Tahıl Bazlı Fermente Fonksiyonel Gıda Katkısı İlavesinin Bıldırcınların Büyüme, Sekal Mikroflora ve Duodenum Histolojisine Etkileri (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 75 - 79, 30.12.2020

İsa Coşkun Hüseyin Çayan Kübra Sacıcan Güray Erener

https://doi.org/10.34233/jpr.804173

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bıldırcın yemlerine tahıl bazlı fermente fonksiyonel gıda (TBFFG) ilavesinin bıldırcınların büyüme, duodenum histomorfolojisi, iç organ gelişimi ve sekum mikroflorası üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada 21 günlük yaşta 100 adet karışık cinsiyette bıldırcın kullanılmıştır. Kontrol (C) ve 5 g / kg CBFFF ilaveli (F) grupları 5’er tekerrürlü olarak (5 erkek ortalama 64,33 ± 0,32g ve 5 dişi ortalama 66,42±0,38) 2 muamele grubuna ayrılmıştır. Çalışma 21 gün sürmüştür. Canlı ağırlık artışı (CAA), yem tüketimi (YT) ve yemden yararlanma oranı (YYO) haftalık olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonunda her bir tekerrürden bir dişi ve bir erkek bıldırcın seçilerek (toplam 20 bıldırcın sayısı) sekum mikrobiyotası ve duodenum histomorfolojisi özellikleri belirlenmiştir. CAA, YT, YYO, iç organ ağırlıkları değişmemiştir. Laktik asit bakterileri ve maya sayısı artış eğilimi, Enterobactericaea sayısı ise düşüş eğilimi göstermiştir. Sekumda E. coli ve Coliform sayısı istatistiksel olarak azalmıştır. Villi uzunluğu F grubunda C grubuna göre artış göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, TBFFG sekumdaki patojenik bakterileri baskılamış ve bağırsak mikroflorası geliştirmiş ve duodenumda sindirim yüzey alanını arttırmıştır. Bu nedenle 5g / kg diyet CBFFF'nin bıldırcınlarda sekum mikroflorasını ve duodenum histomorfolojisini iyileştirmek için kullanabileceği söylenebilir. Yine de TBFFG 'nın diğer hayvan türleri üzerindeki probiyotik etkilerini, farklı dozların veya yem kısıtlamasının, diyette yüksek lif veya düşük protein gibi stres faktörlerinin etkilerini belirlemek için daha fazla çalışma yapılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fermente gıda takviyesi, Bıldırcın, Bakteri, Duodenum, Histoloji

The Effects of Cereal Based Fermented Functional Food Supplementation on Growth, Cecal Microflora and Duodenum Histology of Quails (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)

Öz

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary cereal based fermented functional food (CBFFF) supplementation on growth performance, duodenum histomorphology, internal organ development and cecum microflora of quails. In this study, a total of 100 mixed sex birds at 21 age of days were used as animal material. The birds were divided into 2 dietary groups as control (C) and 5 g/kg CBFFF supplementation (F) with 5 replicates (5 male average 64.33±0.32g and 5 female average 66.42±0.38g for each replicate. The experiment lasted 21 days. Live weight gain (LWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) determined weekly. At the end of the experiment, one female and one male bird were selected from each replicate (a total number of 20 quails) and their characteristics of cecum microbiota and duodenum histomorphology were determined. LWG, FI, FCR, inner organs, did not change among the groups. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeast count was tend to increase, Enterobactericaea was tend to decrease. E coli and Coliforms count in cecum decreased statistically. Villi length increased in F group than in the C group. To conclude, CBFFF decreased pathogenic bacteria in cecum and developed intestinal microflora and increased the digestion surface area in duodenum. Therefore, it can be said that 5 g/kg dietary CBFFF can use to improve cecum microflora and duodenum histomorphology in quails. But further studies should be conducted to determine probiotics effects of CBFFF on other animal species, doses or stress factors such as feed restriction, high fiber or low protein in diet etc.

Anahtar Kelimeler

fermented feed additive, quail, bacteria, duodenum

Kaynakça

• Altop, A., (2019). The effects of diets supplemented with fermented or non-fermented cherry kernels (Prunus avium L.) on growth performance, ileal histology, caecum microflora, and some meat quality parameters in broiler chickens. Eur Poult Sci, 83.
• Asadi, B., Fakhraei, J., Hosseini, A., Yarahamdi, H.M., Aghashahi, A., 2018. Dietary inclusion of commercial toxin binders and probiotics alleviate adverse effects of aflatoxin on growth performance, immune responses, and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks. Eur Poult Sci, 82.
• Ashayerizadeh, A., Dastar, B., Shargh, M.S., Mahoonak, A.S., Zerehdaran, S., 2018. Effects of feeding fermented rapeseed meal on growth performance, gastrointestinal microflora population, blood metabolites, meat quality, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Livest Sci. 216:183-190.
• Bilgiçli, N., Elgün, A., Türker, S., 2006. Effects of Various Phytase Sources on Phytic Acid Content, Mineral Extractability and Protein Digestability of Tarhana. Food Chem. 98:329-337.
• Boostani, A., Mahmoodian, H.R., Ashayerizadeh Fard, A., Aminafshar, M., 2013. "Growth performance, carcass yield and intestinal microflora populations of broilers fed diets containing thepax and yogurt." Rev Bras Cienc Avic. 15(1): 1-6.
• Buclaw, M., 2016. The use of inulin in poultry feeding: a review. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 100(6): 1015-1022.
• Cenesiz, S., Yaman, H., Ozcan, A., Kart, A., Karademir, G., 2008. Effects of kefir as a probiotic on serum cholesterol, total lipid, aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase activities in broiler chicks-in English. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 64(2):168.
• Chu, Y.T., Lo, C.T., Chang, S.C., Lee ,T.T., 2017. Effects of Trichoderma fermented wheat bran on growth performance, intestinal morphology and histological findings in broiler chickens. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 16(1), 82-92.
• Coskun, I., Tad, M., Filik, G., Altop, A., Sahin, A., Erener, G., Samli, H.E., 2017. Dietary symbiotic supplementation alters the ileal histomorphology and caecal pathogen micro-organism in broiler chicks. J Livest Sci (ISSN online 2277-6214), 8-109-114.
• Coskun, I., 2018. Sourdough works as growth enhancer in quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). Eur Poult Sci, 82.
• Daglioglu, O., 2000. Tarhana as a Traditional Turkish Fermented Cereal Food, Its Recipe, Production and Composition. Nahrung. 44(2):85-88.
• Ekinci, R., Kadakal, C., 2005. Determination of Seven Water-Soluble Vitamins in Tarhana, A Traditional Turkish Cereal Food, by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Acta Chrom. 15:289-297.
• Ekinci, R. 2005. The Effect of Fermentation and Drying on the Water-Soluble Vitamin Content of Tarhana, a Traditional Turkish Cereal Food. Food Chem. 90:127-132.
• Gungor, E., Erener, G., 2020a. Effect of dietary raw and fermented sour cherry kernel (Prunus cerasus L.) on digestibility, intestinal morphology and caecal microflora in broiler chickens. Poultry science, 99(1), 471-478.
• Gungor, E., Erener, G., 2020b. Effect of dietary raw and fermented sour cherry kernel (Prunus cerasus L.) on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality in broiler chickens. Poultry science, 99(1), 301-309.
• Gabrial, S.G., Zaghloul, A.H., Khalaf-Allah, A.E.R., El-Shimi, N.M., Mohamed, R.S., Gabrial G.N., 2010. Synbiotic Tarhana as a functional food. J Am Sci. 6(12):847-857.
• Granato, D., Branco, G.F., Nazzaro, F., Cruz, A.G., Faria, J.A., 2010. Functional foods and nondairy probiotic food development: trends, concepts, and products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 9(3):292-302.
• Karademir, G., Ünal, Y., 2009. The use of kefir as probiotic in broiler. Lalahan Hayvancılık Araștırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 49(1), 47-54.
• Martins, E.M.F., Ramos, A.M., Vanzela, E.S.L., Stringheta, P.C., De Oliveira Pinto, C.L., Martins, J.M., 2013. Products of vegetable origin: A new alternative for the consumption of probiotic bacteria. Food Res Int, 51(2):764-770.
• Ozdemir, S., Gocmen, D., Yildirim Kumral, A.A., 2007. Traditional Turkish fermented cereal food: Tarhana. Food Rev Int. 23(2):107-121.
• Ozturk, E., Yildirim, A., 2004. Probiyotiklerin etlik piliçlerin performansı ve bağırsak mikrobiyolojik özelliklerine etkileri. Ulusal Zootekni Bilim Kongresi, Cilt 2. 152-156, ISPARTA.
• Samli, H.E., Senkoylu, N., Koc, F., Kanter, M., Agma A., 2007. Effects of Enterococcus faecium and dried whey on broiler performance, gut histomorphology and intestinal microbiota. Arch Anim Nutr 61:42-49.
• Sozcu, A., Ipek, A., 2017. Intestinal morphology, hepatic enzyme activity, serum immunoglobulin level and growth performance of broilers fed on diets supplemented with a synbiotic. Eur Poult Sci, 81.
• Wang, Y., Liu, X., Jin, L., Wen, Q., Zhang, Y., Narasimha, K., Zheng, Y., 2018. Effects of Fermented Corn Gluten Meal on Growth Performance, Serum Parameters, Intestinal Morphology and Immunity Performance of Three-yellow Broilers. Can J Anim Sci, (ja). https://doi.org/10.1139/CJAS-2017-0007
• Yaman, H., Ulukanli, Z., Elmali, M., Unal, Y., 2006. The effect of a fermented probiotic, the kefir, on intestinal flora of poultry domesticated geese (Anser anser). Rev med vet, 157(7), 379-386.
• Yasar, S., Forbes, J.M., 1999. Performance and gastro-intestinal response of broiler chickens fed on cereal grain-based foods soaked in water. Br Poult Sci. 40:65-76
• Yasar, S., Gok, M.S., 2014. Fattening performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) fed on diets with high levels of dry fermented wheat, barley and oats grains in whey with citrus pomace. Bulletin UASVM Animal Sciences and Biotechnologies, 71, 51-62.
• Yasar, S., Yegen, M.K., 2017. Yeast fermented additive enhances broiler growth. R. Bras. Zootec. 46:814-820.
• Yason, C.V., Summers, B.A., Schat, K.A., 1987. Pathogenesis of rotavirus infection in various age groups of chickens and turkeys: Pathology. Am J Vet.Res. 6:927-938.
• Yenice, G., Çelebi, D., Yörük, M.A., Uçar, Ö., Sağlam, Y.S., Tunç, M.A., Altun, S., 2014. Effect of kefir upon the performance, intestinal microflora and histopathology of certain organs in laying hens. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 20(3) 363-370.