Panax ginseng extract ameliorates methotrexate-induced multi-organ damage via the regulation of oxidative stress

Caglar Macit; Seren Ede Pazarbasi; Sümeyye Yilmaz Karaoglu; Tugba Tunaliakbay; Fatma Bedia Karakaya-çimen; Feriha Ercan; Goksel Sener

Panax ginseng extract ameliorates methotrexate-induced multi-organ damage via the regulation of oxidative stress

Abstract

Oxidative damage plays an important role in organ toxicities caused by methotrexate (MTX). This study aimed to determine the antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng (PxG) extract against MTX-induced liver, lung, ileum and kidney damage. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley male rats (weight 250-300 g) were used in the study. The animals were randomly separated into three groups: a) Control, b) MTX-treated (MTX) and c) MTX+PxG-treated (MTX+PxG) groups. MTX was administered intraperitoneally at 20 mg/kg, as a single dose to MTX and MTX+PxG groups. PxG was administered orally at 100 mg/kg to the MTX+PxG group for five days. Saline was given to the control and MTX groups for 5 days. At the end of the experiment, liver, lung, ileum, and kidney samples were obtained. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and tissue factor (TF) activities were determined in all tissues. In addition, histological examinations were done through light microscopy. GraphPad Prism 5v. was used for statistics, and p<0.05 were considered significant. Administration of MTX caused severe injury in tissues. Findings showed that MDA level, SOD, and GST activities were significantly normalized in the MTX+PxG group compared to the control group. A significant reduction in GSH level observed in the MTX group was reversed with PxG administration In addition, TF activity and total protein levels were found to be impaired in the MTX group, but TF activity was significantly improved in liver and lung tissues and total protein level was significantly reversed in lung and ileum in MTX+PxG group. The results of histological examinations showed that MTX-induced damage was ameliorated with the PxG administration. In conclusion, this study shows that Panax ginseng, thanks to its antioxidant properties, reversed MTX-induced tissue damage and therefore may be beneficial against side effects in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Caglar Macit This is me
0000-0002-5532-2395
Türkiye

Seren Ede Pazarbasi This is me
Türkiye

Sümeyye Yilmaz Karaoglu This is me
0000-0001-5529-7380
Türkiye

Tugba Tunaliakbay This is me
0000-0002-2091-9298
Türkiye

Fatma Bedia Karakaya-çimen This is me
0000-0001-6054-0752
Türkiye

Feriha Ercan
0000-0003-2339-5669
Türkiye

Goksel Sener ^* This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 28, 2025

Submission Date

May 11, 2023

Acceptance Date

August 13, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 27 Number: 5

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA64KS39WC

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Macit, C., Pazarbasi, S. E., Karaoglu, S. Y., Tunaliakbay, T., Karakaya-çimen, F. B., Ercan, F., & Sener, G. (2025). Panax ginseng extract ameliorates methotrexate-induced multi-organ damage via the regulation of oxidative stress. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(5), 1974-1988. https://izlik.org/JA64KS39WC

AMA

1.Macit C, Pazarbasi SE, Karaoglu SY, et al. Panax ginseng extract ameliorates methotrexate-induced multi-organ damage via the regulation of oxidative stress. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(5):1974-1988. https://izlik.org/JA64KS39WC

Chicago

Macit, Caglar, Seren Ede Pazarbasi, Sümeyye Yilmaz Karaoglu, et al. 2025. “Panax Ginseng Extract Ameliorates Methotrexate-Induced Multi-Organ Damage via the Regulation of Oxidative Stress”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 (5): 1974-88. https://izlik.org/JA64KS39WC.

EndNote

Macit C, Pazarbasi SE, Karaoglu SY, Tunaliakbay T, Karakaya-çimen FB, Ercan F, Sener G (July 1, 2025) Panax ginseng extract ameliorates methotrexate-induced multi-organ damage via the regulation of oxidative stress. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 5 1974–1988.

IEEE

[1]C. Macit et al., “Panax ginseng extract ameliorates methotrexate-induced multi-organ damage via the regulation of oxidative stress”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1974–1988, July 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA64KS39WC

ISNAD

Macit, Caglar - Pazarbasi, Seren Ede - Karaoglu, Sümeyye Yilmaz - Tunaliakbay, Tugba - Karakaya-çimen, Fatma Bedia - Ercan, Feriha - Sener, Goksel. “Panax Ginseng Extract Ameliorates Methotrexate-Induced Multi-Organ Damage via the Regulation of Oxidative Stress”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/5 (July 1, 2025): 1974-1988. https://izlik.org/JA64KS39WC.

JAMA

1.Macit C, Pazarbasi SE, Karaoglu SY, Tunaliakbay T, Karakaya-çimen FB, Ercan F, Sener G. Panax ginseng extract ameliorates methotrexate-induced multi-organ damage via the regulation of oxidative stress. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:1974–1988.

MLA

Macit, Caglar, et al. “Panax Ginseng Extract Ameliorates Methotrexate-Induced Multi-Organ Damage via the Regulation of Oxidative Stress”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 27, no. 5, July 2025, pp. 1974-88, https://izlik.org/JA64KS39WC.

Vancouver

1.Caglar Macit, Seren Ede Pazarbasi, Sümeyye Yilmaz Karaoglu, Tugba Tunaliakbay, Fatma Bedia Karakaya-çimen, Feriha Ercan, Goksel Sener. Panax ginseng extract ameliorates methotrexate-induced multi-organ damage via the regulation of oxidative stress. J. Res. Pharm. [Internet]. 2025 Jul. 1;27(5):1974-88. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA64KS39WC