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The Effect of Different Accelerators on the Vulcanization of EPDM Rubber

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1267 - 1274, 30.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1416132

Abstract

: EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) is a type of synthetic rubber. The products of rubber have great importance in every part of life. EPDM rubber has high tensile strength, high tension, toughness, and is weather resistant. Therefore, EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene rubber) is widely used in many fields. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of accelerator type on mechanical properties and vulcanization characteristics of EPDM rubber. We used the accelerators; thiazole, sulfonamides, dithiocarbamate, thiuram, and guanidine groups. The results show that the fastest cure time and the best tensile strength are achieved with dithiocarbamates for EPDM rubber.

References

  • 1. Fazli A, Rodrigue D. Recycling Waste Tires into Ground Tire Rubber (GTR)/Rubber Compounds: A Review. J Compos Sci [Internet]. 2020 Jul 31;4(3):103. Available from: <URL>.
  • 2. Akpinar Borazan A. Preparation and Characterization of EPDM Rubber Mixture for a Heat Resistant Conveyor Belt Cover. Anadolu Univ J Sci Technol A - Appl Sci Eng [Internet]. 2017 Sep 30;18(2):507–20. Available from: <URL>.
  • 3. Arayapranee W, Rempel GL. Effects of cashew nut shell liquid as a plasticizer on cure characteristics, processability, and mechanical properties of 50 : 50 NR/EPDM blends: A comparison with paraffin oil. J Appl Polym Sci [Internet]. 2007 Nov 15;106(4):2696–702. Available from: <URL>.
  • 4. Nabil H, Ismail H, Azura AR. Compounding, mechanical and morphological properties of carbon-black-filled natural rubber/recycled ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (NR/R-EPDM) blends. Polym Test [Internet]. 2013 Apr;32(2):385–93. Available from: <URL>.
  • 5. Ulusoy H, Demir F. Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Rubbers Produced by Sulfur Vulcanization from EPDM Rubbers with Different Ethylene Ratios. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilim Enstitüsü Derg [Internet]. 2022 Feb 23;5:216–26. Available from: <URL>.
  • 6. Bartosik D, Szadkowski B, Kuśmierek M, Rybiński P, Mirkhodzhaev U, Marzec A. Advanced Ethylene-Propylene-Diene (EPDM) Rubber Composites Filled with Raw Silicon Carbide or Hybrid Systems with Different Conventional Fillers. Polymers [Internet]. 2022 Mar 29;14(7):1383. Available from: <URL>.
  • 7. Sing G, Mahajan A, Kumar M. Review Paper on Vulcanization of Rubber and It’s Properties. Glob J Eng Sci Res. 2015;2(8):1–4.
  • 8. Wang M, Zhu J, Zhang S, You G, Wu S. Influencing factors for vulcanization induction period of accelerator / natural rubber composites: Molecular simulation and experimental study. Polym Test [Internet]. 2019 Dec;80:106145. Available from: <URL>.
  • 9. Yang S yan, Jia Z xin, Liu L, Fu W wen, Jia D min, Luo Y fang. Insight into vulcanization mechanism of novel binary accelerators for natural rubber. Chinese J Polym Sci [Internet]. 2014 Aug 26;32(8):1077–85. Available from: <URL>.
  • 10. Ozturk E. Farklı kauçuk karışımlarının vulkanizasyonuna hızlandırıcıların etkisi. [Sakarya]: University of Sakarya; 2008.
  • 11. Alam MN, Mandal SK, Roy K, Debnath SC. Synergism of novel thiuram disulfide and dibenzothiazyl disulfide in the vulcanization of natural rubber: curing, mechanical and aging resistance properties. Int J Ind Chem [Internet]. 2014 Mar 25;5(1):8. Available from: <URL>.
  • 12. Keklikcioğlu Çakmak N, Engin YE. Synthesis and Characterization of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) Rubber Mixture. Omer Halisdemir Univ J Eng Sci [Internet]. 2019 Jul 31;8(2):1299–306. Available from: <URL>.
  • 13. Setyadawi NM, Mayasari HE. Curing Characteristic of Various Accelerators on Natural Rubber/Chloroprene Rubber Blends. J Din Penelit Ind [Internet]. 2020;31(2):154–62. Available from: <URL>.
  • 14. Formela K, Wąsowicz D, Formela M, Hejna A, Haponiuk J. Curing characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of reclaimed ground tire rubber cured with various vulcanizing systems. Iran Polym J [Internet]. 2015 Apr 10;24(4):289–97. Available from: <URL>.
  • 15. Alam MN, Kumar V, Potiyaraj P, Lee DJ, Choi J. Synergistic activities of binary accelerators in presence of magnesium oxide as a cure activator in the vulcanization of natural rubber. J Elastomers Plast [Internet]. 2022 Feb 10;54(1):123–44. Available from: <URL>.
  • 16. Samarasinghe I, Walpalage S, Edirisinghe D, Egodage S. Study on sulfur vulcanized natural rubber formulated with nitrosamine safe diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide/tertiary butyl benzothiazole sulphenamide binary accelerator system. Prog Rubber, Plast Recycl Technol [Internet]. 2021 Aug 11;37(3):190–202. Available from: <URL>.
  • 17. Nghiem TT, Nguyen BL, Huyen LT, Kawahara S. A novel approach to prepare self-healing vulcanized natural rubber using tetramethylthiuram disulfide. Polym J [Internet]. 2023 Oct 11;55(10):1097–102. Available from: <URL>.
  • 18. Nabil H, Ismail H, Azura AR. Optimization of accelerators on curing characteristics, tensile, and dynamic mechanical properties of (natural rubber)/(recycled ethylene‐propylene‐diene‐monomer) blends. J Vinyl Addit Technol [Internet]. 2015 Jun 26;21(2):79–88. Available from: <URL>.
  • 19. Marković G, Radovanović B, Marinović-Cincović M, Budinski-Simendić J. The Effect of Accelerators on Curing Characteristics and Properties of Natural Rubber/Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene Rubber Blend. Mater Manuf Process [Internet]. 2009 Oct 19;24(10–11):1224–8. Available from: <URL>.
  • 20. Erbek Cömez E, Öztürk S. Investigating Rheological, Mechanical and Heat Aging Effects of Different Accelerator Systems at EPDM Compounds. Int J Eng Res Dev [Internet]. 2023 Jun 2;15(2):654–64. Available from: <URL>.
Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 1267 - 1274, 30.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1416132

Abstract

References

  • 1. Fazli A, Rodrigue D. Recycling Waste Tires into Ground Tire Rubber (GTR)/Rubber Compounds: A Review. J Compos Sci [Internet]. 2020 Jul 31;4(3):103. Available from: <URL>.
  • 2. Akpinar Borazan A. Preparation and Characterization of EPDM Rubber Mixture for a Heat Resistant Conveyor Belt Cover. Anadolu Univ J Sci Technol A - Appl Sci Eng [Internet]. 2017 Sep 30;18(2):507–20. Available from: <URL>.
  • 3. Arayapranee W, Rempel GL. Effects of cashew nut shell liquid as a plasticizer on cure characteristics, processability, and mechanical properties of 50 : 50 NR/EPDM blends: A comparison with paraffin oil. J Appl Polym Sci [Internet]. 2007 Nov 15;106(4):2696–702. Available from: <URL>.
  • 4. Nabil H, Ismail H, Azura AR. Compounding, mechanical and morphological properties of carbon-black-filled natural rubber/recycled ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (NR/R-EPDM) blends. Polym Test [Internet]. 2013 Apr;32(2):385–93. Available from: <URL>.
  • 5. Ulusoy H, Demir F. Investigation of Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Rubbers Produced by Sulfur Vulcanization from EPDM Rubbers with Different Ethylene Ratios. Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Fen Bilim Enstitüsü Derg [Internet]. 2022 Feb 23;5:216–26. Available from: <URL>.
  • 6. Bartosik D, Szadkowski B, Kuśmierek M, Rybiński P, Mirkhodzhaev U, Marzec A. Advanced Ethylene-Propylene-Diene (EPDM) Rubber Composites Filled with Raw Silicon Carbide or Hybrid Systems with Different Conventional Fillers. Polymers [Internet]. 2022 Mar 29;14(7):1383. Available from: <URL>.
  • 7. Sing G, Mahajan A, Kumar M. Review Paper on Vulcanization of Rubber and It’s Properties. Glob J Eng Sci Res. 2015;2(8):1–4.
  • 8. Wang M, Zhu J, Zhang S, You G, Wu S. Influencing factors for vulcanization induction period of accelerator / natural rubber composites: Molecular simulation and experimental study. Polym Test [Internet]. 2019 Dec;80:106145. Available from: <URL>.
  • 9. Yang S yan, Jia Z xin, Liu L, Fu W wen, Jia D min, Luo Y fang. Insight into vulcanization mechanism of novel binary accelerators for natural rubber. Chinese J Polym Sci [Internet]. 2014 Aug 26;32(8):1077–85. Available from: <URL>.
  • 10. Ozturk E. Farklı kauçuk karışımlarının vulkanizasyonuna hızlandırıcıların etkisi. [Sakarya]: University of Sakarya; 2008.
  • 11. Alam MN, Mandal SK, Roy K, Debnath SC. Synergism of novel thiuram disulfide and dibenzothiazyl disulfide in the vulcanization of natural rubber: curing, mechanical and aging resistance properties. Int J Ind Chem [Internet]. 2014 Mar 25;5(1):8. Available from: <URL>.
  • 12. Keklikcioğlu Çakmak N, Engin YE. Synthesis and Characterization of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) Rubber Mixture. Omer Halisdemir Univ J Eng Sci [Internet]. 2019 Jul 31;8(2):1299–306. Available from: <URL>.
  • 13. Setyadawi NM, Mayasari HE. Curing Characteristic of Various Accelerators on Natural Rubber/Chloroprene Rubber Blends. J Din Penelit Ind [Internet]. 2020;31(2):154–62. Available from: <URL>.
  • 14. Formela K, Wąsowicz D, Formela M, Hejna A, Haponiuk J. Curing characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of reclaimed ground tire rubber cured with various vulcanizing systems. Iran Polym J [Internet]. 2015 Apr 10;24(4):289–97. Available from: <URL>.
  • 15. Alam MN, Kumar V, Potiyaraj P, Lee DJ, Choi J. Synergistic activities of binary accelerators in presence of magnesium oxide as a cure activator in the vulcanization of natural rubber. J Elastomers Plast [Internet]. 2022 Feb 10;54(1):123–44. Available from: <URL>.
  • 16. Samarasinghe I, Walpalage S, Edirisinghe D, Egodage S. Study on sulfur vulcanized natural rubber formulated with nitrosamine safe diisopropyl xanthogen polysulfide/tertiary butyl benzothiazole sulphenamide binary accelerator system. Prog Rubber, Plast Recycl Technol [Internet]. 2021 Aug 11;37(3):190–202. Available from: <URL>.
  • 17. Nghiem TT, Nguyen BL, Huyen LT, Kawahara S. A novel approach to prepare self-healing vulcanized natural rubber using tetramethylthiuram disulfide. Polym J [Internet]. 2023 Oct 11;55(10):1097–102. Available from: <URL>.
  • 18. Nabil H, Ismail H, Azura AR. Optimization of accelerators on curing characteristics, tensile, and dynamic mechanical properties of (natural rubber)/(recycled ethylene‐propylene‐diene‐monomer) blends. J Vinyl Addit Technol [Internet]. 2015 Jun 26;21(2):79–88. Available from: <URL>.
  • 19. Marković G, Radovanović B, Marinović-Cincović M, Budinski-Simendić J. The Effect of Accelerators on Curing Characteristics and Properties of Natural Rubber/Chlorosulphonated Polyethylene Rubber Blend. Mater Manuf Process [Internet]. 2009 Oct 19;24(10–11):1224–8. Available from: <URL>.
  • 20. Erbek Cömez E, Öztürk S. Investigating Rheological, Mechanical and Heat Aging Effects of Different Accelerator Systems at EPDM Compounds. Int J Eng Res Dev [Internet]. 2023 Jun 2;15(2):654–64. Available from: <URL>.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Polymerisation Mechanisms, Polymer Science and Technologies
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLES
Authors

Murat Teker 0000-0001-7699-0504

Ayşe Usluoğlu 0000-0002-7523-4210

Esra Öztürk 0009-0000-3339-6425

Early Pub Date July 16, 2024
Publication Date August 30, 2024
Submission Date January 8, 2024
Acceptance Date June 14, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Teker M, Usluoğlu A, Öztürk E. The Effect of Different Accelerators on the Vulcanization of EPDM Rubber. JOTCSA. 2024;11(3):1267-74.