Elucidation of biological properties of some commercial anthraquinones: Mutagenic / antimutagenic and antimicrobial activity approaches

Ahmet Uysal; Erdoğan Güneş; Yusuf Durak

Elucidation of biological properties of some commercial anthraquinones: Mutagenic / antimutagenic and antimicrobial activity approaches

Abstract

Anthraquinones (AQ) are the most common group of naturally occurring quinones. Both natural and synthetic AQs have been used as colorants in food, drugs and cosmetic industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutagenic/antimutagenic potentials of some AQs (Alizarin, quinizarin, purpurin, and 1,8-dihydroxy anthraquinone) with Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains by Ames test and antimicrobial activity by broth microdilution method. So, AQs were tested for their toxicity and nontoxic doses of the chemicals were used. The results manifested that none of the chemicals were mutagenic for TA98 and TA100 strains both with and without metabolic activation enzymes (S9 mix). Purpurin and alizarin exhibited strong antimutagenic effects against 4- nitrophenylendiameine and 2-aminoflourene at all test doses (1000, 500 and 250 µg/plate) for TA98; and against sodium azide and 2-aminoanthracene for TA100. Alizarin showed the highest inhibition rate (93%) against sodium azide at a concentration of 1000 µg/plate. While 1,8-dihydroxy anthraquinone and quinizarin revealed strong antimutagenicity at 10000 µg/plate without S9 mix, they exhibited excellent antimutagenic action after addition of S9 enzymes for TA98 strain at all test doses. Similarly, 1,8-dihydroxy anthraquinone and quinizarin were moderate antimutagenic against sodium azide at all test doses without S9 mix, their antimutagenicity increased and they ameliorated the mutagenic action of 2-aminoanthracene by the addition of S9 for TA100. These two chemicals were strong antimutagenic against promutagens activated by S9 mix. Also it was defined that purpurin and alizarin have antimicrobial capacity against MRSA strains.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical Pharmacology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ahmet Uysal ^*
Türkiye

Erdoğan Güneş
Türkiye

Yusuf Durak
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 27, 2025

Submission Date

July 31, 2018

Acceptance Date

October 31, 2018

Published in Issue

Year 2019 Volume: 23 Number: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA34RB63WY

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Uysal, A., Güneş, E., & Durak, Y. (2025). Elucidation of biological properties of some commercial anthraquinones: Mutagenic / antimutagenic and antimicrobial activity approaches. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 23(2), 208-216. https://izlik.org/JA34RB63WY

AMA

1.Uysal A, Güneş E, Durak Y. Elucidation of biological properties of some commercial anthraquinones: Mutagenic / antimutagenic and antimicrobial activity approaches. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;23(2):208-216. https://izlik.org/JA34RB63WY

Chicago

Uysal, Ahmet, Erdoğan Güneş, and Yusuf Durak. 2025. “Elucidation of Biological Properties of Some Commercial Anthraquinones: Mutagenic Antimutagenic and Antimicrobial Activity Approaches”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23 (2): 208-16. https://izlik.org/JA34RB63WY.

EndNote

Uysal A, Güneş E, Durak Y (June 1, 2025) Elucidation of biological properties of some commercial anthraquinones: Mutagenic / antimutagenic and antimicrobial activity approaches. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23 2 208–216.

IEEE

[1]A. Uysal, E. Güneş, and Y. Durak, “Elucidation of biological properties of some commercial anthraquinones: Mutagenic / antimutagenic and antimicrobial activity approaches”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 208–216, June 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA34RB63WY

ISNAD

Uysal, Ahmet - Güneş, Erdoğan - Durak, Yusuf. “Elucidation of Biological Properties of Some Commercial Anthraquinones: Mutagenic Antimutagenic and Antimicrobial Activity Approaches”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23/2 (June 1, 2025): 208-216. https://izlik.org/JA34RB63WY.

JAMA

1.Uysal A, Güneş E, Durak Y. Elucidation of biological properties of some commercial anthraquinones: Mutagenic / antimutagenic and antimicrobial activity approaches. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;23:208–216.

MLA

Uysal, Ahmet, et al. “Elucidation of Biological Properties of Some Commercial Anthraquinones: Mutagenic Antimutagenic and Antimicrobial Activity Approaches”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 23, no. 2, June 2025, pp. 208-16, https://izlik.org/JA34RB63WY.

Vancouver

1.Ahmet Uysal, Erdoğan Güneş, Yusuf Durak. Elucidation of biological properties of some commercial anthraquinones: Mutagenic / antimutagenic and antimicrobial activity approaches. J. Res. Pharm. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 1;23(2):208-16. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA34RB63WY