Poly(MMA-co-MI) nanocomposite with modified nano ZRP with KH570 linker: Preparation, characterization, and transparency properties

Year 2022, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 809 - 820, 31.08.2022

Fariborz Atabaki Gholam Ali Koohmareh , Samira Sarikhani

Abstract

In this study, zirconium phosphate was synthesized and modified with KH570 linker. It was then used to prepare several nanocomposites with different percent with poly (methyl methacrylate-co-N-2-methyl-4-nitro-phenylmaleimide) (Poly (MMA-co-MI)). The synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The particles size and structure determining showed nanoparticle are sheet and about 9-20 nm. Thermal stability of these compounds were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed adding nanoparticles to copolymer increased starting weight lost about 20 oC and finishing weight lost about 90 oC. The results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), showed that adding nanoparticles decreased the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the copolymer. The transparency of these nanocomposites were examined by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The results showed the best transparency refer to nanocomposites 0.5 to 1% of nanoparticles.

Keywords

Inorganic material, nanocomposite, synthesis of zirconium nanoparticle, transparency

Supporting Institution

Malek-ashtar University of Technology

References

• 1. Shafiee Hasani S, Ghazi Tabatabaei Z. Synthesis of Nanocomposites of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Coated with ZnO Nanoparticles in a Matrix of Poly Methyl Methacrylate and Study of Its Optical Properties. Nashrieh Shimi va Mohandesi Shimi Iran. 2019;38(3):23–32.
• 2. Fatalla AA, Tukmachi MS, Jani GH. Assessment of some mechanical properties of PMMA/silica/zirconia nanocomposite as a denture base material. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020 Nov;987(1):012031.
• 3. Tucureanu V, Matei A, Mihalache I, Danila M, Popescu M, Bita B. Synthesis and characterization of YAG:Ce,Gd and YAG:Ce,Gd/PMMA nanocomposites for optoelectronic applications. J Mater Sci. 2015 Feb;50(4):1883–90.
• 4. Singh AK, Prakash R, Pandey D. A comparative thermal, optical, morphological and mechanical properties studies of pristine and C15A nanoclay-modified PC/PMMA blends: a critical evaluation of the role of nanoclay particles as compatibilizers. RSC Adv. 2013;3(35):15411-20.
• 5. Schoth A, Wagner C, Hecht LL, Winzen S, Muñoz-Espí R, Schuchmann HP, et al. Structure control in PMMA/silica hybrid nanoparticles by surface functionalization. Colloid Polym Sci. 2014 Oct;292(10):2427–37.
• 6. Gianotti V, Antonioli D, Sparnacci K, Laus M, Giammaria TJ, Ferrarese Lupi F, et al. On the Thermal Stability of PS- b -PMMA Block and P(S- r -MMA) Random Copolymers for Nanopatterning Applications. Macromolecules. 2013 Oct 22;46(20):8224–34.
• 7. Ali Sabri B, Satgunam M, Abreeza N, N. Abed A. A review on enhancements of PMMA Denture Base Material with Different Nano-Fillers. Jones IP, editor. Cogent Engineering. 2021 Jan 1;8(1):1875968.
• 8. Azimi HR, Rezaei M, Majidi F. The non-isothermal degradation kinetics of St–MMA copolymers. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2014 Jan;99:240–8.
• 9. Teodorescu M. Free-radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with styrene in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol II. Influence of methyl methacrylate/styrene ratio. European Polymer Journal. 2002 May;38(5):841–6.
• 10. Lin CT, Kuo SW, Huang CF, Chang FC. Glass transition temperature enhancement of PMMA through copolymerization with PMAAM and PTCM mediated by hydrogen bonding. Polymer. 2010 Feb;51(4):883–9.
• 11. Gevrek TN, Bilgic T, Klok HA, Sanyal A. Maleimide-Functionalized Thiol Reactive Copolymer Brushes: Fabrication and Post-Polymerization Modification. Macromolecules. 2014 Nov 25;47(22):7842–51.
• 12. Konsulov V, Grozeva Z, Tacheva J, Tachev K. Study of the copolymerization of n-(dichlorophenyl) maleimides with methyl methacrylate. Bulgarian chemical communications. 2009;41(1):31–8.
• 13. Sanchez FA, Redondo M, Olmos D, Kuzmanovic M, González-Benito J. A Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study on Thermal Transitions of PMMA and PMMA/SiO 2 Nanocomposites. Macromol Symp. 2014 May;339(1):48–59.
• 14. Lerari D, Peeterbroeck S, Benali S, Benaboura A, Dubois Ph. Combining atom transfer radical polymerization and melt compounding for producing PMMA/clay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci. 2011 Aug 5;121(3):1355–64.
• 15. Hosoda T, Yamada T. Effect of TiO 2 on morphology and mechanical properties of PVDF/PMMA blend films prepared by melt casting process. J Appl Polym Sci. 2014 Jul 5;131(13):1-10.
• 16. Akinci A, Sen S, Sen U. Friction and wear behavior of zirconium oxide reinforced PMMA composites. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2014 Jan;56:42–7.
• 17. Zanotto A, Luyt AS, Spinella A, Caponetti E. Improvement of interaction in and properties of PMMA-MWNT nanocomposites through microwave assisted acid treatment of MWNT. European Polymer Journal. 2013 Jan;49(1):61–9.
• 18. Hazim A, Abduljalil HM, Hashim A. Structural, Spectroscopic, Electronic and Optical Properties of Novel Platinum Doped (PMMA/ZrO2) and (PMMA/Al2O3) Nanocomposites for Electronics Devices. Trans Electr Electron Mater. 2020 Dec;21(6):550–63.
• 19. Su W, Wang S, Wang X, Fu X, Weng J. Plasma pre-treatment and TiO2 coating of PMMA for the improvement of antibacterial properties. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2010 Oct;205(2):465–9.
• 20. Yıldırım A, Acay H, Baran A. Synthesis and characterization of the molecularly imprinted composite as a novel adsorbent and its competition with non-imprinting composite for removal of dye. JOTCSA. 2021;8(2):609–22.
• 21. Zidan S, Silikas N, Alhotan A, Haider J, Yates J. Investigating the Mechanical Properties of ZrO2-Impregnated PMMA Nanocomposite for Denture-Based Applications. Materials. 2019 Apr 25;12(8):1344.
• 22. Yi C, Yang Y, Liu B, He J, Nie Z. Polymer-guided assembly of inorganic nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev. 2020;49(2):465–508.
• 23. Adnan M, Dalod A, Balci M, Glaum J, Einarsrud MA. In Situ Synthesis of Hybrid Inorganic–Polymer Nanocomposites. Polymers. 2018 Oct 11;10(10):1129.
• 24. Hassanzadeh-Aghdam MK, Ansari R, Mahmoodi MJ, Darvizeh A. Effect of nanoparticle aggregation on the creep behavior of polymer nanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology. 2018 Jul;162:93–100.
• 25. Hamming LM, Qiao R, Messersmith PB, Catherine Brinson L. Effects of dispersion and interfacial modification on the macroscale properties of TiO2 polymer–matrix nanocomposites. Composites Science and Technology. 2009 Sep;69(11–12):1880–6.
• 26. Chau JLH, Hsieh CC, Lin YM, Li AK. Preparation of transparent silica–PMMA nanocomposite hard coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings. 2008 Jun;62(4):436–9.
• 27. Díaz A, Mosby BM, Bakhmutov VI, Martí AA, Batteas JD, Clearfield A. Self-Assembled Monolayers Based Upon a Zirconium Phosphate Platform. Chem Mater. 2013 Mar 12;25(5):723–8.
• 28. Alberti G, Vivani R, Biswas RK, Murcia-Mascarós S. Preparation and some properties of γ-zirconium phosphate benzenephosphonate. Reactive Polymers. 1993 May;19(1–2):1–12.
• 29. Zhou Y, Huang R, Ding F, Brittain AD, Liu J, Zhang M, et al. Sulfonic Acid-Functionalized α-Zirconium Phosphate Single-Layer Nanosheets as a Strong Solid Acid for Heterogeneous Catalysis Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2014 May 28;6(10):7417–25.
• 30. Atabaki F, Abdolmaleki A, Barati A. Free radical copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and N-2-methyl-4-nitro-phenylmaleimide: Improvement in the Tg of PMMA. Colloid Polym Sci. 2016 Feb;294(2):455–62.
• 31. Carter DP. Preparation of zirconium oxychloride [Internet]. US4256463A.1981 Available from: .
• 32. Baig U, Wani WA, Ting Hun L. Facile synthesis of an electrically conductive polycarbazole–zirconium( iv )phosphate cation exchange nanocomposite and its room temperature ammonia sensing performance. New J Chem. 2015;39(9):6882–91.
• 33. Barraclough C, Bradley D, Lewis J, Thomas I. 510. The infrared spectra of some metal alkoxides, trialkylsilyloxides, and related silanols. Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed). 1961;2601–5.
• 34. Matinlinna JP, Özcan M, Lassila LVJ, Vallittu PK. The effect of a 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltriisopropoxysilane blend and tris(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)isocyanurate on the shear bond strength of composite resin to titanium metal. Dental Materials. 2004 Nov;20(9):804–13.
• 35. Zhang FA, Song C, Yu CL. Effects of preparation methods on the property of PMMA/SBA-15 mesoporous silica composites. J Polym Res. 2011 Nov;18(6):1757–64.
• 36. Licoccia S, Trombetta M, Capitani D, Proietti N, Romagnoli P, Di Vona ML. ATR–FTIR and NMR spectroscopic studies on the structure of polymeric gel electrolytes for biomedical applications. Polymer. 2005 Jun;46(13):4670–5.
• 37. Choudhary V, Mishra A. Studies on the copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and N-aryl maleimides. J Appl Polym Sci. 1996 Oct 24;62(4):707–12.
• 38. Lee SS, Ahn TO. Direct polymer reaction of poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride): Polymeric imidization. J Appl Polym Sci. 1999 Feb 14;71(7):1187–96.
• 39. Shobhana E. X-Ray diffraction and UV-visible studies of PMMA thin films. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research. 2012;2(3):1092–5. 40. Patterson AL. The Scherrer Formula for X-Ray Particle Size Determination. Phys Rev. 1939 Nov 15;56(10):978–82.
• 41. Li X, Wang Z, Wu L, Tsai T. One-step in situ synthesis of a novel α-zirconium phosphate/graphene oxide hybrid and its application in phenolic foam with enhanced mechanical strength, flame retardancy and thermal stability. RSC Adv. 2016;6(78):74903–12.
• 42. Kozawa Y, Suzuki S, Miyayama M, Okumiya T, Traversa E. Proton conducting membranes composed of sulfonated poly(etheretherketone) and zirconium phosphate nanosheets for fuel cell applications. Solid State Ionics. 2010 Mar 11;181(5–7):348–53.
• 43. Carvalho HWP, Suzana AF, Santilli CV, Pulcinelli SH. Structure and thermal behavior of PMMA–polysilsesquioxane organic–inorganic hybrids. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2014 Jun;104:112–9.
• 44. Hatanaka LC, Diaz A, Wang Q, Cheng Z, Mannan MS. Thermal Stability of Optically Transparent Alpha-Zirconium Phosphate/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanocomposites with High Particle Loading. Polymers and Polymer Composites. 2017 May;25(4):267–72.