Enthalpies of phase change for para substituted benzonitriles applied solution calorimetry-additive scheme approach

Rawand Samad

doi:10.54565/jphcfum.1906036

Enthalpies of phase change for para substituted benzonitriles applied solution calorimetry-additive scheme approach

Abstract

Benzonitriles are basic compounds in manufacturing LED lamps. To get high quality and stability of the lamps it is crucial to know phase transition thermodynamics. Therefore, studying on solvation and evaporation enthalpies of the substituted benzonitriles have been crucial working. The solvation and evaporation enthalpies are determined the additive scheme approach and solution calorimetry method. In addition, evaporation enthalpy measured at 298.15 K solution calorimetry method from solvation enthalpy and solution enthalpy of the compounds. Enthalpy of solution values of the compounds into benzonitrile solvent are measure in high accuracy which their standard deviation are less than 1 kJ mole-1. Accordingly, the values obtained in this work were compared to those literature data, there is got them with higher accuracy as well as the para position affect on phase transition enthalpies.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Salahaddin University - Erbil

Thanks

Department of physical chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia, department of chemistry, college of science, Salahaddin univesity-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Chemical Thermodynamics and Energetics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Rawand Samad ^*
0000-0001-7072-6358
Iraq

Publication Date

June 29, 2026

Submission Date

March 9, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 26, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1906036

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA73GM97BF

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Samad, R. (2026). Enthalpies of phase change for para substituted benzonitriles applied solution calorimetry-additive scheme approach. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, 9(1), 73-77. https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1906036

AMA

1.Samad R. Enthalpies of phase change for para substituted benzonitriles applied solution calorimetry-additive scheme approach. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2026;9(1):73-77. doi:10.54565/jphcfum.1906036

Chicago

Samad, Rawand. 2026. “Enthalpies of Phase Change for Para Substituted Benzonitriles Applied Solution Calorimetry-Additive Scheme Approach”. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 9 (1): 73-77. https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1906036.

EndNote

Samad R (June 1, 2026) Enthalpies of phase change for para substituted benzonitriles applied solution calorimetry-additive scheme approach. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 9 1 73–77.

IEEE

[1]R. Samad, “Enthalpies of phase change for para substituted benzonitriles applied solution calorimetry-additive scheme approach”, Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 73–77, June 2026, doi: 10.54565/jphcfum.1906036.

ISNAD

Samad, Rawand. “Enthalpies of Phase Change for Para Substituted Benzonitriles Applied Solution Calorimetry-Additive Scheme Approach”. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 9/1 (June 1, 2026): 73-77. https://doi.org/10.54565/jphcfum.1906036.

JAMA

1.Samad R. Enthalpies of phase change for para substituted benzonitriles applied solution calorimetry-additive scheme approach. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2026;9:73–77.

MLA

Samad, Rawand. “Enthalpies of Phase Change for Para Substituted Benzonitriles Applied Solution Calorimetry-Additive Scheme Approach”. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, vol. 9, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 73-77, doi:10.54565/jphcfum.1906036.

Vancouver

1.Rawand Samad. Enthalpies of phase change for para substituted benzonitriles applied solution calorimetry-additive scheme approach. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2026 Jun. 1;9(1):73-7. doi:10.54565/jphcfum.1906036