Time and Concentration Dependent Effects of Different Solvents on Proliferation of K562, HL60, HCT-116 and H929 Cell Lines

Aslı Koc; Arzu Zeynep Karabay; Tülin Özkan; Zeliha Buyukbingol; Fügen Aktan

Time and Concentration Dependent Effects of Different Solvents on Proliferation of K562, HL60, HCT-116 and H929 Cell Lines

Abstract

Many organic solvents are used in cell culture models to dissolve polar and non-polar chemical compounds and drugs to test their activities. However, the solvents themselves can have cytotoxic effects on cells. The degree of cytotoxic effect may vary according to the solvent used. The aim of this study is to determine the time and concentration dependent effects of methanol, ethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethyl acetate and acetone on colorectal cancer (HCT-116), chronic myeloid leukemia (K562), multiple myeloma (H929) and acute promyelocytic leukemia (HL60) cell lines. According to our results, DMSO is the most toxic solvent and ethyl acetate and methanol are least toxic solvents in all cells. IC50 value of Acetone is greater than 10% in K562, HL60 and HCT-116 cells in all tested incubation times but in H929 cells IC50 value of acetone is decreased over time. In conclusion, since most of these solvents are currently being used for treatment of cells with different drugs and compounds in biochemical toxicology studies, it is essentially important to reveal their biochemical and toxic effects to determine the optimum concentration to be used

Keywords

References

[1] Råbergh CM, Lipsky MM. Toxicity of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in primary cultures of rainbow trout hepatocytes. Aquatic Toxicology. 1997; 37(2-3): 169-82. [crossref]
[2] Jamalzadeh L, Ghafoori H, Sariri R, Rabuti H, Nasirzade J, Hasani H, et al. Cytotoxic effects of some common organic solvents on MCF-7, RAW-264.7 and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2016; 4(1): 10-33453. [crossref]
[3] Zapor L, Skowroń J, Gołofit-Szymczak M. The cytotoxicity of some organic solvents on isolated hepatocytes in monolayer culture. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 2002; 8(1): 121-9. [crossref]
[4] Timm M, Saaby L, Moesby L, Hansen EW. Considerations regarding use of solvents in in vitro cell based assays. Cytotechnology. 2013; 65(5): 887-94. [crossref]
[5] Nguyen ST, Nguyen HT-L, Truong KD. Comparative cytotoxic effects of methanol, ethanol and DMSO on human cancer cell lines. Biomedical Research and Therapy. 2020; 7(7): 3855-9. [crossref]
[6] Eter N, Spitznas M. DMSO mimics inhibitory effect of thalidomide on choriocapillary endothelial cell proliferation in culture. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002; 86(11): 1303-5. [crossref]
[7] Jones AW. Clinical and forensic toxicology of methanol. Forensic Sci Rev. 2021; 33(2): 117-143.
[8] Oyama Y, Sakai H, Arata T, Okano Y, Akaike N, Sakai K, et al. Cytotoxic effects of methanol, formaldehyde, and formate on dissociated rat thymocytes: a possibility of aspartame toxicity. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2002; 18(1): 43-50. [crossref]

[9] Crowell SR, Smith JN, Creim JA, Faber W, Teeguarden JG. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of ethyl acetate and ethanol in rodents and humans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2015; 73(1): 452-62. [crossref]
[10] Castaneda F, Kinne RK-H. Ethanol treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: high potentials of low concentrations. Cancer biology & therapy. 2004; 3(5): 430-3. [crossref]
[11] Plante M, Arscott W, Folsom J, Tighe S, Dempsey R, Wesley U. Ethanol promotes cytotoxic effects of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand through induction of reactive oxygen species in prostate cancer cells. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases. 2013; 16(1): 16-22. [crossref]
[12] Rodríguez FD, Simonsson P, Alling C. A method for maintaining constant ethanol concentrations in cell culture media. Alcohol Alcohol. 1992; 27(3): 309-13. [crossref]
[13] Hurley MM, Martin D, Raisz LG. Changes in ethanol concentration during incubation in multiwell tissue culture trays. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1987; 186(2): 139-41.
[14] Oyama Y, Sakai H, Arata T, Okano Y, Akaike N, Sakai K, et al. Cytotoxic effects of methanol, formaldehyde, and formate on dissociated rat thymocytes: a possibility of aspartame toxicity. Cell biology and toxicology. 2002; 18(1): 43-50. [crossref]
[15] Galvao J, Davis B, Tilley M, Normando E, Duchen MR, Cordeiro MF. Unexpected low-dose toxicity of the universal solvent DMSO. Faseb j. 2014; 28(3): 1317-30. [crossref]
[16] Justo OR, Simioni PU, Gabriel DL, Tamashiro WM, Rosa Pde T, Moraes Â M. Evaluation of in vitro anti inflammatory effects of crude ginger and rosemary extracts obtained through supercritical CO2 extraction on macrophage and tumor cell line: the influence of vehicle type. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:390. [crossref]
[17] Hajighasemi F, Tajic S. Assessment of cytotoxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide in human hematopoietic tumor cell lines. Iranian Journal of Blood and Cancer. 2017;9(2):48-53.
[18] Forman S, Kás J, Fini F, Steinberg M, Ruml T. The effect of different solvents on the ATP/ADP content and growth properties of HeLa cells. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 1999; 13(1): 11-5. [crossref]
[19] Wakabayashi I, Negoro M. Mechanism of inhibitory action of ethanol on inducible nitric oxide synthesis in macrophages. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2002; 366(4): 299-306 [crossref]
[20] Ilieva Y, Dimitrova L, Zaharieva MM, Kaleva M, Alov P, Tsakovska I, et al. Cytotoxicity and Microbicidal Activity of Commonly Used Organic Solvents: A Comparative Study and Application to a Standardized Extract from Vaccinium macrocarpon. Toxics. 2021;9(5). [crossref]
[21] Mosmann T. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods. 1983; 65(1-2): 55-63. [crossref]

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmaceutical Biochemistry

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Aslı Koc ^*
0000-0002-4679-9079
Türkiye

Arzu Zeynep Karabay
0000-0002-2482-0359
Türkiye

Tülin Özkan
0000-0002-1431-2385
Türkiye

Zeliha Buyukbingol This is me
0000-0001-7473-1795
Türkiye

Fügen Aktan
0000-0002-1803-2786
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 28, 2025

Submission Date

November 22, 2021

Acceptance Date

February 16, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2022 Volume: 26 Number: 3

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA83KL85HE

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Koc, A., Karabay, A. Z., Özkan, T., Buyukbingol, Z., & Aktan, F. (2025). Time and Concentration Dependent Effects of Different Solvents on Proliferation of K562, HL60, HCT-116 and H929 Cell Lines. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 26(3), 494-501. https://izlik.org/JA83KL85HE

AMA

1.Koc A, Karabay AZ, Özkan T, Buyukbingol Z, Aktan F. Time and Concentration Dependent Effects of Different Solvents on Proliferation of K562, HL60, HCT-116 and H929 Cell Lines. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;26(3):494-501. https://izlik.org/JA83KL85HE

Chicago

Koc, Aslı, Arzu Zeynep Karabay, Tülin Özkan, Zeliha Buyukbingol, and Fügen Aktan. 2025. “Time and Concentration Dependent Effects of Different Solvents on Proliferation of K562, HL60, HCT-116 and H929 Cell Lines”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26 (3): 494-501. https://izlik.org/JA83KL85HE.

EndNote

Koc A, Karabay AZ, Özkan T, Buyukbingol Z, Aktan F (June 1, 2025) Time and Concentration Dependent Effects of Different Solvents on Proliferation of K562, HL60, HCT-116 and H929 Cell Lines. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26 3 494–501.

IEEE

[1]A. Koc, A. Z. Karabay, T. Özkan, Z. Buyukbingol, and F. Aktan, “Time and Concentration Dependent Effects of Different Solvents on Proliferation of K562, HL60, HCT-116 and H929 Cell Lines”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 494–501, June 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA83KL85HE

ISNAD

Koc, Aslı - Karabay, Arzu Zeynep - Özkan, Tülin - Buyukbingol, Zeliha - Aktan, Fügen. “Time and Concentration Dependent Effects of Different Solvents on Proliferation of K562, HL60, HCT-116 and H929 Cell Lines”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26/3 (June 1, 2025): 494-501. https://izlik.org/JA83KL85HE.

JAMA

1.Koc A, Karabay AZ, Özkan T, Buyukbingol Z, Aktan F. Time and Concentration Dependent Effects of Different Solvents on Proliferation of K562, HL60, HCT-116 and H929 Cell Lines. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;26:494–501.

MLA

Koc, Aslı, et al. “Time and Concentration Dependent Effects of Different Solvents on Proliferation of K562, HL60, HCT-116 and H929 Cell Lines”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 26, no. 3, June 2025, pp. 494-01, https://izlik.org/JA83KL85HE.

Vancouver

1.Aslı Koc, Arzu Zeynep Karabay, Tülin Özkan, Zeliha Buyukbingol, Fügen Aktan. Time and Concentration Dependent Effects of Different Solvents on Proliferation of K562, HL60, HCT-116 and H929 Cell Lines. J. Res. Pharm. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 1;26(3):494-501. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA83KL85HE