Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Palladium(II) Isatin-3-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes with Phosphine and Phenanthroline Ligands: In Vitro Evaluation Against Cancer Cell Lines and Bacterial Strains

Ali H. Al-obaidi; Luma A Al-doori; Ahmed Irzoqi; Mohanad Yasir

doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1646336

Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Palladium(II) Isatin-3-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes with Phosphine and Phenanthroline Ligands: In Vitro Evaluation Against Cancer Cell Lines and Bacterial Strains

Abstract

In this study, three new palladium (II) complexes with isatin-3-thiosemicarbazone (ITC) were prepared by reacting Pd(II) with ITC and phosphine or diamine ligands. Characterisation was done using CHN analysis, molar conductivity, FTIR spectroscopy, and ¹H, ¹³C, and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. All analyses confirmed that the complexes exhibit a square planar structure around the Pd²⁺ ion. The ITC ligand displayed a bidentate coordination mode, binding through nitrogen and sulphur atoms. In vitro biological activity studies revealed excellent anti-ovarian cancer potential. Notably, the complex (Pd(ITC)(Phen))Cl₂ demonstrated only 5% cell survival at a 400 µM concentration, while the other two complexes, (Pd(ITC)₂)Cl₂ and (Pd(ITC)(PPh₃)Cl)Cl, did not exceed 10%. These results illustrate the strong ability of these complexes to inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro. Additionally, the three synthesised complexes demonstrated clear antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains: two Gram-positive (Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative (E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The activity was concentration-dependent, decreasing as the concentration lowered. The complex (Pd(ITC)(Phen))Cl₂ exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, followed by (Pd(ITC)(PPh₃)Cl)Cl and (Pd(ITC)₂)Cl₂. These findings indicate the possible development of these complexes as therapeutic agents with anticancer and antibacterial properties, particularly in addressing bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

NIL

Ethical Statement

This study was approved by the ethical committee of Tikrit University

Thanks

The staff of central lab at Tikrit University

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Main Group Metal Chemistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ali H. Al-obaidi This is me
0000-0002-9036-4902
Iraq

Luma A Al-doori
0000-0002-7756-3122
Iraq

Ahmed Irzoqi
0000-0003-0116-4392
Iraq

Mohanad Yasir ^*
0000-0001-6363-7277
Iraq

Publication Date

September 14, 2025

Submission Date

February 25, 2025

Acceptance Date

June 12, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 12 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1646336

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA77KA92GZ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Al-obaidi, A. H., Al-doori, L. A., Irzoqi, A., & Yasir, M. (2025). Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Palladium(II) Isatin-3-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes with Phosphine and Phenanthroline Ligands: In Vitro Evaluation Against Cancer Cell Lines and Bacterial Strains. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, 12(3), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1646336

AMA

1.Al-obaidi AH, Al-doori LA, Irzoqi A, Yasir M. Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Palladium(II) Isatin-3-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes with Phosphine and Phenanthroline Ligands: In Vitro Evaluation Against Cancer Cell Lines and Bacterial Strains. JOTCSA. 2025;12(3):181-188. doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1646336

Chicago

Al-obaidi, Ali H., Luma A Al-doori, Ahmed Irzoqi, and Mohanad Yasir. 2025. “Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Palladium(II) Isatin-3-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes With Phosphine and Phenanthroline Ligands: In Vitro Evaluation Against Cancer Cell Lines and Bacterial Strains”. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry 12 (3): 181-88. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1646336.

EndNote

Al-obaidi AH, Al-doori LA, Irzoqi A, Yasir M (September 1, 2025) Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Palladium(II) Isatin-3-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes with Phosphine and Phenanthroline Ligands: In Vitro Evaluation Against Cancer Cell Lines and Bacterial Strains. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry 12 3 181–188.

IEEE

[1]A. H. Al-obaidi, L. A. Al-doori, A. Irzoqi, and M. Yasir, “Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Palladium(II) Isatin-3-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes with Phosphine and Phenanthroline Ligands: In Vitro Evaluation Against Cancer Cell Lines and Bacterial Strains”, JOTCSA, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 181–188, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.18596/jotcsa.1646336.

ISNAD

Al-obaidi, Ali H. - Al-doori, Luma A - Irzoqi, Ahmed - Yasir, Mohanad. “Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Palladium(II) Isatin-3-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes With Phosphine and Phenanthroline Ligands: In Vitro Evaluation Against Cancer Cell Lines and Bacterial Strains”. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry 12/3 (September 1, 2025): 181-188. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1646336.

JAMA

1.Al-obaidi AH, Al-doori LA, Irzoqi A, Yasir M. Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Palladium(II) Isatin-3-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes with Phosphine and Phenanthroline Ligands: In Vitro Evaluation Against Cancer Cell Lines and Bacterial Strains. JOTCSA. 2025;12:181–188.

MLA

Al-obaidi, Ali H., et al. “Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Palladium(II) Isatin-3-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes With Phosphine and Phenanthroline Ligands: In Vitro Evaluation Against Cancer Cell Lines and Bacterial Strains”. Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society Section A: Chemistry, vol. 12, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 181-8, doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1646336.

Vancouver

1.Ali H. Al-obaidi, Luma A Al-doori, Ahmed Irzoqi, Mohanad Yasir. Synthesis and Characterisation of Novel Palladium(II) Isatin-3-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes with Phosphine and Phenanthroline Ligands: In Vitro Evaluation Against Cancer Cell Lines and Bacterial Strains. JOTCSA. 2025 Sep. 1;12(3):181-8. doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1646336