Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors

Muhammed Trawally

doi:10.29228/jrp.512

Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors

Abstract

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) consist of an enzyme family of eleven groups responsible for the hydrolytic breakdown of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). cAMP and cGMP are important secondary messengers that regulate physiological functions. The widespread expression of PDE3 in tissues and organs makes it an attractive therapeutic target. For decades, PDE3 inhibitors have been acknowledged as significant pharmaceutical agents in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders due to their inotropic and vasodilatory actions. Emerging data, however, suggests that the potential therapeutic application of PDE3 inhibitors has gone beyond their traditional cardiovascular applications. This comprehensive review aims to explore the non-cardiovascular developments related to PDE3 inhibitors, exploring their mechanism of action, and clinical trials.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Muhammed Trawally ^*
0000-0002-0041-4612
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 28, 2025

Submission Date

September 11, 2023

Acceptance Date

October 2, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 27 Number: 6

DOI

https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.512

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA83HD55YT

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Trawally, M. (2025). Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(6), 2218-2241. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.512

AMA

1.Trawally M. Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(6):2218-2241. doi:10.29228/jrp.512

Chicago

Trawally, Muhammed. 2025. “Beyond the Heart - Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of PDE3 Inhibitors”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 (6): 2218-41. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.512.

EndNote

Trawally M (July 1, 2025) Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 6 2218–2241.

IEEE

[1]M. Trawally, “Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 2218–2241, July 2025, doi: 10.29228/jrp.512.

ISNAD

Trawally, Muhammed. “Beyond the Heart - Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of PDE3 Inhibitors”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/6 (July 1, 2025): 2218-2241. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.512.

JAMA

1.Trawally M. Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:2218–2241.

MLA

Trawally, Muhammed. “Beyond the Heart - Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of PDE3 Inhibitors”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 27, no. 6, July 2025, pp. 2218-41, doi:10.29228/jrp.512.

Vancouver

1.Muhammed Trawally. Beyond the heart - Exploring the therapeutic potential of PDE3 inhibitors. J. Res. Pharm. 2025 Jul. 1;27(6):2218-41. doi:10.29228/jrp.512