DETERMINATION OF THE CHEMICAL EFFECT IN THE LANTHANIDE GROUP OF ELEMENTS USING WAVE DISPERSIVE X-RAY SPECTROMETRY

Abstract

In this study, chemical effect  changes on the lines of  L_α1, L_α2, L_β1, L_β2, L_β3, L_β4, L_β6, L_γ1, L_γ2 and L_γ3 were examined by using a Rigaku single-crystal (LiF) ZSX 100e wavelength dispersive X-Ray spectrometer (WDXRF). In our research, proportional counter (PC) was used for wavelengths less than 0,336 nm and scintillation counter (SC) was used for wavelengths more than 0,154 nm. X-rays could be counted simultaneously both PC and SC in LiF crystal of our device. Depending on the chemical state of the mater, chemical effect may bring about some modifications in values of energy of X-Ray line, full width at half maximum (FWHM), asymmetry index (AI). These effects are different for each main group elements have been investigated to what or what could be caused these differences. Also chemical effects researched depend on status of the chemical bonds and number of valence electrons. Results of the measurements evaluated by Orjin 8.0 program and in order to prevent from faults may occur during the measurements, best experimental geometry conditions determined.

Keywords

• WDXRF,X-Ray line,Full width at half maximum (FWHM)

References

1. 1- P. Glatzel,U. Bergmann, High resolution 1s core hole X-ray spectroscopy in 3d transition metal complexes-electronic and structural information, Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2005, 249, 65-95.
2. 2- J.H. Guo, S.M. Butorin, N. Wassdahl, P. Skytt, J. Nordgren and Y. Ma, Electronic structure of La2−xSrxCuO4 studied by soft-x-ray-fluorescence spectroscopy with tunable excitation, Phys. Rev. B, 1994, 49, 1376.
3. 3- S.M. Butorin, D.C. Mancini, J.H. Guo, N. Wassdahl, J. Nordgren, M. Nakazawa, S. Tanaka, T. Uozumi, A. Kotani, Y. Ma, K. E. Myano, B.A. Karlin and D.K. Shuh, Resonant X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Correlated Systems: A Probe of Charge-Transfer Excitations, Phys. Rev. Lett., 1996, 77, 574.
4. 4- T.Yoshimuraa, Y. Tamenori, A. Suzuki, R. Nakashima, N. Iwasaki, H. Hasegawae, H. Kawahataa, Element profile and chemical environment of sulfur in a giant clam shell: Insights from μ-XRF and X-ray absorption near-edge structure, Chemical Geology, 2013, 352, 170-175.
5. 5- D.B. Hunter, P.M. Bertsch, K.M. Kemner and S.B. Clark, Distribution and Chemical Speciation of Metals and Metalloids in Biota Collected from Contaminated Environments by Spatially Resolved XRF, XANES, and EXAFS, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure, J. Phys. IV, France 1997, C2-767-771.
6. 6- E. Boydaş, E. Orhan, M.G. Boydaş, E. Cömert, Chemical shifts of Ka and Kb1,3 X-ray emission spectra for oxygen compounds of Ti, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu with WDXRF, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 195 ( 2015 ) 1757 –1761.
7. 7- S. Porikli, D. Demir and Y. Kurucu, Variation of Kβ/Kα X-ray intensity ratio and lineshape with the effects of external magnetic field and chemical combination, 2008, Eur. Phys. J. D 47, 315–323.
8. 8- S. Nishibu, S. Yonezawa, M. Takashima, J. Fluorine Chem. 2005, 126, 1048.

9. 9- H.S. Kainth, R.Singh, J.S. Shahi, T. Singh, Study of chemical shift in Ll and Lƞ X‐ray emission lines in different chemical forms of 48Cd and 50Sn compounds using WDXRF technique, X-Ray Spectrometry, 2018, 47(2), 116-126.
10. 10- S. Raj, H.C. Padhi, M. Polasik, Influence of chemical effect on the Kβ-to-Kα x-ray intensity ratios of Cr, Mn and Co in CrSe, MnSe, MnS and CoS, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 160(4), 443-448.
11. 11- S. Porikli, Y. Kurucu, Effect of an External Magnetic Field on the Kα and Kβ X-Ray Emission Lines of the 3d Transition Metals, Instrumentation Science&Technology, 2008, 36(4), 341-354.
12. 12- H. Baltas, B. Ertugral, C. Kantar, S. Sasmaz, E. Yılmaz and U. Cevik, Kβ/Kα X-Ray Intensity Ratios for Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn in Phthalocyanines Complexes, Acta Physica Polonica, 2011, 119(6), 764-768.