Determination of Yield and Some Plant Characteristics with Vitamin C, Protein and Mineral Material Content in Mibuna (Brassica rapa var. Nipposinica) and Mizuna (Brassica rapa var. Japonica) Grown in Fall and Spring Sowing Times

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 64 - 70, 01.03.2012

F.e. Açıkgöz F. E. Açıkgöz

Öz

This study was conducted in unheated UV – PE greenhouse in 2010 – 2011 using fall and spring sowing times in order to determine yield and some plant characteristics; with vitamin C, protein and mineral material content in mibuna and mizuna. At the end of the study, it was found that mibuna and mizuna were affected by sowing time. Therefore; the spring sowing time, in which mibuna had a yield of 1521.42 kg da-1 and the yield were determined as 1326.56 kg da-1 for mizuna, was determined to be more convenient than fall sowing time. In both of these plants; the convenient sowing time is spring sowing time for Vitamin C, Ca, Mg and Mn contents, and fall sowing time is determined to be convenient sowing time for having higher crude protein, N, P, K, Cu, Fe and Zn contents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mibuna, mizuna, sowing time, yield, some plant characteristics, vitamin C, mineral material

İlkbahar ve Sonbahar Ekim Zamanlarında Yetiştirilen Mibuna (Brassica rapa var. Nipposinica) ve Mizuna (Brassica rapa var. Japonica)’da Verim ve Bazı Bitki Özellikleri ile C Vitamini, Protein ve Mineral Madde İçeriklerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Bu araştırma, 2010-2011 yılı sonbahar ve ilkbahar dönemlerinde UV katkılı PE ile örtülmüş ısıtmasız yüksek tünelde
yetiştirilen mibuna (Brassica rapa var. Nipposinica) ve mizuna (Brassica rapa var. Japonica)’da; verim ve bazı bitki
özellikleri ile C vitamini, protein ve mineral madde içeriklerinin belirlenmesi için yürütülmüştür.
Araştırma sonucunda, mibuna ve mizuna bitkileri ekim zamanından etkilenmiştir. Buna göre mibuna için dekara
verimin 1521.42 kg ve mizuna için dekara verimin ise; 1326.56 kg olarak tespit edildiği ilkbahar ekim zamanının,
sonbahar ekim zamanına göre daha uygun olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Her iki bitkide de C vitamini, Kalsiyum (Ca),
Magnezyum (Mg) ve Mangan (Mn) içeriklerinin ilkbahar ekim zamanında ve ham protein, Azot (N), Fosfor (P),
Potasyum (K), Bakır (Cu), Demir (Fe) ve Çinko (Zn) içeriklerinin ise sonbahar ekim zamanında daha yüksek olduğu
tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mibuna, mizuna, ekim zamanı, verim, bazı bitki özellikleri, C vitamini, mineral madde

Kaynakça

• Acıkgoz, E.F. and S. Altintas, 2011. Seasonal variations in vitamin C and mineral contents and some yield and quality parameters in komatsuna (Brassica rapa var. pervidis). Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 9 (2): 289-291.
• AOAC 1990. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 15th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington VA, p. 1058-1059.
• Barillari, J., R., Cervellati, S., Costa, M.C., Guerra, E. Speroni ve A. Utan, 2006. Antioxidant and choleretic properties of Raphanus sativus L sprout (Kaiware Daikon) extract. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54(26): 9773-9778.
• Cao, G., E., Sofic and R.L. Prior, 1996. Antioxidant capacity of tea and common vegetables. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44(11): 3426-3431.
• Caruso, G., A., Villari, and G., Villari, 2004. Quality characteristics of “Fragaria vesca L.” fruits influenced by NFT solution EC and shading. Acta Horticulturae, 648: 167-174.
• Davey, M.W., M., Van Montagu, D., Inzé, M., Sanmartin, A., Kanellis, N., Smirnoff, I.J.J., Benzie, J.J., Strain, D., Favell and J., Fletcher, 2000. Plant L-ascorbic acid: chemistry, function, metabolism, bioavailability and effects of processing. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 80(7): 825-860.
• Decoteau, D.R., 2004. Principles of plant science: Environment factors and technology in growing plants. p.432, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA.
• Elwan, M.W.M., K.E., Abd El-Hamed, 2011. Influence of nitrogen form, growing season and sulfur fertilization on yield and the content of nitrate and vitamin C of broccoli Scientia Horticulturae, 127: 181–187.
• Gent, M.P.N., 1991. High tunnels extend tomato and pepper production in Connecticut. Connecticut Agricultural. Exp. Station. Bulletin, 893: 1-16.
• Gent, M.P.N., 2002. Growth and composition of salad greens as affected by organic compared to nitrate fertilizer and by environment in high tunnels. Journal Of Plant Nutrition, 25(5): 981-998.
• Gruda, N., 2005. Impact of environmental factors on product quality of greenhouse vegetables for fresh consumption. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 24(3): 227-247.
• Hernandez-Suarez, M., E.M., Rodriguez-Rodriguez and C., Diaz-Romero, 2007. Mineral and trace element concentrations in cultivars of tomatoes. Food Chemistry, 104(2):489-499.
• Jones, B.J., B., Wolf and H.A., Mills, 1991. Plant Analysis Handbook, Micro-Macro. Publishing, USA, ISBN: 1- 878148-001.
• Kacar, B., 1995. Bitki ve Toprağın Kimyasal Analizleri III. Toprak Analizleri. A.Ü. Ziraat Fak. Eğit., Araşt. ve Gel. Vakfı Yay. No: 3, Ankara.
• Kim S. and G., Ishii, 2007. Effect of storage temperature and duration on glucosinolate, total vitamin C and nitrate contents in rocket salad (Eruca sativa Mill.). J. Sci. Food Agric., 87: 966–973.
• Koh, E., K.M.S., Wimalasiri, A.W., Chassy and A.E., Mitchell, 2009. Content of ascorbic acid, quercetin, kaempferol and total phenolics in commercial broccoli. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 22(7-8): 637-643.
• Kopsell, D.E., D.A., Kopsell, M.G., Lefsrud and C.J., Curran, 2004. Variability in elemental accumulations among leafy Brassica oleracea cultivars and selections. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 27: 1813–1826.
• Kurilich, A., G.J. Tsau, A., Brown, L., Howard, B., Klein, E., Jeffery, M.M., Kushad, M.A., Wallig and J.A. Juvik, 1999. Carotene, tocopherol, and ascorbate contents in subspecies of Brassica oleracea. J. Agr. Food Chem., 47: 1576-1581.
• Kushad, M.M., J., Masiunas, K., Eastman, W., Kalt and M.A.L., phytochemicals in vegetables. Horticultural Reviews, 28: 125-166. Health promoting
• Lee, S.K. and A.A., Kader, 2000. Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural Technology, 20(3): 207-220. Biology and
• Lindsay, W.L. and Norvell, W.A., 1978. Development of a. DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganase and copper. Soil Sci. Soc.Am.J., 42:421- 428.
• Lunet, N.,C., Valbuena, F., Carneino, C., Lopes and H., Barros, 2006. Antioxidant vitamins and risk of gastric cancer: A case-control study in Portugal. Nutrition and Cancer, 55(1): 71-77.
• Malik, C.P. and A.K., Srivastava, 1982. Text book of plant physiology. New Delhi: Ludhiana.
• Martinez-Ballesta, M.C., R., Dominguez-Perles, D.A., Moreno, B., Muries, C., Alcaraz-Lopez, E., Bastıas, C., Garcıa-Viguera and M., Carvajal, 2010. Minerals in plant food effect of agricultural practices and role in human health. A review Agron. Sustain. Dev., 30: 295–309.
• Maynard, D.N., A.V., Barker, P.L., Minotti and N.H., Peck, 1976. Nitrate accumulation in vegetables. Advances in Agronomy, 28: 71-118.
• Miller-Cebert, R.L., N.A., Sistani and E., Cebert, 2009. Comparative protein and folate content among canola cultivars and other cruciferous leafy vegetables. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 7 (2) : 4 6 - 4 9.
• Murray, M., J., Pizzorno and L., Pizzorno, 2005. The encyclopedia of healing foods. Atria Books, USA, ISBN-13: 978-O-7434-7402-3.
• Musnicki, C., P., Tobola and B., Musnicka, 1999. Effect of agronomical and environmental factors on the yield quality of winter oilseed rape. Oilseed Crops, 20(2): 459-470.
• Podsedek, A., 2007. Natural antioxidant and antioxidant capacity of Brassica vegetables. Food Science and Technology, 40(1): 1-11.
• Rosa, A.S.E., S.H., Haneklaus and E., Schnug, 2002. Mineral content of primary and secondary inflorescences of eleven broccoli cultivars grown in early and late seasons. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25(8): 1741-1751.
• Rosa, E. and R., Heaney, 1996. Seasonal variation in protein, mineral and glucosinolate composition of Portuguese cabbages and kale. Animal Feed Science Tecnology, 57(1-2): 111-127.
• Sağlam, M.T., 2008. Toprak ve Suyun Kimyasal Analiz Yöntemleri. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi, Yayın No: 2, Tekirdağ.
• Salisbury, F.B. and C.W., Ross, 1992. Plant physiology. 4th edn., p. 684.Wadsworth, Belmont, California.
• Salunkhe, D.K. and S.S., Kadam, 1998. Handbook of vegetable science and technology: Production, composition, storage and processing. p. 721, Marcel Dekker, New York ISBN 0-8247-0105-4.
• Singh,J., A.K., Upadhyay, K., Prasad, A., Bahadur and M., Rai, 2007. Variability of carotenes, vitamin C, E and phenolics in Brassica vegetables. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 20,106–112.
• Shinohara, Y. and Y., Suzuki, 1981. Effects of light and nutritional conditions on the ascorbic acid content of lettuce. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci., 50(2): 239-246.
• Vagen, I.M., T.S., Aamlid, A.O., Skjelvag, 2007. Nitrogen fertilization to broccoli cultivars at different planting times: yield and nitrogen use. Acta Agriculturae Scandivanica Section B- Soil Plant Sci., 57: 35-44.
• Varış S., F., Eryılmaz Açıkgöz ve S., Altıntaş, 2010. Salata İçin Yaprakları Yenilen Alternatif Sebzeler: Mibuna ve Mizuna. Hasad Bitkisel Üretim, 296: 70-71.
• Wells, O.S., 1996. Row cover and high tunnel growing system in The United States. HortTechnology, 6: 172- 176.
• Weston, L.A. and M.M., Barth, 1997. Preharvest factors affecting HortScience, 32(5): 812-816. quality of vegetables.
• Wiebe, H.J., H.P., Schatzler and W., Kuhn, 1977. On the movement and distribution of calcium in white cabbage in dependence of the water status. Plant Soil, 409–416.
• Wunderlich, S.M., C., Feldman, S., Kane and T., Hazhin, 2008. Nutritional quality of organic, conventional and seasonally grown broccoli using vitamin C as a marker. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 59(1): 34-45.