MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE METHOD FOR ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS

Abstract

X-ray fluorescence spectrometers use high energy X-rays (or gamma rays) to excite fluorescent radiation from a sample for quantitative chemical or elemental analysis and have many industrial and research applications. XRF is primarily used as a non-destructive method for investigation of metals, minerals, environmental samples, food constituents, body fluids and biopsies. Microanalysis is the identification of the chemical elements present either within or on the surface of an object, and additionally, how the atoms of the elements are arranged with respect to each other. Identification of the elements present may be qualitative or quantitative. Techniques for estimation of element levels directly in humans (noninvasive in vivo) or in samples (in vitro) from humans are reviewed. Toxic, nonessential, trace elements may cause temporary or permanent damage to various organs and tissues in humans. There is thus a need to control the concentrations.In this work, we discuss applications in key areas with a view to providing examples of how the technique can provide information on biological and medical systems. Our goal is to provide useful and pertinent information to encourage and enable further use of this powerful method in chemical and biochemical studies.

Keywords

• XRF,Microanalysis

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