Impact of structured cardiac rehabilitation on cardiometabolic risk and body composition: assessment by bioelectrical impedance analysis

Muhammet Cihat Çelik; Mucahit Yetim; Macit Kalçık; Abdullah Sarıhan; Mehmet Murat Şahin; Abdülmelik Birgün; Ömer Burak Çelik; Gamze Nur Ahıskalı; Ceren Yağmur Doğru Yılmaz; Yusuf Karavelioğlu

Impact of structured cardiac rehabilitation on cardiometabolic risk and body composition: assessment by bioelectrical impedance analysis

Abstract

Aims: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a guideline-recommended, multidisciplinary intervention that improves functional capacity and reduces cardiovascular risk. However, its effects on detailed body composition parameters remain less consistently investigated. Methods: This retrospective study included 452 patients (mean age 56.6±9.4 years; 54.2% male) with cardiovascular disease who completed a 12-week CR program comprising supervised aerobic and resistance exercise, nutritional counseling, and risk factor management. Laboratory tests and bioelectrical impedance analysis were performed before and after CR. Results: CR led to significant improvements in cardiometabolic parameters. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels decreased, whereas HDL increased nonsignificantly. HbA1c declined slightly (6.2% vs. 6.1%, p<0.001), and BNP decreased, while CRP showed no change. Body composition analysis revealed reductions in BMI (30.0 vs. 29.6 kg/m², p<0.001), body fat percentage (30.5% vs. 29.9%, p<0.001), fat mass (24.9 vs. 24.2 kg, p<0.001), and visceral fat ratio (12.1 vs. 11.8, p<0.001). Lean mass (55.7 vs. 55.5 kg, p<0.001) and muscle mass (53.1 vs. 52.8 kg, p<0.001) also showed small but significant declines. Hydration improved, indicated by a higher total body water percentage and lower extracellular-to-total water ratio. Conclusion: CR was associated with improvements in lipid profile, glycemic control, BNP, and body composition, with beneficial fat reduction and fluid redistribution but mild lean mass loss. These results confirm the metabolic benefits of CR while emphasizing the importance of incorporating structured resistance training and nutritional strategies to preserve muscle mass during rehabilitation.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Hitit University Faculty of Medicine

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Hitit University by its decision dated 09.12.2025 and numbered 2025/211.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Cardiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Muhammet Cihat Çelik ^*
0000-0002-6496-7849
Türkiye

Mucahit Yetim
0000-0002-2444-7523
Türkiye

Macit Kalçık
0000-0002-8791-4475
Türkiye

Abdullah Sarıhan
0009-0001-8505-9460
Türkiye

Mehmet Murat Şahin
0000-0001-8798-6789
Türkiye

Abdülmelik Birgün
0009-0008-9864-4715
Türkiye

Ömer Burak Çelik
0009-0006-9790-6435
Türkiye

Gamze Nur Ahıskalı
0000-0001-7299-3839
Türkiye

Ceren Yağmur Doğru Yılmaz
0000-0003-4403-8492
Türkiye

Yusuf Karavelioğlu
0000-0002-2544-1975
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 25, 2026

Submission Date

January 9, 2026

Acceptance Date

May 12, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 3

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA87AX73SK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Çelik, M. C., Yetim, M., Kalçık, M., Sarıhan, A., Şahin, M. M., Birgün, A., Çelik, Ö. B., Ahıskalı, G. N., Doğru Yılmaz, C. Y., & Karavelioğlu, Y. (2026). Impact of structured cardiac rehabilitation on cardiometabolic risk and body composition: assessment by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, 7(3), 498-503. https://izlik.org/JA87AX73SK

AMA

1.Çelik MC, Yetim M, Kalçık M, et al. Impact of structured cardiac rehabilitation on cardiometabolic risk and body composition: assessment by bioelectrical impedance analysis. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026;7(3):498-503. https://izlik.org/JA87AX73SK

Chicago

Çelik, Muhammet Cihat, Mucahit Yetim, Macit Kalçık, et al. 2026. “Impact of Structured Cardiac Rehabilitation on Cardiometabolic Risk and Body Composition: Assessment by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7 (3): 498-503. https://izlik.org/JA87AX73SK.

EndNote

Çelik MC, Yetim M, Kalçık M, Sarıhan A, Şahin MM, Birgün A, Çelik ÖB, Ahıskalı GN, Doğru Yılmaz CY, Karavelioğlu Y (June 1, 2026) Impact of structured cardiac rehabilitation on cardiometabolic risk and body composition: assessment by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7 3 498–503.

IEEE

[1]M. C. Çelik et al., “Impact of structured cardiac rehabilitation on cardiometabolic risk and body composition: assessment by bioelectrical impedance analysis”, J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 498–503, June 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA87AX73SK

ISNAD

Çelik, Muhammet Cihat - Yetim, Mucahit - Kalçık, Macit - Sarıhan, Abdullah - Şahin, Mehmet Murat - Birgün, Abdülmelik - Çelik, Ömer Burak - Ahıskalı, Gamze Nur - Doğru Yılmaz, Ceren Yağmur - Karavelioğlu, Yusuf. “Impact of Structured Cardiac Rehabilitation on Cardiometabolic Risk and Body Composition: Assessment by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care 7/3 (June 1, 2026): 498-503. https://izlik.org/JA87AX73SK.

JAMA

1.Çelik MC, Yetim M, Kalçık M, Sarıhan A, Şahin MM, Birgün A, Çelik ÖB, Ahıskalı GN, Doğru Yılmaz CY, Karavelioğlu Y. Impact of structured cardiac rehabilitation on cardiometabolic risk and body composition: assessment by bioelectrical impedance analysis. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac. 2026;7:498–503.

MLA

Çelik, Muhammet Cihat, et al. “Impact of Structured Cardiac Rehabilitation on Cardiometabolic Risk and Body Composition: Assessment by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis”. Journal of Medicine and Palliative Care, vol. 7, no. 3, June 2026, pp. 498-03, https://izlik.org/JA87AX73SK.

Vancouver

1.Muhammet Cihat Çelik, Mucahit Yetim, Macit Kalçık, Abdullah Sarıhan, Mehmet Murat Şahin, Abdülmelik Birgün, Ömer Burak Çelik, Gamze Nur Ahıskalı, Ceren Yağmur Doğru Yılmaz, Yusuf Karavelioğlu. Impact of structured cardiac rehabilitation on cardiometabolic risk and body composition: assessment by bioelectrical impedance analysis. J Med Palliat Care / JOMPAC / jompac [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 1;7(3):498-503. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA87AX73SK