Three-Dimensional Nb Nanopillar based Electrode for Energy Storage Devices

Abstract

In this study, aluminum (Al) film with high purity was coated on the Niobium (Nb) sheet by thermal evaporation under ultra-high vacuum. An Anodic Aluminum Oxide (AAO) nanotemplate was prepared on the Nb sheet. During AAO nanotemplate preparation, three-dimensional (3D) Nb nanopillars were grown on the Nb sheet. We performed a simple 3D Artificial Intelligence (AI) analysis of Nb nanopillars. According to the experimental results, the width of the prepared Nb nanopillars is in the range of 100–120 nm, and the length is approximately 150 nm. The Electron Diffraction Spectroscopy (EDS) results confirmed that the nanopillars are Nb. The prepared Nb nanopillars can be a potential candidate for energy storage applications.

Keywords

• Energy storage
• nanopillar
• niobium
• artificial intelligence

References

1. 1. Idrees M, Mukhtar A, Ata-ur-Rehman, Abbas SM, Zhang Q, Li X. Transition metal nitride electrodes as future energy storage devices: A review. Materials Today Communications. 2021;27:102363. doi:10.1016/J.MTCOMM.2021.102363
2. 2. Li Y, Xiao S, Qiu T, et al. Recent advances on energy storage microdevices: From materials to configurations. Energy Storage Materials. 2022;45:741-767. doi:10.1016/J.ENSM.2021.12.026
3. 3. Pore OC, Fulari A v., Shejwal R v., Fulari VJ, Lohar GM. Review on recent progress in hydrothermally synthesized MCo2O4/rGO composite for energy storage devices. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021;426:131544. doi:10.1016/J.CEJ.2021.131544
4. 4. Zhang Y, Liu J, Li SL, Su ZM, Lan YQ. Polyoxometalate-based materials for sustainable and clean energy conversion and storage. EnergyChem. 2019;1(3):100021. doi:10.1016/J.ENCHEM.2019.100021
5. 5. Lu T, Dong S, Zhang C, Zhang L, Cui G. Fabrication of transition metal selenides and their applications in energy storage. Coordination Chemistry Reviews. 2017;332:75-99. doi:10.1016/J.CCR.2016.11.005
6. 6. Raj A, Kumar M, Anshul A. Recent advancement in inorganic-organic electron transport layers in perovskite solar cell: current status and future outlook. Materials Today Chemistry. 2021;22:100595. doi:10.1016/J.MTCHEM.2021.100595
7. 7. Li WC, Lin CH, Ho CC, Cheng TT, Wang PH, Wen TC. Superior performances of supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries with carboxymethyl cellulose bearing zwitterions as binders. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng. 2022;133:104263. doi:10.1016/J.JTICE.2022.104263
8. 8. Dai X, Zhang M, Li T, et al. Effect of current on electrodeposited MnO2 as supercapacitor and lithium-ion battery electrode. Vacuum. 2022;195:110692. doi:10.1016/J.VACUUM.2021.110692

9. 9. Natarajan S, Krishnamoorthy K, Kim SJ. Effective regeneration of mixed composition of spent lithium-ion batteries electrodes towards building supercapacitor. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2022;430:128496. doi:10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2022.128496
10. 10. Zhang X, Peng N, Liu T, et al. Review on niobium-based chalcogenides for electrochemical energy storage devices: Application and progress. Nano Energy. 2019;65:104049. doi:10.1016/J.NANOEN.2019.104049
11. 11. Mandal D, Jeong JY, Singu BS, Lee S, Mun WJ, Kim H. Flexible all solid-state niobium nitride//activated carbon lithium-ion hybrid capacitor with high volumetric power and energy densities. Journal of Energy Storage. 2022;48:104031. doi:10.1016/J.EST.2022.104031
12. 12. Vicentini R, Beraldo R, Aguiar JP, et al. Niobium pentoxide nanoparticles decorated graphene as electrode material in aqueous-based supercapacitors: Accurate determination of the working voltage window and the analysis of the distributed capacitance in the time domain. Journal of Energy Storage. 2021;44:103371. doi:10.1016/J.EST.2021.103371
13. 13. Ma J, Guo X, Xue H, Pan K, Liu C, Pang H. Niobium/tantalum-based materials: Synthesis and applications in electrochemical energy storage. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2020;380:122428. doi:10.1016/J.CEJ.2019.122428
14. 14. Zhao Z, Xue Z, Xiong Q, et al. Titanium niobium oxides (TiNb2O7): Design, fabrication and application in energy storage devices. Sustainable Materials and Technologies. 2021;30:e00357. doi:10.1016/J.SUSMAT.2021.E00357
15. 15. Yao M, Chen J, Su Z, Peng Y, Li F, Yao X. Ionic transport and barrier effect of anodic oxide layer in a solid-state Al2O3 capacitor under high electric field. Electrochimica Acta. 2017;224:235-242. doi:10.1016/J.ELECTACTA.2016.12.029
16. 16. ur-rehman A, Ashraf MW, Shaikh H, Alhamidi A, Ramay SM, Saleem M. Yttrium incorporated BiFeO3 nanostructures growth on two step anodized Al2O3 porous template for energy storage applications. Ceramics International. 2020;46(6):7681-7686. doi:10.1016/J.CERAMINT.2019.11.270
17. 17. Remešová M, Tkachenko S, Kvarda D, et al. Effects of anodizing conditions and the addition of Al2O3/PTFE particles on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of porous anodic coatings on the AA1050 aluminium alloy. Applied Surface Science. 2020;513:145780. doi:10.1016/J.APSUSC.2020.145780
18. 18. Ahmad N, Khan S, Li WJ, et al. Potential dependent tuning of magnetic and structural properties of electrodeposited NiZn nanowires in Al2O3 templates. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2017;441:696-701. doi:10.1016/J.JMMM.2017.04.072
19. 19. NA HC, SUNG TJ, YOON SH, et al. Formation of unidirectional nanoporous structures in thickly anodized aluminum oxide layer. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. 2009;19(4):1013-1017. doi:10.1016/S1003-6326(08)60398-2
20. 20. Scisco GP, Haynes K, Jones KS, Ziegler KJ. Single step bonding of thick anodized aluminum oxide templates to silicon wafers for enhanced system-on-a-chip performance. Journal of Power Sources. 2020;474:228643. doi:10.1016/J.JPOWSOUR.2020.228643
21. 21. Patel Y, Janusas G, Palevicius A. Fabrication of nanoporous free standing anodic alumina using two-step anodization for applicability in microhydraulic system as nano filter using surface acoustics. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021;45:5059-5064. doi:10.1016/J.MATPR.2021.01.571
22. 22. Ding H, Song Z, Zhang H, Li X. Niobium-based oxide anodes toward fast and safe energy storage: a review. Materials Today Nano. 2020;11:100082. doi:10.1016/J.MTNANO.2020.100082
23. 23. Rasheed PA, Pandey RP, Banat F, Hasan SW. Recent advances in niobium MXenes: Synthesis, properties, and emerging applications. Matter. 2022;5(2):546-572. doi:10.1016/J.MATT.2021.12.021
24. 24. Joslin Vijaya D, Pradeep Kumar J, Robinson Smart DS. Analysis of hybrid aluminium composite material reinforced with Ti and NbC nanoparticles processed through stir casting. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2022;51:561-570. doi:10.1016/J.MATPR.2021.05.683
25. 25. Kikuchi T, Onoda F, Iwai M, Suzuki RO. Influence of sub-10 nm anodic alumina nanowire morphology formed by two-step anodizing aluminum on water wettability and slipping behavior. Applied Surface Science. 2021;546:149090. doi:10.1016/J.APSUSC.2021.149090
26. 26. Cigarroa-Mayorga OE, Gallardo-Hernández S, Talamás-Rohana P. Tunable Raman scattering enhancement due to self-assembled Au nanoparticles layer on porous AAO: The influence of the alumina support. Applied Surface Science. 2021;536:147674. doi:10.1016/J.APSUSC.2020.147674