Microstructure, Crystal Lattice, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Bi2O3 Ceramics Doped with Some Rare Earth Oxides Depending on Doping Ratios

Enis Sert; Mehtap Payveren Arıkan; Ali Yiğit; Mehmet Ari; Buket Saatçi

doi:10.54565/jphcfum.1699132

Microstructure, Crystal Lattice, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Bi2O3 Ceramics Doped with Some Rare Earth Oxides Depending on Doping Ratios

Abstract

In this study, Bi2O3-based ceramic powders doped with different amounts of some rare earth oxides (Dy2O3, Sm2O3, Ho2O3 and CeO2) were synthesized using solid-state reactions under atmospheric conditions. 5Dy5Sm10Ho5Ce (A1 - 5% Dy: 5% Sm: 5% Ho:5 % Ce, 1:1:1:1) sample has both δ-Bi2O3 and cubic CeO2 phases. However, δ -Bi2O3 cubic phase peaks predominate. The δ-Bi2O3 cubic phase has a unit cell parameter of 5.525 Å and the CeO2 cubic phase has a unit cell parameter of 5.411 Å. The conductivity measurements showed that among the samples of which cubic δ phase is stabilized at 900 °C, the A1 sample has the highest electrical conductivity with 4.05x10-1 S/cm. The XRD measurement for 5Dy5Sm15Ho5Ce (A2-5% Dy: 5% Sm: 10% Ho: 5% Ce, 1:1:2:1) showed that, the (hkl) parameters obtained from the XRD peaks of Bi2O3 shifted very little as the amount of Ho increased and it has left its place to the Bi1.5Ho0.5O3 cubic phase structure. The Bi1.5Ho0.5O3 cubic phase has a unit cell parameter of 5.497 Å. In addition, the increase in the contribution rate resulted in the maintenance of this phase. The miller indices of the most intense peaks for both Bi1.5Ho0.5O3 and Bi2O3 were determined as (111), (200), (220) and (311). Additionally, according to FE–SEM pictures acquired at 5 μm and 2 μm distances, grain size is not uniform throughout the surface, and the grain boundary line varies sharply as dopant concentration increases. According to SEM images, grain sizes are not uniform across the surface and decreased as the additive concentration increased. Magnetization measurements revealed a paramagnetism at room temperature and very low temperatures.

Keywords

References

[1] Çetinkaya, M., Karaosmanoglu F., 2005. Yakit pilleri, Makine Mühendisleri Odası Tesisat Mühendisliği Dergisi., 75, 7–19.
[2] Yegen, M.S., Yegen,G., Erkan, E., Kepoglu,G., 2008. Hidrojen ve yakıt pilleri projelerine bir bakış içinde: Ulus. temiz Enerj. sempozyumu, İTÜ, İstanbul, ss. 591–598.
[3] Yılmaz, A., Ünvar, S., Ekmen, M., Aydın, S., 2017. YAKIT PİLİ TEKNOLOJİSİ, Technol. Appl. Sci. 12, 185–192.
[4] Durmuş, S., 2012. Eu2O3, Gd2O3, Ho2O3, Dy2O3 Katkılı Bi2O3 Tabanlı Katı Elektrolit Sistemlerinin Sentezlenmesi ve Karakterizasyonu, Erciyes University.
[5] Jung, D.W., 2009. Conductivity and stability of bismuth oxide-based electrolytes and their applications for IT-SOFCs, University of Florida.
[6]Arı, M., Balcı, M., Polat, Y., 2018. Synthesis and characterization of (Bi2O3)1−x−y−z (Gd2O3)x (Sm2O3)y (Eu2O3)z quaternary solid solutions for solid oxide fuel cell, Chinese J. Phys. 56, 2958–2966.
[7]Polat, Y., Arı M., Dağdemir,Y., 2018. Magnetic Properties of Co-doped Bismuth Oxide (δ-Bi2O3) at Low Temperature, J. Low Temp. Phys., 193, 74–84.
[8] Kayalı, R., Özen, M.K., Bezir, N.Ç., Evcin, A., Effect of concentration of Sm2O3 and Yb2O3 and synthesizing temperature on electrical and crystal structure of (Bi2O3)1−x−y(Sm2O3)x(Yb2O3)y electrolytes fabricated for IT- SOFCs, Phys. B Condens. Matter. 489, 39–44.

[9] Kobayashi, K., Tsunoda, T., 2004. Oxygen permeation and electrical transport properties of 60 vol.% Bi1.6Y0.4O3 and 40 vol.% Ag composite prepared by the sol–gel method, Solid State Ionics. 175, 405–408.
[10] Guo, W., Liu, J., 2010. A novel design of anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells with Y2O3-doped Bi2O3, LaGaO3 and La-doped CeO2 trilayer electrolyte, J. Power Sources. 195, 8185–8188.
[11] Leszczynska, M., Holdynski, M., Krok, F., Abrahams, I., Liu, X., Wrobel, W., 2010. Structural and electrical properties of Bi3Nb1−xErxO7−x, Solid State Ionics. 181, 796–811.
[12] Jung, D.W., Duncan, K.L., Wachsman, E.D., 2010. Effect of total dopant concentration and dopant ratio on conductivity of (DyO1.5)x–(WO3)y–(BiO1.5)1−x−y, Acta Mater., 58, 355–363.
[13] Aytimur, A., Koçyiğit, S., Uslu, İ., Durmuşoğlu, Ş. Akdemir, A., 2013. Fabrication and characterization of bismuth oxide–holmia nanofibers and nanoceramics, Curr. Appl. Phys., 13, 581–586.
[14] Aidhy, D.S., Nino, J.C., Sinnott, S.B., Wachsman, E.D., Phillpot, S.R., 2008. Vacancy-Ordered Structure of Cubic Bismuth Oxide from Simulation and Crystallographic Analysis, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 91, 2349–2356.
[15] Wang, S.-F., Hsu, Y.-F., Tsai, W.-C., Lu, H.-C., 2012. The phase stability and electrical conductivity of Bi2O3 ceramics stabilized by Co-dopants, J. Power Sources., 218, 106–112.
[16] Chou, T., Liu, L.-D., Wei, W.-C.J., 2011. Phase stability and electric conductivity of Er2O3–Nb2O5 co-doped Bi2O3 electrolyte, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 31, 3087–3094.
[17] Koçyiğit, S 2018. Boron and praseodymium doped bismuth oxide nanocomposites: Preparation and sintering effects, J. Alloys Compd. 740, 941–948.
[18] Wachsman, E.D., Boyapati, S., Jiang, N. 2001. Effect of dopant polarizability on oxygen sublattice order in phase-stabilized cubic bismuth oxides, Ionics (Kiel). 7,1–6.
[19] Koçyiǧit, S., Gökmen, Ö., Temel, S., Aytimur, A., Uslu, I., Haman Bayari, S., 2013. Structural investigation of boron undoped and doped indium stabilized bismuth oxide nanoceramic powders, Ceram. Int., 39, 7767–7772.
[20] Enamullah, Venkateswara, Y., Gupta, S., Varma, M.R., Singh, P., Suresh, K.G., Alam, A., 2015. Electronic structure, magnetism, and antisite disorder in CoFeCrGe and CoMnCrAl quaternary Heusler alloys, Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 92, 1–7.
[21] Kalaycioglu, N.O., Çirçir, E., 2012. Synthesis, characterization and oxide ionic conductivity of binary β-(Bi2O 3) 1-x(Lu2O3)x system, J. Chinese Chem. Soc. 59, 28–31.
[22] Kumar, A., Yadav, K.L., 2013. Enhanced magnetodielectric properties of single-phase Bi 0.95-xLa0.05LuxFeO3 multiferroic system, J. Alloys Compd., 554, 138–141.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Condensed Matter Physics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Enis Sert
0000-0002-7762-4941
Türkiye

Mehtap Payveren Arıkan
0000-0002-8037-4904
Türkiye

Ali Yiğit
0000-0001-6739-5869
Türkiye

Mehmet Ari
0000-0002-4511-6811
Türkiye

Buket Saatçi ^*
0000-0002-1351-5279
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 23, 2025

Submission Date

May 14, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 5, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1699132

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA33LY83MD

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Sert, E., Payveren Arıkan, M., Yiğit, A., Ari, M., & Saatçi, B. (2025). Microstructure, Crystal Lattice, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Bi2O3 Ceramics Doped with Some Rare Earth Oxides Depending on Doping Ratios. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, 8(2), 196-206. https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1699132

AMA

1.Sert E, Payveren Arıkan M, Yiğit A, Ari M, Saatçi B. Microstructure, Crystal Lattice, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Bi2O3 Ceramics Doped with Some Rare Earth Oxides Depending on Doping Ratios. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2025;8(2):196-206. doi:10.54565/jphcfum.1699132

Chicago

Sert, Enis, Mehtap Payveren Arıkan, Ali Yiğit, Mehmet Ari, and Buket Saatçi. 2025. “Microstructure, Crystal Lattice, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Bi2O3 Ceramics Doped With Some Rare Earth Oxides Depending on Doping Ratios”. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 8 (2): 196-206. https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1699132.

EndNote

Sert E, Payveren Arıkan M, Yiğit A, Ari M, Saatçi B (December 1, 2025) Microstructure, Crystal Lattice, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Bi2O3 Ceramics Doped with Some Rare Earth Oxides Depending on Doping Ratios. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 8 2 196–206.

IEEE

[1]E. Sert, M. Payveren Arıkan, A. Yiğit, M. Ari, and B. Saatçi, “Microstructure, Crystal Lattice, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Bi2O3 Ceramics Doped with Some Rare Earth Oxides Depending on Doping Ratios”, Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 196–206, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.54565/jphcfum.1699132.

ISNAD

Sert, Enis - Payveren Arıkan, Mehtap - Yiğit, Ali - Ari, Mehmet - Saatçi, Buket. “Microstructure, Crystal Lattice, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Bi2O3 Ceramics Doped With Some Rare Earth Oxides Depending on Doping Ratios”. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 8/2 (December 1, 2025): 196-206. https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1699132.

JAMA

1.Sert E, Payveren Arıkan M, Yiğit A, Ari M, Saatçi B. Microstructure, Crystal Lattice, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Bi2O3 Ceramics Doped with Some Rare Earth Oxides Depending on Doping Ratios. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2025;8:196–206.

MLA

Sert, Enis, et al. “Microstructure, Crystal Lattice, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Bi2O3 Ceramics Doped With Some Rare Earth Oxides Depending on Doping Ratios”. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, vol. 8, no. 2, Dec. 2025, pp. 196-0, doi:10.54565/jphcfum.1699132.

Vancouver

1.Enis Sert, Mehtap Payveren Arıkan, Ali Yiğit, Mehmet Ari, Buket Saatçi. Microstructure, Crystal Lattice, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Bi2O3 Ceramics Doped with Some Rare Earth Oxides Depending on Doping Ratios. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2025 Dec. 1;8(2):196-20. doi:10.54565/jphcfum.1699132