Investıgation of the Effects of Alcohol and Anti-Icing Additives on the Properties of Jet Fuel

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 3, 945 - 958

Fevzi Yaşar

https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1364666

Öz

In this study, the effects of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and Diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (di-EGME) added to jet fuel in certain proportions on the properties of jet fuel such as density, viscosity, freezing point, and ignition point was examined. By adding 2%, 5%, 7%, and 10% of each additive to JP-8 fuel, the required mixture was obtained and tested in the relevant devices. As a result of the experiments, it was determined that the density value of JP-8 fuel was 797 kg/m3 and this value did not vary greatly in the mixed ethanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, but with the addition of di-EGME, it increased significantly and reached 814.5 kg/m3. It was observed that the viscosity value did not vary greatly with the addition of methanol and ethanol but increased to 1.298 mm/s2 with the addition of 10% isopropanol and to 1.98 mm/s2 with the addition of di-EGM. The ignition point value of JP-8 fuel, which is 46 °C, was measured to be 40 °C with the addition of 10% methanol, 43.4 °C with the addition of 10% ethanol, 42.9 °C with the addition of 10% isopropanol, and 55.4 °C with the addition of di-EGM. The freezing point value of JP-8 fuel, which is -56.7 °C, was measured as -61.7 °C with the addition of 10% methanol, -62.1 °C with the addition of 10% of ethanol, -57.6 °C with the addition of 10% isopropanol and -54.6 °C with the addition of di-EGM.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ethanol, isopropanol, jet fuel, methanol, viscosity, density

Kaynakça

• 1. Çolakoğlu M, Aslan S, Kumdereli E. Biyokütle ve Biyoenerji Sektörlerine Genel Bakış [Internet]. 2021. Available from: <URL>.
• 2. Acar A. Unlocking demand-side response in Turkey: A white paper [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2024 May 9]. Available from: <URL>.
• 3. Cabrera E, de Sousa JMM. Use of Sustainable Fuels in Aviation—A Review. Energies [Internet]. 2022 Mar 26;15(7):2440. Available from: <URL>.
• 4. IRENA (Internatioanal Renewable Energy Agency). Renewable Power: Sharply falling generation costs [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2024 May 9]. Available from: <URL>.
• 5. Graver B, Zheng XS, Daniel R, Mukhopadhaya J, Pronk E. Vision 2050 Aligning Aviation with The Paris Agreement [Internet]. 2022. Available from: <URL>.
• 6. Aksoy T. Ups’in Biyodizel Yatırımı ve Havacılıkta Biyoyakıt Kullanımı [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2024 May 7]. Available from: <URL>.
• 7. Yamik H, Calam A, Solmaz H, İçingür Y. Effects of Diesel and JP-8 Aviation Fuel Blends on Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions in A Single Cylinder Diesel Engine. J Fac Eng Archit Gazi Univ [Internet]. 2013;28(4):787–93. Available from: <URL>.
• 8. N. Yilmaz, A. Atmanli Investigation of Alternative Fuel Utilization in Aviation. Journal of Sustainable Aviation Research, (2016),1(1), 3-10.
• 9. Solmaz H, Yamik H, Uyumaz A, Polat S, Yilmaz E. An Experimental Study on The Effects of Diesel and Jet-A1 Fuel Blends on Combustion, Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions in A Direct Injection Diesel Engine. J Therm Sci Technol [Internet]. 2016;36(2):51–60. Available from: <URL>.
• 10. Pulyaeva VN, Kharitonova NA, Kharitonova EN. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Production and Using of Liquid Biofuels. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng [Internet]. 2020 Dec 1;976(1):012031. Available from: <URL>.
• 11. Khan MAH, Bonifacio S, Clowes J, Foulds A, Holland R, Matthews JC, et al. Investigation of Biofuel as a Potential Renewable Energy Source. Atmosphere [Internet]. 2021 Oct 3;12(10):1289. Available from: <URL>.
• 12. Datta A, Hossain A, Roy S. An Overview on Biofuels and Their Advantages and Disadvantages. Asian J Chem [Internet]. 2019 Jul 7;31(8):1851–8. Available from: <URL>.
• 13. Perritano J. Top 10 Advantages of Biofuels [Internet]. [cited 2024 May 7]. Available from: <URL>.
• 14. Torkashvand M, Hasan-Zadeh A, Torkashvand A. Mini Review on Importance, Application, Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofuels. J Mater Environ Sci [Internet]. 2022;13(6):612–30. Available from: <URL>.
• 15. Jeswani HK, Chilvers A, Azapagic A. Environmental sustainability of biofuels: a review. Proc R Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci [Internet]. 2020 Nov 25;476(2243):20200351. Available from: <URL>.
• 16. Gürçam S. Global commercial aviation policies in the context of the climate crisis and an analysis of these approaches from the perspective of Türkiye. Environ Res Technol [Internet]. 2022 Sep 30;5(3):227–40. Available from: <URL>.
• 17. Peeters PM, Eijgelaar E. Tourism’s climate mitigation dilemma: Flying between rich and poor countries. Tour Manag [Internet]. 2014 Feb 1;40:15–26. Available from: <URL>.
• 18. Scott D, Peeters P, Gössling S. Can tourism deliver its “aspirational” greenhouse gas emission reduction targets? J Sustain Tour [Internet]. 2010 Apr 1;18(3):393–408. Available from: <URL>.
• 19. Filimonau V, Mika M, Pawlusiński R. Public attitudes to biofuel use in aviation: Evidence from an emerging tourist market. J Clean Prod [Internet]. 2018 Jan 20;172:3102–10. Available from: <URL>.
• 20. Prussi M, O’Connell A, Lonza L. Analysis of current aviation biofuel technical production potential in EU28. Biomass and Bioenergy [Internet]. 2019 Nov 1;130:105371. Available from: <URL>.
• 21. Gegg P, Budd L, Ison S. The market development of aviation biofuel: Drivers and constraints. J Air Transp Manag [Internet]. 2014 Jul 1;39:34–40. Available from: <URL>.
• 22. Mohsin R, Kumar T, Majid ZA, Kumar I, Manickam Wash A. Assessment of Usage of Biofuel in Aviation Industry in Malaysia. Chem Eng Trans [Internet]. 2017 Mar 20;56:277–82. Available from: <URL>.
• 23. Kandaramath Hari T, Yaakob Z, Binitha NN. Aviation biofuel from renewable resources: Routes, opportunities and challenges. Renew Sustain Energy Rev [Internet]. 2015 Feb 1;42:1234–44. Available from: <URL>.
• 24. Şen Y, Erdağ T. Evaluation of Air Transport Sector Development Stages with Pest Analysis:An Investigation in The Scope of 5 Periods+Covid-19 Pandemic Process Period. TroyAcademy [Internet]. 2021;6(2):422–61. Available from: <URL>.
• 25. Bengisu G. Bioethanol as an Alternative Fuel Source. Alınteri Zirai Bilim Derg [Internet]. 2014;27(2):43–52.
• 26. Department of Defense Test Method Standard, Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests, MIL-STD-810H. US Government Printing Office; 2003.
• 27. Çelebi AK, Uğur A. Fiscal Incentives for Biofuels: An Evaluation Turkey. Hacettepe Univ J Econ Adm Sci [Internet]. 2015 Aug 24;33(2):25–45. Available from: <URL>.
• 28. Avcı M. Investigation of the Effect of Alcohol and Anti-Icing Additives on the Properties of Jet Fuel. Batman University Graduate School of Education; 2022.
• 29. Van Dyk S, Saddler J. Progress in Commercialization of Biojet /Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF): Technologies, potential and challenges [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2024 May 9]. Available from: <URL>.
• 30. Drown DC, Harper K, Frame E. Screening vegetable oil alcohol esters as fuel lubricity enhancers. J Am Oil Chem Soc [Internet]. 2001 Jun 1;78(6):579–84. Available from: <URL>.
• 31. Edwards T. “Kerosene” Fuels for Aerospace Propulsion - Composition and Properties. In: 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit [Internet]. Indianapolis: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 2002. Available from: <URL>.
• 32. Heath E. Air Force JP-8 Fuel Distribution System: A Statistical Analysis to Determine Where and When to Sample [Internet]. Theses and Dissertations. Air Force Institute of Technology; 2005. Available from: <URL>.
• 33. ALS Türkiye. Petrol Ürünleri Kütüphanesi ve Diğer Organik Bileşikler [Internet]. [cited 2024 May 7]. Available from: <URL>.
• 34. NATO. Turbine Fuels, Aviation, Kerosene Types, NATO F-34 (Jp-8), NATO F-35, And Jp-8+100 [Internet]. 1992. Available from: <URL>.
• 35. ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). Toxicological Profile for JP-5, JP-8, and Jet a Fuels [Internet]. Available from: <URL>.
• 36. Reşitoğlu İA, Keskin A. Exhaust Emission Characteristics of Gasoline Engine Fuelled Propane-Methanol. Karaelmas Sci Eng J [Internet]. 2018;8(2):505–9. Available from: <URL>.
• 37. Keskin A. The Influence of Ethanol–Gasoline Blends on Spark Ignition Engine Vibration Characteristics and Noise Emissions. Energy Sources, Part A Recover Util Environ Eff [Internet]. 2010 Aug 13;32(20):1851–60. Available from: <URL>.
• 38. Beşergil B. Fuels and Oils. İzmir: Ege University Press; 2009.
• 39. Viswanath DS, Ghosh TK, Prasad DHL, Dutt NVK, Rani KY. Theories of Viscosity. In: Viscosity of Liquids [Internet]. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands; 2007. p. 109–33. Available from: <URL>.
• 40. Stauffer E, Dolan JA, Newman R. Flammable and Combustible Liquids. In: Fire Debris Analysis [Internet]. Elsevier; 2008. p. 199–233. Available from: <URL>.
• 41. Kabak N. Applıcatıons of Jp-8 Fuel on Diesel Engines. [Eskişehir]: Osmangazi University Institute of Science and Technology; 2005.
• 42. Care S. The usability of liquid fuel obtained by pyrolysis of coal and waste cotton oil together in diesel engines. Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences; 2014.