Reproductive Mechanism and Fertilization in Poultry

Abstract

Significant process has been made in mammalian reproductive biotechnology due to the well-known reproductive physiology of mammalian animals and in particular the availability of cattle sperm for cryopreservation. Reproductive studies in poultry did not provide much diversity in mammalian animals due to the absence of an oestrus cycle of poultry, poultry oocyte significantly larger than mammalian oocytes, polyspermic fertilization in poultry is a physiological condition, female poultry reproductive organ significantly different from the mammalian organ. Poultry reproduction have spesific properties such as, fertilization of poultry in the infundibulum region and occur within a maximum of 15 minutes, to maintain vitality up to 70 days in oviduct, production of eggs in about 25 hours, zona pellucida proteins undergoing a change to perivitelline membrane, lack of capacitation in poultry sperm and these properties creates reproductive differences between poltry and mammals. Knowledge of poultry reproduction and the spread of artificial insemination in poultry will make significant contributions to the poultry meat sector for our country.

Keywords

• Embryonic process,Fertilization,Reproduction,Ubiquitination,Poultry

Kanatlı Hayvanlarda Reprodüktif Mekanizma ve Fertilizasyon

Abstract

Memeli hayvanların reprodüktif fizyolojisinin iyi bilinmesi ve özellikle sığır spermasının kryoprezervasyona elverişli oluşu nedeniyle memeli hayvanlarda reprodüktif biyoteknoloji alanında kayda değer bir ilerleme kat edilmiştir. Fakat kanatlı hayvanların bir östrus siklusunun olmayışı, kanatlı oositinin memeli oositinden önemli ölçüde büyük oluşu, kanatlılarda polispermik fertilizasyonun fizyolojik bir durum oluşu, dişi kanatlı reprodüktif organın memeliden büyük ölçüde farklı olması gibi nedenlerden dolayı kanatlı hayvanlarda yapılan reprodüktif çalışmalarda memeli hayvanlardaki kadar çeşitlilik sağlanamamıştır. Kanatlı hayvanlarda fertilizasyonun infundibulum bölgesinde şekillenmesi ve en fazla 15 dakikalık bir süreç içerisinde gerçekleşmesi, spermanın ovidukt içerisinde 70 güne kadar canlılığını koruyabilmesi, yaklaşık 25 saatte bir yumurta üretilmesi, zona pellusida proteinlerinin farklılaşarak pervitellin membrana katılması, spermatozoon kapasitasyonunun olmaması gibi kendine özgü reprodüktif özellikler, memeli hayvanlar ile aralarında önemli farklar oluşturmaktadır. Kanatlı reprodüksiyonunun iyi bilinmesi ve kanatlı hayvanlarda suni tohumlama uygulamasının yaygınlaşması, ülkemiz için beyaz et sektörüne önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

• embriyonik dönem,fertilizasyon,reprodüksiyon,ubikuitinizasyon

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