Cytotoxic evaluation of some plants against renal cancer cell lines

Abstract

In the current study, we evaluated the cytotoxic activities of 21 extracts from 7 plants belonging to 4 families. The dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of the plants were screened for their cytotoxic activities on the renal (A498 and U031) cancer cell lines. 8 extracts exhibited more than 50% growth inhibition at a 25 ug/mL concentration on both renal cancer A498 and UO31 cell lines. The highest cytotoxic activity on the renal cancer UO31 cell line was observed for the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Telekia speciosa with 66% inhibition at a 25 ug/mL concentration. The highest cytotoxic activity on the renal cancer A498 cell line was found for the dichloromethane extract of the aerial parts of Coronilla varia with 64% inhibition at a 25 ug/mL concentration.

Keywords

• Cytotoxic activity
• renal cancer
• Telekia speciosa
• Coronilla varia

References

1. [1] Siegel R, Miller KD, Fuchs HE, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2022. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022; 72: 7–33. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21708
2. [2] Shu X, Zhang Z, Yao Z-Y, Xing X-L. Identification of five ferroptosis-related LncRNAs as novel prognosis and diagnosis signatures for renal cancer. Front Mol Biosci. 2022; 8:763697. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2021.763697
3. [3] Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of incidence and mortality Worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA A Cancer J Clin. 2021; 71: 209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660
4. [4] Bukavina, L, Bensalah K, Bray F, Carlo M, Challacombe B, Karam JA, Kassouf W, Mitchell T, Montironi R, O'Brien T, Panebianco V, Scelo G, Shuch B, van Poppel H, Blosser CD, Psutka SP. Epidemiology of Renal Cell Carcinoma: 2022 Update. Eur Urol. 2022; 82(5): 529–542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2022.08.019
5. [5] Rossi SH, Klatte T, Usher-Smith J, Stewart GD. Epidemiology and screening for renal cancer. World J Urol. 2018; 36(9):1341– 1353. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-018-2286-7
6. [6] Kweon HT, Yoo JS, Hong YT. Tongue metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: A rare case presentation. Ear Nose Throat J. 2024; 01455613231226038. https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613231226038
7. [7] Newman DJ, Cragg GM. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the nearly four decades from 01/ 1981 to 09/2019. J Nat Prod. 2020; 83(3): 770-803. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01285
8. [8] Majolo F, Delwing LKOB, Marmitt DJ, Bustamante-Filho IC, Goettert MI. Medicinal plants and bioactive natural compounds for cancer treatment: Important advances for drug discovery. Phytochem Lett. 2019; 31: 196-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2019.04.003

9. [9] Isyaka SM, Mas-Claret E, Langat MK, Hodges T, Selway B, Mbala BM, Mvingu BK, Mulholland DA. Cytotoxic diterpenoids from the leaves and stem bark of Croton haumanianus (Euphorbiaceae). Phytochemistry. 2020; 178: 112455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112455
10. [10] Jisha N, Vysakh A, Vijeesh V, Latha MS. Ethyl acetate fraction of Muntingia calabura L. exerts anti-colorectal cancer potential via regulating apoptotic and inflammatory pathways. J Ethnopharmacol. 2020; 261: 113064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113064
11. [11] Swaffar DS, Holley CJ, Fitch RW, Elkin KR, Zhang C, Sturgill JP, Menachery MD. Phytochemical investigation and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of alkaloids from Abuta rufescens. Planta Med. 2012; 78: 230–232. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1280383
12. [12] Versiani MA, Kanwal A, Faizi S, and Farooq AD. Cytotoxic cardiac glycoside from the parasitic plant Cuscuta reflexa. Chem Nat Compd. 2017; 53: 915-922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-017-2154-5
13. [13] Rajkapoor B, Murugesh N, Krishna DR. Cytotoxic activity of a flavanone from the stem of Bauhinia variegata Linn. Nat Prod Res. 2009; 23(15): 1384–1389. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410802553752
14. [14] Beutler JA, Kashman Y, Pannell LK, Cardellina JH, Alexander MRA, Balaschak MS, Prather TR, Shoemaker RH, Boyda MR. Isolation and characterization of novel cytotoxic saponins from Archidendron ellipticum. Bioorg Med Chem. 1997; 5 (8): 1509-1517. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0968-0896(97)00098-9
15. [15] Banik K, Khatoon E, Harsha, C, Rana V, Parama D, Thakur KK, Bishayee A, Kunnumakkara, AB. Wogonin and its analogs for the prevention and treatment of cancer: A systematic review. Phytother Res. 2022; 36:1854–1883. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7386
16. [16] Nelson VK, Sahoo NK, Sahu M, Sudhan HH, Pullaiah CP, Muralikrishna KS. In vitro anticancer activity of Eclipta alba whole plant extract on colon cancer cell HCT-116. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2020; 20:355. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-03118-9
17. [17] Tosun F, Beutler JA, Ransom TT, Miski M. Anatolicin, a highly potent and selective cytotoxic sesquiterpene coumarin from the root extract of Heptaptera anatolica. Molecules. 2019; 24: 1153-1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24061153
18. [18] Tosun F, Aytar EC, Beutler JA, Wilson JA, Miski M. Cytotoxic sesquiterpene coumarins from the roots of Heptaptera cilicica. Rec Nat Prod. 2021; 15(6): 529-536. https://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.242.21.02.1990
19. [19] Devkota KP, Covell D, Ransom T, McMahon JB, Beutler JA. Growth inhibition of human colon carcinoma cells by sesquiterpenoids and tetralones of Zygogynum calothyrsum. J Nat Prod. 2013; 76: 710-714. https://doi.org/10.1021/np400042q
20. [20] Nemati F, Dehpouri AA, Eslami B, Mahdavi V, Mirzanejad S. Cytotoxic properties of some medicinal plant extracts from Mazandaran, Iran. Iranian Red Crescent Med J. 2013; 15(11): e8871. https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.8871
21. [21] Dehpour AA, Eslami B, Rezaie S, Hashemian SF, Shafie F, Kiaie M. Chemical composition of essential oil and in vitro antibacterial and anticancer activity of the hydroalcolic extract from Coronilla varia. Int J Bioeng Life Sci. 2015; 8(12): 1414-1417. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1108875
22. [22] Yerlikaya S, Baloglu MC, Altunoglu YC, Diuzheva A, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Zengin G. Exploring of Coronilla varia L. extracts as a source of high-value natural agents: Chemical profiles and biological connections. S Afr J Bot. 2021; 143: 382-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2021.02.025
23. [23] Kofujita H, Ota M, Takahashi K, Kawai Y, Hayashi Y. A Diterpene Quinone from the Bark of Cryptomeria Japonica. Phytochemistry. 2002; 61: 895–898. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00352-7
24. [24] Chen CC, Wu JH, Yang NS, Chang JY, Kuo CC, Wang SY, Kuo YH. Cytotoxic C35 terpenoid cryptotrione from the bark of Cryptomeria japonica. Org Lett. 2010; 12: 2786-2789. https://doi.org/10.1021/ol1009027
25. [25] Yoshikawa K, Tanaka T, Umeyama A, Arihara S. Three abietane diterpenes and two diterpenes incorporated sesquiterpenes from the bark of Cryptomeria japonica. Chem Pharm Bull. 2006; 54(3): 315-319. https://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.54.315
26. [26] Ho ST, Tung YT, Kuo YH, Lin CC, Wu JH. Ferruginol inhibits non–small cell lung cancer growth by inducing caspase-associated apoptosis. Integr Cancer Ther. 2015; 14(1), 86-97. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735414555806
27. [27] Eser F, Sahin Yaglioglu A, Dolarslan M, Aktas E, Onal A. Dyeing, fastness, and cytotoxic properties, and phenolic constituents of Anthemis tinctoria var. tinctoria (Asteraceae). J Text Inst. 2017; 108(9): 1489-1495. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2016.1257348
28. [28] Raal A, Jaama M, Utt M, Püssa T, Žvikas V, Jakštas V, Thi Nguyen H. The phytochemical profile and anticancer activity of Anthemis tinctoria and Angelica sylvestris used in Estonian ethnomedicine. Plants. 2022; 11(7): 994. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11070994
29. [29] Stojakowska A, Galanty A, Malarz J, Michalik M. Major terpenoids from Telekia speciosa flowers and their cytotoxic activity in vitro. Nat Prod Res. 2019; 33(12): 1804-1808. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1437431
30. [30] Wajs-Bonikowska A, Szoka Ł, Kwiatkowski P, Meena SN, Stojakowska A. Bioprospecting of the Telekia speciosa: Uncovering the composition and biological properties of ıts essential oils. Appl Sci. 2023; 13(9): 5674. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095674
31. [31] Gül LB, Özdemir N, Gül O, Çon A. Evaluation of Thymus pseudopulegioides plant extracts for total phenolic contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Eur Food Sci Eng. 2022; 3(1): 1-4. https://doi.org/10.55147/efse.1091864
32. [32] Bektaş E, Daferera D, Sökmen M, Serdar G, Ertürk M, Polissiou MG, Sökmen A. In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of the essential oil and various extracts from Thymus nummularis M. Bieb. Indian J Tradit Knowl. 2016; 15(3): 403-410.
33. [33] Varga E, Balázs VL, Sándor V, Agócs A, Nagy V, Király SB, Kurtán T, Molnár P, Deli J. Carotenoid composition of Telekia speciosa. Plants. 2023; 12(24): 4116. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12244116
34. [34] Xu J, Wei K, Zhang G, Lei L, Yang D, Wang W, Han Q, Xia Y, Bi Y, Yang M, Li M. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Chinese Salvia species: A review. J Ethnopharmacol. 2018; 225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.029
35. [35] Mirzaei HH, Firuzi O, Jassbi AR. Diterpenoids from roots of Salvia lachnocalyx; In-silico and in-vitro toxicity against human cancer cell lines. Iran J Pharm Res. 2020; 19(4): 85. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2019.15429.13095
36. [36] Hashemi S, Jassbi AR, Erfani N, Kiani R, Seradj H. Two new cytotoxic ursane triterpenoids from the aerial parts of Salvia urmiensis Bunge. Fitoterapia. 2021; 154: 105030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2021.105030