Reproductive Mechanism and Fertilization in Poultry

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 68 - 73, 31.12.2019

Mustafa Yiğit Nizam , Murat Selçuk

https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.606502

Abstract

Significant process has been made in mammalian reproductive biotechnology due to
the well-known reproductive physiology of mammalian animals and in particular
the availability of cattle sperm for cryopreservation. Reproductive studies in
poultry did not provide much diversity in mammalian animals due to the absence
of an oestrus cycle of poultry, poultry oocyte
significantly larger than mammalian oocytes,
polyspermic fertilization in poultry is a physiological condition,
female poultry reproductive organ significantly different from the mammalian organ. Poultry
reproduction have spesific
properties such as, fertilization of poultry in the infundibulum region and occur within a
maximum of 15 minutes, to maintain vitality up to 70 days in oviduct,
production of eggs in about 25 hours, zona pellucida proteins undergoing a
change to perivitelline membrane, lack of capacitation in poultry sperm and
these properties creates reproductive differences between poltry and mammals.
Knowledge of poultry reproduction and the spread of artificial insemination in
poultry will make significant contributions to the poultry meat sector for our country.

Keywords

Embryonic process, Fertilization, Reproduction, Ubiquitination, Poultry

Kanatlı Hayvanlarda Reprodüktif Mekanizma ve Fertilizasyon

Abstract

Memeli hayvanların
reprodüktif fizyolojisinin iyi bilinmesi ve özellikle sığır spermasının kryoprezervasyona elverişli oluşu nedeniyle memeli hayvanlarda reprodüktif biyoteknoloji alanında kayda
değer bir ilerleme kat edilmiştir. Fakat kanatlı hayvanların bir östrus
siklusunun olmayışı, kanatlı oositinin memeli oositinden önemli ölçüde büyük
oluşu, kanatlılarda polispermik fertilizasyonun fizyolojik bir durum oluşu,
dişi kanatlı reprodüktif organın memeliden büyük ölçüde farklı olması gibi
nedenlerden dolayı kanatlı hayvanlarda yapılan reprodüktif çalışmalarda memeli
hayvanlardaki kadar çeşitlilik sağlanamamıştır. Kanatlı hayvanlarda
fertilizasyonun infundibulum bölgesinde şekillenmesi ve en fazla 15 dakikalık
bir süreç içerisinde gerçekleşmesi, spermanın ovidukt içerisinde 70 güne kadar canlılığını koruyabilmesi, yaklaşık 25 saatte bir yumurta
üretilmesi, zona pellusida proteinlerinin farklılaşarak pervitellin membrana
katılması, spermatozoon kapasitasyonunun olmaması gibi kendine özgü reprodüktif
özellikler, memeli hayvanlar ile aralarında önemli farklar oluşturmaktadır.
Kanatlı reprodüksiyonunun iyi bilinmesi ve kanatlı hayvanlarda suni tohumlama
uygulamasının yaygınlaşması, ülkemiz için beyaz et sektörüne önemli katkılar sağlayacaktır.

Keywords

embriyonik dönem, fertilizasyon, reprodüksiyon, ubikuitinizasyon

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