BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Fe(III)-Valex Complex

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 131 - 146, 27.05.2016
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.77778

Öz

Iron (III) complex with a mixture of hydrolysable tannins from the fruits of Valonia Oak (Quercus ithaburensis sp. macrolepsis) known as Valex was synthesized and characterized using various techniques. Stoichiometry of the complex was determined to be M2L at pH 4.4 with the stability constant (K) of 1.5 ´ 108 L2mol-2. The antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the Fe(III)-Valex complex was studied. The Fe(III)-Valex complex was found to have antioxidant activity but did not show any antimicrobial and antifungal activity against the tested microorganisms.

Kaynakça

  • Rahim A, Kassim J. Recent Development of Vegetal Tannins in Corrosion Protection of Iron and Steel. Recent Patents on Materials Sciencee. 2008 Nov 1;1(3):223–31. DOI: 10.2174/1874464810801030223.
  • Liao X, Li L, Shi B. Adsorption recovery of thorium(IV) by Myrica rubra tannin and larch tannin immobilized onto collagen fibres. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2004;260(3):619–25. DOI: 10.1023/B:JRNC.0000028222.85988.40.
  • Liao X, Ma H, Wang R, Shi B. Adsorption of UO22+ on tannins immobilized collagen fiber membrane. Journal of Membrane Science. 2004 Nov;243(1-2):235–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.06.025
  • Nakano Y, Takeshita K, Tsutsumi T. Adsorption mechanism of hexavalent chromium by redox within condensed-tannin gel. Water Research. 2001 Feb;35(2):496–500. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00279-7.
  • Vázquez G, González-Álvarez J, Freire S, López-Lorenzo M, Antorrena G. Removal of cadmium and mercury ions from aqueous solution by sorption on treated Pinus pinaster bark: kinetics and isotherms. Bioresource Technology. 2002 May;82(3):247–51. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00186-9.
  • Liao X, Lu Z, Zhang M, Liu X, Shi B. Adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions by tannins immobilized on collagen. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 2004 Apr;79(4):335–42. DOI: 10.1002/jctb.974.
  • Şengil İA, Özacar M, Türkmenler H. Kinetic and isotherm studies of Cu(II) biosorption onto valonia tannin resin. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009 Mar;162(2-3):1046–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.160.
  • Karamać M. Chelation of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Fe(II) by Tannin Constituents of Selected Edible Nuts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2009 Dec 22;10(12):5485–97. DOI: 10.3390/ijms10125485.
  • Parajuli D, Kawakita H, Inoue K, Ohto K, Kajiyama K. Persimmon peel gel for the selective recovery of gold. Hydrometallurgy. 2007 Jul;87(3-4):133–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.02.006.
  • Liao X, Zhang M, Shi B. Collagen-Fiber-Immobilized Tannins and Their Adsorption of Au(III). Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2004 Apr;43(9):2222–7. DOI: 10.1021/ie0340894.
  • Ho Kim Y, Nakano Y. Adsorption mechanism of palladium by redox within condensed-tannin gel. Water Research. 2005 Apr;39(7):1324–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.036.
  • Zhan X-M, Zhao X. Mechanism of lead adsorption from aqueous solutions using an adsorbent synthesized from natural condensed tannin. Water Research. 2003 Sep;37(16):3905–12. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00312-9.
  • Özacar M, Şengil İA, Türkmenler H. Equilibrium and kinetic data, and adsorption mechanism for adsorption of lead onto valonia tannin resin. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2008 Sep;143(1-3):32–42. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2007.12.005.
  • Fatima N, Maqsood Z. Study of Formation Constants of Vanadium (III)-Catecholate Complexes. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. 2005;9(3):519–28. URL: https://inis.iaea.org/search/searchsinglerecord.aspx?recordsFor=SingleRecord&RN=38108006.
  • Jaén JA, Navarro C. Mössbauer and infrared spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for the characterization of ferric tannates. Hyperfine Interactions. 2009 Jul;192(1-3):61–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10751-009-9947-2.
  • Jaén JA, González L, Vargas A, Olave G. Gallic Acid, Ellagic Acid and Pyrogallol Reaction with Metallic Iron. Hyperfine Interactions. 2003;148/149(1-4):227–35. DOI: 10.1023/B:HYPE.0000003784.88539.d4.
  • Fazary AE, Taha M, Ju Y-H. Iron Complexation Studies of Gallic Acid. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 2009 Jan 8;54(1):35–42. DOI: 10.1021/je800441u.
  • Sungur Ş, Uzar A. Investigation of complexes tannic acid and myricetin with Fe(III). Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2008 Jan;69(1):225–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.03.038.
  • Nohynek LJ, Alakomi H-L, Kähkönen MP, Heinonen M, Helander IM, Oksman-Caldentey K-M, et al. Berry Phenolics: Antimicrobial Properties and Mechanisms of Action Against Severe Human Pathogens. Nutrition and Cancer. 2006 Jan;54(1):18–32. DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5401_4.
  • Igbinoosa O, Igbinoosa E, Aiyegoro O. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of stem bark extracts from Jatropha curcas (Linn). African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2009;3(2):58–62. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Etinosa_Igbinosa2/publication/253974565_Antimicrobial_activity_and_phytochemical_screening_of_stem_bark_extracts_from_Jatropha_curcas_Linn/links/54f661b40cf27d8ed71d9dac.pdf.
  • . Hagerman AE, Riedl KM, Jones GA, Sovik KN, Ritchard NT, Hartzfeld PW, et al. High Molecular Weight Plant Polyphenolics (Tannins) as Biological Antioxidants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1998 May;46(5):1887–92. DOI: 10.1021/jf970975b.
  • Saint-Cricq de Gaulejac N, Provost C, Vivas N. Comparative Study of Polyphenol Scavenging Activities Assessed by Different Methods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1999 Feb;47(2):425–31. DOI: 10.1021/jf980700b.
  • Karamać M. In-vitro study on the efficacy of tannin fractions of edible nuts as antioxidants. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 2009 Nov;111(11):1063–71. DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900067.
  • Rauha J-P, Remes S, Heinonen M, Hopia A, Kähkönen M, Kujala T, et al. Antimicrobial effects of Finnish plant extracts containing flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2000 May;56(1):3–12. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00218-X.
  • Dığrak M, İlçim A, Alma M, Şen S. Antimicrobial Activities of the Extracts of Various Plants (valex, mimosa bark, gallnut powders, Salvia sp. and Phlomis sp.). Turkish Journal of Biology. 1999;23:241–8. URL: http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/issues/biy-99-23-2/biy-23-2-12-98020.pdf.
  • Chu W-L, Lim Y-W, Radhakrishnan A, Lim P-E. Protective effect of aqueous extract from Spirulina platensis against cell death induced by free radicals. BMS Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2010;10(53):1–8. URL: http://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-10-53.
  • Clark C, Jakobs M, Appelbaum P. Antipneumococcal Activities of Levofloxacin and Clarithromycin as Determined by Agar Dilution, Microdilution, E-Test, and Disk Diffusion Methodologies. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1998;36(12):3579–84. URL: http://jcm.asm.org/content/36/12/3579.short.
  • Balaban A, Banciu M, Pogany I. Applications of Physical Methods to Organic Chemistry. Bucharest; 1983. 31 p. (Editura Stiintifica si Enciclopedica).
  • Brune M, Hallberg L, Skånberg A-B. Determination of Iron-Binding Phenolic Groups in Foods. Journal of Food Science. 1991 Jan;56(1):128–31. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb07992.x.
  • Yang Z, Lu J, Wang L. Synthesis and Fluorescent Properties of Zn(II) Complex with Functionalized Polystyrene Containing Salicylaldehyde End Group. Polymer Bulletin. 2005 Feb;53(4):249–57. DOI: 10.1007/s00289-005-0335-z.
  • Binbuga N, Chambers K, Henry WP, Schultz TP. Metal chelation studies relevant to wood preservation.1. Complexation of propyl gallate with Fe2+. Holzforschung [Internet]. 2005 Jan 1 [cited 2016 May 27];59(2). DOI: 10.1515/HF.2005.032.
  • Perron NR, Hodges JN, Jenkins M, Brumaghim JL. Predicting How Polyphenol Antioxidants Prevent DNA Damage by Binding to Iron. Inorganic Chemistry. 2008 Jul;47(14):6153–61. DOI: 10.1021/ic7022727.
  • Perron NR, Brumaghim JL. A Review of the Antioxidant Mechanisms of Polyphenol Compounds Related to Iron Binding. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2009 Mar;53(2):75–100. DOI: 10.1007/s12013-009-9043-x.
  • Kim S, Kim H-J. Curing behavior and viscoelastic properties of pine and wattle tannin-based adhesives studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and FT-IR-ATR spectroscopy. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. 2003 Jan;17(10):1369–83. DOI: 10.1163/156856103769172797.
  • Özacar M, Soykan C, Şengül İA. Studies on synthesis, characterization, and metal adsorption of mimosa and valonia tannin resins. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2006 Oct 5;102(1):786–97. DOI: 10.1002/app.23944.
  • Ardelean I, Toderas M, Paşcuţa P. Structural Study of the Fe 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 –BaO Glass System by FTIR Spectroscopy. Modern Physics Letters B. 2003 Sep 20;17(22):1175–9. DOI: 10.1142/S0217984903006098.
  • Predoi D. A study on iron oxide nanoparticles coated with dextrin obtained by coprecipitation. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures. 2007;2(1):169–73. URL: http://www.chalcogen.ro/Predoi-DJNB2.pdf.
  • Garro Galvez JM, Riedl B, Conner AH. Analytical Studies on Tara Tannins. Holzforschung. 1997 Jan;51(3):235–43. DOI: 10.1515/hfsg.1997.51.3.235
  • Aelenei N, Popa MI, Novac O, Lisa G, Balaita L. Tannic acid incorporation in chitosan-based microparticles and in vitro controlled release. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. 2009 May;20(5):1095–102. DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3675-z.
  • Beltrán JJ, Novegil FJ, García KE, Barrero CA. On the reaction of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides with tannic and phosphoric acid and their mixtures. Hyperfine Interactions. 2010 Jan;195(1-3):133–40. DOI: 10.1007/s10751-009-0110-x.
  • Iglesias J, García de Saldaña E, Jaen J. On the tannic acid interaction with metallic iron. Hyperfine Interactions. 2001;134(1):109–14. URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1013838600599.
  • Bou-Abdallah F, Chasteen ND. Spin concentration measurements of high-spin (g′ = 4.3) rhombic iron(III) ions in biological samples: theory and application. JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry. 2007 Nov 29;13(1):15–24. DOI: 10.1007/s00775-007-0304-0.
  • Mekki A, Holland D, McConville CF, Salim M. An XPS study of iron sodium silicate glass surfaces. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 1996 Dec;208(3):267–76. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3093(96)00523-6.
  • Panigrahy B, Aslam M, Bahadur D. Effect of Fe doping concentration on optical and magnetic properties of ZnO nanorods. Nanotechnology. 2012 Mar 23;23(11):115601. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/11/115601.
Yıl 2016, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 131 - 146, 27.05.2016
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.77778

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Rahim A, Kassim J. Recent Development of Vegetal Tannins in Corrosion Protection of Iron and Steel. Recent Patents on Materials Sciencee. 2008 Nov 1;1(3):223–31. DOI: 10.2174/1874464810801030223.
  • Liao X, Li L, Shi B. Adsorption recovery of thorium(IV) by Myrica rubra tannin and larch tannin immobilized onto collagen fibres. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2004;260(3):619–25. DOI: 10.1023/B:JRNC.0000028222.85988.40.
  • Liao X, Ma H, Wang R, Shi B. Adsorption of UO22+ on tannins immobilized collagen fiber membrane. Journal of Membrane Science. 2004 Nov;243(1-2):235–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.06.025
  • Nakano Y, Takeshita K, Tsutsumi T. Adsorption mechanism of hexavalent chromium by redox within condensed-tannin gel. Water Research. 2001 Feb;35(2):496–500. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00279-7.
  • Vázquez G, González-Álvarez J, Freire S, López-Lorenzo M, Antorrena G. Removal of cadmium and mercury ions from aqueous solution by sorption on treated Pinus pinaster bark: kinetics and isotherms. Bioresource Technology. 2002 May;82(3):247–51. DOI: 10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00186-9.
  • Liao X, Lu Z, Zhang M, Liu X, Shi B. Adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions by tannins immobilized on collagen. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology. 2004 Apr;79(4):335–42. DOI: 10.1002/jctb.974.
  • Şengil İA, Özacar M, Türkmenler H. Kinetic and isotherm studies of Cu(II) biosorption onto valonia tannin resin. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009 Mar;162(2-3):1046–52. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.160.
  • Karamać M. Chelation of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Fe(II) by Tannin Constituents of Selected Edible Nuts. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2009 Dec 22;10(12):5485–97. DOI: 10.3390/ijms10125485.
  • Parajuli D, Kawakita H, Inoue K, Ohto K, Kajiyama K. Persimmon peel gel for the selective recovery of gold. Hydrometallurgy. 2007 Jul;87(3-4):133–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2007.02.006.
  • Liao X, Zhang M, Shi B. Collagen-Fiber-Immobilized Tannins and Their Adsorption of Au(III). Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2004 Apr;43(9):2222–7. DOI: 10.1021/ie0340894.
  • Ho Kim Y, Nakano Y. Adsorption mechanism of palladium by redox within condensed-tannin gel. Water Research. 2005 Apr;39(7):1324–30. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2004.12.036.
  • Zhan X-M, Zhao X. Mechanism of lead adsorption from aqueous solutions using an adsorbent synthesized from natural condensed tannin. Water Research. 2003 Sep;37(16):3905–12. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(03)00312-9.
  • Özacar M, Şengil İA, Türkmenler H. Equilibrium and kinetic data, and adsorption mechanism for adsorption of lead onto valonia tannin resin. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2008 Sep;143(1-3):32–42. DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2007.12.005.
  • Fatima N, Maqsood Z. Study of Formation Constants of Vanadium (III)-Catecholate Complexes. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society. 2005;9(3):519–28. URL: https://inis.iaea.org/search/searchsinglerecord.aspx?recordsFor=SingleRecord&RN=38108006.
  • Jaén JA, Navarro C. Mössbauer and infrared spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for the characterization of ferric tannates. Hyperfine Interactions. 2009 Jul;192(1-3):61–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10751-009-9947-2.
  • Jaén JA, González L, Vargas A, Olave G. Gallic Acid, Ellagic Acid and Pyrogallol Reaction with Metallic Iron. Hyperfine Interactions. 2003;148/149(1-4):227–35. DOI: 10.1023/B:HYPE.0000003784.88539.d4.
  • Fazary AE, Taha M, Ju Y-H. Iron Complexation Studies of Gallic Acid. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 2009 Jan 8;54(1):35–42. DOI: 10.1021/je800441u.
  • Sungur Ş, Uzar A. Investigation of complexes tannic acid and myricetin with Fe(III). Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2008 Jan;69(1):225–9. DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2007.03.038.
  • Nohynek LJ, Alakomi H-L, Kähkönen MP, Heinonen M, Helander IM, Oksman-Caldentey K-M, et al. Berry Phenolics: Antimicrobial Properties and Mechanisms of Action Against Severe Human Pathogens. Nutrition and Cancer. 2006 Jan;54(1):18–32. DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc5401_4.
  • Igbinoosa O, Igbinoosa E, Aiyegoro O. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of stem bark extracts from Jatropha curcas (Linn). African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2009;3(2):58–62. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Etinosa_Igbinosa2/publication/253974565_Antimicrobial_activity_and_phytochemical_screening_of_stem_bark_extracts_from_Jatropha_curcas_Linn/links/54f661b40cf27d8ed71d9dac.pdf.
  • . Hagerman AE, Riedl KM, Jones GA, Sovik KN, Ritchard NT, Hartzfeld PW, et al. High Molecular Weight Plant Polyphenolics (Tannins) as Biological Antioxidants. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1998 May;46(5):1887–92. DOI: 10.1021/jf970975b.
  • Saint-Cricq de Gaulejac N, Provost C, Vivas N. Comparative Study of Polyphenol Scavenging Activities Assessed by Different Methods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1999 Feb;47(2):425–31. DOI: 10.1021/jf980700b.
  • Karamać M. In-vitro study on the efficacy of tannin fractions of edible nuts as antioxidants. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology. 2009 Nov;111(11):1063–71. DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900067.
  • Rauha J-P, Remes S, Heinonen M, Hopia A, Kähkönen M, Kujala T, et al. Antimicrobial effects of Finnish plant extracts containing flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2000 May;56(1):3–12. DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1605(00)00218-X.
  • Dığrak M, İlçim A, Alma M, Şen S. Antimicrobial Activities of the Extracts of Various Plants (valex, mimosa bark, gallnut powders, Salvia sp. and Phlomis sp.). Turkish Journal of Biology. 1999;23:241–8. URL: http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/biology/issues/biy-99-23-2/biy-23-2-12-98020.pdf.
  • Chu W-L, Lim Y-W, Radhakrishnan A, Lim P-E. Protective effect of aqueous extract from Spirulina platensis against cell death induced by free radicals. BMS Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2010;10(53):1–8. URL: http://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-10-53.
  • Clark C, Jakobs M, Appelbaum P. Antipneumococcal Activities of Levofloxacin and Clarithromycin as Determined by Agar Dilution, Microdilution, E-Test, and Disk Diffusion Methodologies. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1998;36(12):3579–84. URL: http://jcm.asm.org/content/36/12/3579.short.
  • Balaban A, Banciu M, Pogany I. Applications of Physical Methods to Organic Chemistry. Bucharest; 1983. 31 p. (Editura Stiintifica si Enciclopedica).
  • Brune M, Hallberg L, Skånberg A-B. Determination of Iron-Binding Phenolic Groups in Foods. Journal of Food Science. 1991 Jan;56(1):128–31. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1991.tb07992.x.
  • Yang Z, Lu J, Wang L. Synthesis and Fluorescent Properties of Zn(II) Complex with Functionalized Polystyrene Containing Salicylaldehyde End Group. Polymer Bulletin. 2005 Feb;53(4):249–57. DOI: 10.1007/s00289-005-0335-z.
  • Binbuga N, Chambers K, Henry WP, Schultz TP. Metal chelation studies relevant to wood preservation.1. Complexation of propyl gallate with Fe2+. Holzforschung [Internet]. 2005 Jan 1 [cited 2016 May 27];59(2). DOI: 10.1515/HF.2005.032.
  • Perron NR, Hodges JN, Jenkins M, Brumaghim JL. Predicting How Polyphenol Antioxidants Prevent DNA Damage by Binding to Iron. Inorganic Chemistry. 2008 Jul;47(14):6153–61. DOI: 10.1021/ic7022727.
  • Perron NR, Brumaghim JL. A Review of the Antioxidant Mechanisms of Polyphenol Compounds Related to Iron Binding. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2009 Mar;53(2):75–100. DOI: 10.1007/s12013-009-9043-x.
  • Kim S, Kim H-J. Curing behavior and viscoelastic properties of pine and wattle tannin-based adhesives studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and FT-IR-ATR spectroscopy. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology. 2003 Jan;17(10):1369–83. DOI: 10.1163/156856103769172797.
  • Özacar M, Soykan C, Şengül İA. Studies on synthesis, characterization, and metal adsorption of mimosa and valonia tannin resins. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2006 Oct 5;102(1):786–97. DOI: 10.1002/app.23944.
  • Ardelean I, Toderas M, Paşcuţa P. Structural Study of the Fe 2 O 3 –B 2 O 3 –BaO Glass System by FTIR Spectroscopy. Modern Physics Letters B. 2003 Sep 20;17(22):1175–9. DOI: 10.1142/S0217984903006098.
  • Predoi D. A study on iron oxide nanoparticles coated with dextrin obtained by coprecipitation. Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures. 2007;2(1):169–73. URL: http://www.chalcogen.ro/Predoi-DJNB2.pdf.
  • Garro Galvez JM, Riedl B, Conner AH. Analytical Studies on Tara Tannins. Holzforschung. 1997 Jan;51(3):235–43. DOI: 10.1515/hfsg.1997.51.3.235
  • Aelenei N, Popa MI, Novac O, Lisa G, Balaita L. Tannic acid incorporation in chitosan-based microparticles and in vitro controlled release. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine. 2009 May;20(5):1095–102. DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3675-z.
  • Beltrán JJ, Novegil FJ, García KE, Barrero CA. On the reaction of iron oxides and oxyhydroxides with tannic and phosphoric acid and their mixtures. Hyperfine Interactions. 2010 Jan;195(1-3):133–40. DOI: 10.1007/s10751-009-0110-x.
  • Iglesias J, García de Saldaña E, Jaen J. On the tannic acid interaction with metallic iron. Hyperfine Interactions. 2001;134(1):109–14. URL: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1013838600599.
  • Bou-Abdallah F, Chasteen ND. Spin concentration measurements of high-spin (g′ = 4.3) rhombic iron(III) ions in biological samples: theory and application. JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry. 2007 Nov 29;13(1):15–24. DOI: 10.1007/s00775-007-0304-0.
  • Mekki A, Holland D, McConville CF, Salim M. An XPS study of iron sodium silicate glass surfaces. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids. 1996 Dec;208(3):267–76. DOI: 10.1016/S0022-3093(96)00523-6.
  • Panigrahy B, Aslam M, Bahadur D. Effect of Fe doping concentration on optical and magnetic properties of ZnO nanorods. Nanotechnology. 2012 Mar 23;23(11):115601. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/11/115601.
Toplam 44 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Pelin Erdem Bu kişi benim

Sevcan Altaş Bu kişi benim

Sevil Emen Tanrıkurt Bu kişi benim

Murat Kızıl

Mürüvvet Yurdakoc

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mayıs 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Mart 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Erdem P, Altaş S, Tanrıkurt SE, Kızıl M, Yurdakoc M. Synthesis, Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Fe(III)-Valex Complex. JOTCSA. 2016;3(2):131-46.