KURUMSAL KALİTE VE DIŞA AÇIKLIK EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYİ NASIL ETKİLER? SERMAYE VE İŞGÜCÜ MALİYETLERİ IŞIĞINDA GELİŞMİŞ ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE PANEL VERİ KANITLARI

Abstract

Ekonomik büyümenin nasıl gerçekleştirileceği halen tartışılan bir konudur. Son zamanlarda ekonomik büyüme teorileri çeşitlenirken, bu teorilerin savunduğu tezlerin gerçek dünya ile uyumu ve geçerliliği sürekli sınanmaktadır. Ayrıca büyüme literatüründe, ülkeler arasındaki kurumsal kalite farklılıklarının ülkeler arasındaki büyüme farklılıklarını açıklayabilecek bir unsur olabileceği de iddia edilmektedir. Ancak ampirik literatürde kurumsal kalitenin ekonomik büyümeye etkisini araştıran çalışmalar yer almakla birlikte kullandıkları bu modellerde işgücü ve sermaye maliyetinin yer almadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, literatürdeki diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak, bu çalışmada sermaye ve işgücü maliyetlerine yer verilerek kurumsallaşma ve dışa açıklığın ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Veri kısıtı nedeniyle analiz, 33 yıllık (1984-2016) panel veri seti kullanılarak 9 gelişmiş ülkeyi kapsayabilmiştir. Analizde Zellner (1962)’in geliştirdiği SUR tahmincilerine dayanan Kònya (2006) panel Bootstrap Granger nedensellik testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar ülkelere göre değişmekle birlikte; i) gelişmiş ülkelerde kurumsal yapının büyüme üzerinde doğrudan etkisi olduğuna dair kanıt bulunamamış ve ii) özellikle sermaye maliyetinin büyümeyi etkilediğine dair kanıtlara ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Ekonomik Büyüme
• Kurumsal Kalite
• Dışa Açıklık. İşgücü Maliyeti
• Sermaye Maliyeti
• Bootstrap Panel Nedensellik Analizi

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