PPROM’u ayırt etmese de, daha erken doğum ve düşük doğum ağırlığı ile gösterdiği güçlü ilişki, PPROM ile komplike gebeliklerin risk sınıflandırması ve klinik yönetiminde potansiyel değerini vurgulamaktadır.

References

  • Kim HJ, Park KH, Joo E, et al. Expression of inflammatory, angiogenic, and extracellular matrix-related mediators in the cervicovaginal fluid of women with preterm premature rupture of membranes: relationship with acute histological chorioamnionitis. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2023; 89(5):e13697. doi:10.1111/aji.13697
  • Menon R, Richardson LS. Preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes: a disease of the fetal membranes. Semin Perinatol. 2017;41(7):409-419. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2017.07.012
  • Sae-Lin P, Wanitpongpan P. Incidence and risk factors of preterm premature rupture of membranes in singleton pregnancies at Siriraj Hospital. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2019;45(3):573-577. doi:10.1111/jog.13886
  • Xu L, Yang T, Wen M, et al. Frontiers in the etiology and treatment of preterm premature rupture of membrane: from molecular mechanisms to innovative therapeutic strategies. Reprod Sci. 2024;31(4):917-931. doi:10.1007/s43032-023-01411-9
  • Kim HJ, Park KH, Kim YM, Joo E, Ahn K, Shin S. A protein microarray analysis of amniotic fluid proteins for the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes at 23 to 30 weeks of gestation. PLoS One. 2020;15(12): e0244720. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244720
  • Feduniw S, Pruc M, Ciebiera M, et al. Biomarkers for pregnancy latency prediction after preterm premature rupture of membranes-a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(9):8027. doi:10.3390/ijms24098027
  • Romejko K, Markowska M, Niemczyk S. The review of current knowledge on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(13):10470. doi:10.3390/ijms241310470
  • Jaberi SA, Cohen A, D'Souza C, et al. Lipocalin-2: structure, function, distribution and role in metabolic disorders. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;142:112002. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112002
  • Rood KM, Buhimschi IA, Rodewald Millen K, et al. Evidence for participation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (NGAL•MMP-9) complex in the inflammatory response to infection in pregnancies complicated by preterm birth. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2016;76(2):108-117. doi:10.1111/aji.12523
  • Sisti G, Rubin G, Zhou C, Orth T, Schiattarella A. Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin as a predictor of pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2023;163(1):63-74. doi:10.1002/ijgo.14777
  • Lu L, Li C, Deng J, Luo J, Huang C. Maternal serum NGAL in the first trimester of pregnancy is a potential biomarker for the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13: 977254. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.977254
  • Vajrychova M, Kacerovsky M, Tambor V, Hornychova H, Lenco J. Microbial invasion and histological chorioamnionitis upregulate neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(1):12-21. doi:10.3109/ 14767058.2014.991305
  • Skarżyńska E, Jakimiuk A, Issat T, Lisowska-Myjak B. Meconium proteins involved in iron metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(13):6948. doi:10.3390/ijms25136948
  • Nasioudis D, Witkin SS. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and innate immune responses to bacterial infections. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2015;204(4):471-479. doi:10.1007/s00430-015-0394-1

Maternal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a novel biomarker in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: a prospective case-control study

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 6, 761 - 766, 27.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.47582/jompac.1834250

Abstract

Aims: To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of maternal serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM).
Methods: This prospective case-control study included 100 pregnant women: 50 with PPROM between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation and 50 gestation-matched healthy controls. Maternal serum NGAL, white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and procalcitonin levels were measured. Demographic data and perinatal outcomes were recorded. The PPROM group was sub-classified into complicated (n=19) and non-complicated (n=31) groups based on the development of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Results: Maternal serum NGAL levels were significantly higher in the PPROM group compared to the control group (456.16±146.4 ng/ml vs. 301.79±89.7 ng/ml, respectively; p<0.001). In the PPROM cohort, NGAL levels showed a significant negative correlation with both gestational age at delivery (r=-0.353, p=0.012) and neonatal birth weight (r=-0.353, p=0.012). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that NGAL was a strong predictor of PPROM. However, there was no significant difference in NGAL levels between the complicated and non-complicated PPROM subgroups (462.8±153.3 ng/ml vs. 431.1±115.1 ng/ml, respectively; p=0.409).
Conclusion: Maternal serum NGAL is a promising, non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of PPROM and the prediction of adverse perinatal outcomes, including earlier gestational age at delivery and lower birth weight. Its elevation reflects the systemic inflammatory state inherent to PPROM. While it may not differentiate complicated and non-complicated PPROM, its strong correlation with earlier delivery and lower birth weight highlights its potential utility in risk stratification and clinical management of pregnancies affected by PPROM.

References

  • Kim HJ, Park KH, Joo E, et al. Expression of inflammatory, angiogenic, and extracellular matrix-related mediators in the cervicovaginal fluid of women with preterm premature rupture of membranes: relationship with acute histological chorioamnionitis. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2023; 89(5):e13697. doi:10.1111/aji.13697
  • Menon R, Richardson LS. Preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes: a disease of the fetal membranes. Semin Perinatol. 2017;41(7):409-419. doi:10.1053/j.semperi.2017.07.012
  • Sae-Lin P, Wanitpongpan P. Incidence and risk factors of preterm premature rupture of membranes in singleton pregnancies at Siriraj Hospital. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2019;45(3):573-577. doi:10.1111/jog.13886
  • Xu L, Yang T, Wen M, et al. Frontiers in the etiology and treatment of preterm premature rupture of membrane: from molecular mechanisms to innovative therapeutic strategies. Reprod Sci. 2024;31(4):917-931. doi:10.1007/s43032-023-01411-9
  • Kim HJ, Park KH, Kim YM, Joo E, Ahn K, Shin S. A protein microarray analysis of amniotic fluid proteins for the prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes at 23 to 30 weeks of gestation. PLoS One. 2020;15(12): e0244720. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244720
  • Feduniw S, Pruc M, Ciebiera M, et al. Biomarkers for pregnancy latency prediction after preterm premature rupture of membranes-a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(9):8027. doi:10.3390/ijms24098027
  • Romejko K, Markowska M, Niemczyk S. The review of current knowledge on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(13):10470. doi:10.3390/ijms241310470
  • Jaberi SA, Cohen A, D'Souza C, et al. Lipocalin-2: structure, function, distribution and role in metabolic disorders. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;142:112002. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112002
  • Rood KM, Buhimschi IA, Rodewald Millen K, et al. Evidence for participation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (NGAL•MMP-9) complex in the inflammatory response to infection in pregnancies complicated by preterm birth. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2016;76(2):108-117. doi:10.1111/aji.12523
  • Sisti G, Rubin G, Zhou C, Orth T, Schiattarella A. Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin as a predictor of pre-eclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2023;163(1):63-74. doi:10.1002/ijgo.14777
  • Lu L, Li C, Deng J, Luo J, Huang C. Maternal serum NGAL in the first trimester of pregnancy is a potential biomarker for the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13: 977254. doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.977254
  • Vajrychova M, Kacerovsky M, Tambor V, Hornychova H, Lenco J. Microbial invasion and histological chorioamnionitis upregulate neutrophil-gelatinase associated lipocalin in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2016;29(1):12-21. doi:10.3109/ 14767058.2014.991305
  • Skarżyńska E, Jakimiuk A, Issat T, Lisowska-Myjak B. Meconium proteins involved in iron metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(13):6948. doi:10.3390/ijms25136948
  • Nasioudis D, Witkin SS. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and innate immune responses to bacterial infections. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2015;204(4):471-479. doi:10.1007/s00430-015-0394-1
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Verda Alpay 0000-0002-5937-0220

Fırat Ersan 0000-0001-5337-0169

Barış Boza 0000-0002-3831-3745

Gülsen Şener 0000-0002-2006-2175

Submission Date December 1, 2025
Acceptance Date December 20, 2025
Publication Date December 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 6 Issue: 6

Cite

AMA Alpay V, Ersan F, Boza B, Şener G. Maternal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a novel biomarker in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: a prospective case-control study. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. December 2025;6(6):761-766. doi:10.47582/jompac.1834250

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