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The Reactions that Increase and Decrease Co2 Concentration During Viral Infection Like Covid-19 Virus: the Effect of Vitamin C

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 14 - 19, 20.06.2020

Öz

It is known that some patients do not show any disease symptoms. The human body can resist all kinds of viruses. However, the immune system must be resistant to this virus. In viral infection treatment processes, developing an antiviral drug against the virus should be the second option. The first option is to support the immune system, so as to block propagation medium of virus. The main purpose of this study is to determine whether the vitamin C given to the patient is sufficient to prevent the formation of low pH environment that accelerates spread of virus. For this reason, the CO2 molecule must be easily separated from human body. Viral RNA viruses indirectly affect the carbonic anhydrase-9 enzyme, working on transmembrane, known as a pH-regulating enzyme. Interaction of vitamin C with oxidants has been shown to inhibit carbonic anhydrase-9 enzyme reactions. As a result of the interaction of vitamin C with oxidants, newly formed molecular formations affect carbonic anhydrase-9 enzyme reaction. This new molecule blocks the amino acids to which zinc, which is the coenzyme of the enzyme, binds.

Teşekkür

The authors are grateful to Bitlis Eren University for Gaussian09W and GaussView5.0 Program support and to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey for TR-Grid facilities. Also the authors thank Dr. Metin KARAGÖZ for his valuable comments.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Harri Hemilä, Vitamin C intake and susceptibility to pneumonia, The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal: 1997, 16, 9, 836-837.
  • 2. Majid Rezaei Basiri, Theory about Treatments and Morbidity Prevention of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19), Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2020, 8, 89-90.
  • 3. Richard Z. Cheng, Can early and high intravenous dose of vitamin C prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?, Medicine in Drug Discovery, 2020 (in press.)
  • 4. Anitra C. Carr, a new clinical trial to test high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19, Critical Care (2020) 24:133.
  • 5. Abel Ang, Juliet M. Pullar, Margaret J. Currie and Margreet C.M. Vissers, Vitamin C and immune cell function in inflammation and cancer, Biochemical Society Transactions (2018) 46 1147–1159.
  • 6. Carr, Anitra C, and Silvia Maggini, Vitamin C and Immune Function, Nutrients, 2017, 9, 11, 1211, doi:10.3390/nu9111211.
  • 7. Hrvoje Jakovac, COVID-19 and vitamin D—Is there a link and an opportunity for intervention?, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 318: E589, 2020.
  • 8. Majid Teymoori‐Rad, Fazel Shokri, Vahid Salimi, Sayed Mahdi Marashi, The interplay between vitamin D and viral infections, Rev Med Virol. 2019;29: e2032.
  • 9. Alba Panarese, Endrit Shahini, Letter: Covid-19, and vitamin D, Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;00: 1–3.
  • 10. Mahmoud Kandeel, Mohammed Al-Nazawi, Virtual screening and repurposing of FDA approved drugs against COVID-19 main protease, Life Sciences, 2020, 251, 117627.
  • 11. Manli Wang, Ruiyuan Cao, Leike Zhang, Xinglou Yang, Jia Liu, Mingyue Xu, Zhengli Shi, Zhihong Hu, Wu Zhong and Gengfu Xiao, Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro, Cell Research, 2020, 30, 269–271.
  • 12. Rosa SGV and Santos WC. Clinical trials on drug repositioning for COVID-19 treatment. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2020, 44: e40.
  • 13. Roger Meli, Thomas Nauser, Petr Latal, Willem H. Koppenol, Reaction of Peroxynitrite with Carbon Dioxide: Intermediates and Determination of the Yield of CO3- and NO2, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., 2002 7, 31-36.
  • 14. Sandra Serrano-Luginbuehl, Reinhard Kissner, and Willem Hendrik Koppenol, The Reaction of CO2 with ONOO-. One Molecule of CO2 is not Enough, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2018, 31, 8, 721-730.
  • 15. Houwen Zhang, Giuseppe L. Squadrito, and William A. Pryor, The Mechanism of the Peroxynitrite–Carbon Dioxide Reaction Probed Using Tyrosine, Nitric Oxide: Biology and Chemistry, 1997, 1, 4, 301–307.
  • 16. William A. Pryor, Jean-Noe¨L Lemercier, Houwen Zhang, Rao M. Uppu, And Giuseppe L. Squadrito, The Catalytic Role of Carbon Dioxide in The Decomposition of Peroxynitrite, Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 1997, 23, 2, 331–338.
  • 17. Z. Pengt and Kenneth M. Men, Jr., Theoretical Investigation of the CO2 +OH-  HCO3- Reaction in the Gas and Aqueous Phases, J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1993,115, 9640-9647.
  • 18. Rossana Occhipinti, Walter F. Boron, Role of Carbonic Anhydrases and Inhibitors in Acid–Base Physiology: Insights from Mathematical Modeling, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3841; doi:10.3390/ijms20153841.
  • 19. E. Kupriyanova, N. Pronina, and D. Los, Carbonic anhydrase – a universal enzyme of the carbon-based life, Photosynthetica, 2017, 55, 3-19.
  • 20. Jean-Yves Winum, Carbonic anhydrase enzymes for regulating mast cell hematopoiesis and type-2 inflammation: a patent evaluation (WO2017/058370), Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018, DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1501472.
  • 21. Büşra Tezcan, Nejla Mendil Erdoğan, Özcan Erdemli, Transfüzyon İkileminin Çözümü:Doku Oksijenasyonu ve Kritik Hemoglobin, Acıbadem Universitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2015, 6, 1.
  • 22. Anitra Carr and Balz Frei, Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions, The Faseb Journal, 1999, 1007-1024.
  • 23. Man Nien Schuchmann and Clemens von Sonntag, Determination of the Rate Constants of the Reactions CO2 +OH-  HCO3— and Barbituric Acid -> Barbiturate Anion + H+ Using the Pulse Radiolysis Technique, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B, 37,9, 2014.
  • 24. Anthony J. Nappi and Emily Vass, Hydroxyl Radical Production by Ascorbate and Hydrogen Peroxide, Neurotoxicity Research, 2012, 2, 343-355.
  • 25. Frisch, M.J.; Trucks, G.W.; Schlegel, H.B.; Scuseria, G.E.; Robb, M.A.; Cheeseman, J.R.; Scalmani, G.; Barone, V.; Mennucci, B.; Petersson, G.A.; Nakatsuji, H.; Caricato, M.; Hratchian, X. Li,H.P.; Izmaylov, A.F.; Bloino, J.; Zheng, G.; Sonnenberg, J.L.; Hada, M.; Ehara, M.; Toyota, K. ; Fukuda, R. ; Hasegawa, J.; Ishida, M.; Nakajima, T.; Honda, Y.; Kitao, O.; Nakai, H.; Vreven, T.; Montgomery Jr. J.A.; Peralta, J.E.; Ogliaro, F.; Bearpark, M.; Heyd, J.J.; Brothers, E.; Kudin, K.N.; Staroverov, V.N.; Kobayashi, R.; Normand, J.; Raghavachari, K.; Rendell, A.; Burant, J.C.; Iyengar, S.S.; Tomasi, J.; Cossi, M.; Rega, N.; Millam, J.M.; Klene, M.; Knox, J.E.; Cross, J.B.; Bakken, V.; Adamo, C.; Jaramillo, J. ; Gomperts, R.; Stratmann, R.E.; Yazyev, O.; Austin, A.J.; Cammi, R.; Pomelli, C.; Ochterski, J.W.; Martin, R.L.; Morokuma, K.; Zakrzewski, V.G.; Voth, G.A.; Salvador, P.; Dannenberg, J.J.; Dapprich, S.; Daniels, A.D.; Farkas, O.; Foresman, J.B.; Ortiz, J.V.; Cioslowski, J.; Fox, D.J. Gaussian 09, Revision A.1, Gaussian Inc., Wallingford CT 2009.
  • 26. DeLano, W. L. (2002). Pymol: An open-source molecular graphics tool. CCP4 Newsletter On Protein Crystallography, 40, 82-92.
Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 14 - 19, 20.06.2020

Öz

Kaynakça

  • 1. Harri Hemilä, Vitamin C intake and susceptibility to pneumonia, The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal: 1997, 16, 9, 836-837.
  • 2. Majid Rezaei Basiri, Theory about Treatments and Morbidity Prevention of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19), Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2020, 8, 89-90.
  • 3. Richard Z. Cheng, Can early and high intravenous dose of vitamin C prevent and treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)?, Medicine in Drug Discovery, 2020 (in press.)
  • 4. Anitra C. Carr, a new clinical trial to test high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19, Critical Care (2020) 24:133.
  • 5. Abel Ang, Juliet M. Pullar, Margaret J. Currie and Margreet C.M. Vissers, Vitamin C and immune cell function in inflammation and cancer, Biochemical Society Transactions (2018) 46 1147–1159.
  • 6. Carr, Anitra C, and Silvia Maggini, Vitamin C and Immune Function, Nutrients, 2017, 9, 11, 1211, doi:10.3390/nu9111211.
  • 7. Hrvoje Jakovac, COVID-19 and vitamin D—Is there a link and an opportunity for intervention?, Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 318: E589, 2020.
  • 8. Majid Teymoori‐Rad, Fazel Shokri, Vahid Salimi, Sayed Mahdi Marashi, The interplay between vitamin D and viral infections, Rev Med Virol. 2019;29: e2032.
  • 9. Alba Panarese, Endrit Shahini, Letter: Covid-19, and vitamin D, Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;00: 1–3.
  • 10. Mahmoud Kandeel, Mohammed Al-Nazawi, Virtual screening and repurposing of FDA approved drugs against COVID-19 main protease, Life Sciences, 2020, 251, 117627.
  • 11. Manli Wang, Ruiyuan Cao, Leike Zhang, Xinglou Yang, Jia Liu, Mingyue Xu, Zhengli Shi, Zhihong Hu, Wu Zhong and Gengfu Xiao, Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro, Cell Research, 2020, 30, 269–271.
  • 12. Rosa SGV and Santos WC. Clinical trials on drug repositioning for COVID-19 treatment. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2020, 44: e40.
  • 13. Roger Meli, Thomas Nauser, Petr Latal, Willem H. Koppenol, Reaction of Peroxynitrite with Carbon Dioxide: Intermediates and Determination of the Yield of CO3- and NO2, J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., 2002 7, 31-36.
  • 14. Sandra Serrano-Luginbuehl, Reinhard Kissner, and Willem Hendrik Koppenol, The Reaction of CO2 with ONOO-. One Molecule of CO2 is not Enough, Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2018, 31, 8, 721-730.
  • 15. Houwen Zhang, Giuseppe L. Squadrito, and William A. Pryor, The Mechanism of the Peroxynitrite–Carbon Dioxide Reaction Probed Using Tyrosine, Nitric Oxide: Biology and Chemistry, 1997, 1, 4, 301–307.
  • 16. William A. Pryor, Jean-Noe¨L Lemercier, Houwen Zhang, Rao M. Uppu, And Giuseppe L. Squadrito, The Catalytic Role of Carbon Dioxide in The Decomposition of Peroxynitrite, Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 1997, 23, 2, 331–338.
  • 17. Z. Pengt and Kenneth M. Men, Jr., Theoretical Investigation of the CO2 +OH-  HCO3- Reaction in the Gas and Aqueous Phases, J. Am. Chem. SOC. 1993,115, 9640-9647.
  • 18. Rossana Occhipinti, Walter F. Boron, Role of Carbonic Anhydrases and Inhibitors in Acid–Base Physiology: Insights from Mathematical Modeling, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 3841; doi:10.3390/ijms20153841.
  • 19. E. Kupriyanova, N. Pronina, and D. Los, Carbonic anhydrase – a universal enzyme of the carbon-based life, Photosynthetica, 2017, 55, 3-19.
  • 20. Jean-Yves Winum, Carbonic anhydrase enzymes for regulating mast cell hematopoiesis and type-2 inflammation: a patent evaluation (WO2017/058370), Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018, DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1501472.
  • 21. Büşra Tezcan, Nejla Mendil Erdoğan, Özcan Erdemli, Transfüzyon İkileminin Çözümü:Doku Oksijenasyonu ve Kritik Hemoglobin, Acıbadem Universitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2015, 6, 1.
  • 22. Anitra Carr and Balz Frei, Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions, The Faseb Journal, 1999, 1007-1024.
  • 23. Man Nien Schuchmann and Clemens von Sonntag, Determination of the Rate Constants of the Reactions CO2 +OH-  HCO3— and Barbituric Acid -> Barbiturate Anion + H+ Using the Pulse Radiolysis Technique, Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B, 37,9, 2014.
  • 24. Anthony J. Nappi and Emily Vass, Hydroxyl Radical Production by Ascorbate and Hydrogen Peroxide, Neurotoxicity Research, 2012, 2, 343-355.
  • 25. Frisch, M.J.; Trucks, G.W.; Schlegel, H.B.; Scuseria, G.E.; Robb, M.A.; Cheeseman, J.R.; Scalmani, G.; Barone, V.; Mennucci, B.; Petersson, G.A.; Nakatsuji, H.; Caricato, M.; Hratchian, X. Li,H.P.; Izmaylov, A.F.; Bloino, J.; Zheng, G.; Sonnenberg, J.L.; Hada, M.; Ehara, M.; Toyota, K. ; Fukuda, R. ; Hasegawa, J.; Ishida, M.; Nakajima, T.; Honda, Y.; Kitao, O.; Nakai, H.; Vreven, T.; Montgomery Jr. J.A.; Peralta, J.E.; Ogliaro, F.; Bearpark, M.; Heyd, J.J.; Brothers, E.; Kudin, K.N.; Staroverov, V.N.; Kobayashi, R.; Normand, J.; Raghavachari, K.; Rendell, A.; Burant, J.C.; Iyengar, S.S.; Tomasi, J.; Cossi, M.; Rega, N.; Millam, J.M.; Klene, M.; Knox, J.E.; Cross, J.B.; Bakken, V.; Adamo, C.; Jaramillo, J. ; Gomperts, R.; Stratmann, R.E.; Yazyev, O.; Austin, A.J.; Cammi, R.; Pomelli, C.; Ochterski, J.W.; Martin, R.L.; Morokuma, K.; Zakrzewski, V.G.; Voth, G.A.; Salvador, P.; Dannenberg, J.J.; Dapprich, S.; Daniels, A.D.; Farkas, O.; Foresman, J.B.; Ortiz, J.V.; Cioslowski, J.; Fox, D.J. Gaussian 09, Revision A.1, Gaussian Inc., Wallingford CT 2009.
  • 26. DeLano, W. L. (2002). Pymol: An open-source molecular graphics tool. CCP4 Newsletter On Protein Crystallography, 40, 82-92.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Kimya Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ezman Karabulut 0000-0003-4806-8576

Engin Yılmaz 0000-0002-5309-3218

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Haziran 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Mayıs 2020
Kabul Tarihi 21 Mayıs 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Karabulut, E., & Yılmaz, E. (2020). The Reactions that Increase and Decrease Co2 Concentration During Viral Infection Like Covid-19 Virus: the Effect of Vitamin C. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, 3(1), 14-19.
AMA Karabulut E, Yılmaz E. The Reactions that Increase and Decrease Co2 Concentration During Viral Infection Like Covid-19 Virus: the Effect of Vitamin C. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. Haziran 2020;3(1):14-19.
Chicago Karabulut, Ezman, ve Engin Yılmaz. “The Reactions That Increase and Decrease Co2 Concentration During Viral Infection Like Covid-19 Virus: The Effect of Vitamin C”. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 3, sy. 1 (Haziran 2020): 14-19.
EndNote Karabulut E, Yılmaz E (01 Haziran 2020) The Reactions that Increase and Decrease Co2 Concentration During Viral Infection Like Covid-19 Virus: the Effect of Vitamin C. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 3 1 14–19.
IEEE E. Karabulut ve E. Yılmaz, “The Reactions that Increase and Decrease Co2 Concentration During Viral Infection Like Covid-19 Virus: the Effect of Vitamin C”, Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, c. 3, sy. 1, ss. 14–19, 2020.
ISNAD Karabulut, Ezman - Yılmaz, Engin. “The Reactions That Increase and Decrease Co2 Concentration During Viral Infection Like Covid-19 Virus: The Effect of Vitamin C”. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials 3/1 (Haziran 2020), 14-19.
JAMA Karabulut E, Yılmaz E. The Reactions that Increase and Decrease Co2 Concentration During Viral Infection Like Covid-19 Virus: the Effect of Vitamin C. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2020;3:14–19.
MLA Karabulut, Ezman ve Engin Yılmaz. “The Reactions That Increase and Decrease Co2 Concentration During Viral Infection Like Covid-19 Virus: The Effect of Vitamin C”. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials, c. 3, sy. 1, 2020, ss. 14-19.
Vancouver Karabulut E, Yılmaz E. The Reactions that Increase and Decrease Co2 Concentration During Viral Infection Like Covid-19 Virus: the Effect of Vitamin C. Journal of Physical Chemistry and Functional Materials. 2020;3(1):14-9.