The potential of black soldier fly prepupa oil (Hermetia illucens L.) on wound healing in mice (Mus musculus L.)

Resti Rahayu; Salbella Dwi Utari; Putra Santoso

The potential of black soldier fly prepupa oil (Hermetia illucens L.) on wound healing in mice (Mus musculus L.)

Abstract

The wound is a local response of a tissue caused by contact with a heat source, sharp object, or microbes. Some pathogens have developed resistance to several topical antibiotics and cause adverse side effects. Therefore, the search for natural anti-inflammatory drugs that are effective but have few side effects is urgently needed. One of the natural ingredients that have the potential as anti-inflammatory is Black Soldier Fly (BSF) prepupa oil. This study aims to reveal the potential of BSF prepupa oil in accelerating burn wound healing and explain the content of chemical compounds in BSF prepupa oil as an anti-inflammatory using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GCMS) analysis. This study used 48 male BALB/c mice with four treatment groups, namely control group (without any treatment), 0,1 g Bioplacenton® treated group three times a day, 20 μL BSF prepupa oil-treated groups with once a day or two times a day applications. Burn wound conditioning was done by administering 25% phenol for 30 seconds, after which it was left for one day and then treated. Furthermore, changes in wound morphology, a decrease in the wound area, and leukocyte count were observed. The results showed that administering 20 µL BSF prepupa oil twice a day had a considerable anti-inflammatory effect on burn wound healing, as indicated by morphological changes in scab detachment and a significant decrease in wound area on day 7. However, it did not affect the number of leukocyte components in mice. In addition, GC-MS analysis revealed several anti-inflammatory solid compounds, namely acetic acid, ethenyl benzene, lauric acid, propionic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, and linoleic acid.

Keywords

References

[1] Das J. Injury and Wound Healing. In: J. Das (ed.) Trauma in Otolaryngology. Springer Singapore. Singapore. 2018; p 31-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6361-9_3
[2] Medellin L, Castaneda D, Martinez B, Cervantes V. Medicinal plant extracts and their use as wound closure inducing agents. J Med Food. 2019; 22(5): 435-443. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2018.0145.
[3] Thakur R, Jain N, Pathak R, Sandhu S. Practices in wound healing studies of plants. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. 2011; 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/438056.
[4] Järbrink K, Ni G, Sönnergren H, Schmidtchen A, Pang C, Bajpai R, Car J. Prevalence and incidence of chronic wounds and related complications: a protocol for a systematic review. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):152. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0329-y.
[5] Che H, Mohammed A, Sirajudeen K, Asari M, Hamzah Z, Shaik I. Keladi candik (Alocasia longiloba Miq.) petiole extracts promote wound healing in a full thickness excision wound model in rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2019; 9: 140-149. https://doi.org/10.4103/2221-1691.256727.
[6] Theoret C. Chapter 1 Physiology of wound healing in Equine Wound Management. 3thEd. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118999219.ch1 .
[7] Kavalukas S, Barbul A. Nutrition and wound healing: An update. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;127 (Suppl. 1): 38S–43S. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e318201256c.
[8] Alexander JW, Supp DM. Role of Arginine and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Wound Healing and Infection. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2014;3(11):682-690. https://doi.org/10.1089/wound.2013.0469.

[9] Armstrong DG, Hanft JR, Driver VR, Smith AP, Lazaro-Martinez JL, Reyzelman AM, Furst GJ, Vayser DJ, Cervantes HL, Snyder RJ, Moore MF, May PE, Nelson JL, Baggs GE, Voss AC; Diabetic Foot Nutrition Study Group. Effect of oral nutritional supplementation on wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med. 2014;31(9):1069-1077. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.12509.
[10] Mohammed B, Fisher B, Kraskauskas D, Ward S, Wayne J, Brophy D, Fowler A, Yager D, Natarajan R. Vitamin C promotes wound healing through novel pleiotropic mechanisms. Int Wound J. 2016; 13: 572–584. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12484.
[11] McDaniel J, Belury M, Ahijevych K, Blakely W. Omega-3 fatty acids affect wound healing. Wound Repair Regen. 2008; 16: 337–345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-475x.2008.00388.x.
[12] Sabale P, Bhimani B, Prajapati C, Sabale V. An overview of medicinal plants as wound healers. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2012; 2(11): 143-150. DOI: 10.7324/JAPS.2012.21127 .
[13] Derakhshanfar A, Moayedi J, Derakhshanfar G, Poostforoosh F. The role of Iranian medicinal plants in experimental surgical skin wound healing: An integrative review. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2019; 22: 590-600. https://doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2019.32963.7873.
[14] Nugroho R, Utami D, Aryani R, Nur F, Sari Y, Manurung H. In vivo wound healing activity of ethanolic extract of Terminalia catappa L. leaves in mice (Mus musculus). J Phys: Conference Series. 2019; 1277: 012031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1277/1/012031.
[15] Fallah M, Mojgan F, Sayed H. Polyethylene glycol-bis (N-methylimidazolium) dihydroxide as an efficient and recyclable basic phase-transfer catalyst for the synthesis of 4H-pyran derivatives in aqueous media. Asian J Green Chem. 2020; 4(1): 75-86. https://doi.org/10.1002/JCCS.201700401.
[16] Makkar P, Gilles T, Valerie H, Philippe A. State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2014; 197(38): 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.07.008.
[17] Muller A, Wolf D, Gutzeit H. The black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens - is a promising source for the sustainable production of proteins, lipids, and bioactive substances. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci. 2017; 26;72(9-10): 351-363. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2017-0030.
[18] Caligiani A, Marseglia A, Sorci A, Bonzanini F, Lolli V, Maistrello L, Sforza S. Influence of the killing method of the black soldier fly on its lipid composition. Food Res Int. 2019; 116: 276-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.033.
[19] Rabani V, Cheatsazan H, Davani S. Proteomics and lipidomics of black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) and blow fly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) larvae. J Insect Sci. 2019; 19(3): 29. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iez050.
[20] Rodrigues HG, Vinolo MA, Magdalon J, Vitzel K, Nachbar RT, Pessoa AF, dos Santos MF, Hatanaka E, Calder PC, Curi R. Oral administration of oleic or linoleic acid accelerates the inflammatory phase of wound healing. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132(1):208-215. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2011.265.
[21] Mueller, Susan BSN, RN, CWOCN; Contributor; Reimanis, Cathryn MS, RN, ND, CNS, ANP-BC, CWOCN; Contributor. Ostomy Care Literature Review. Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing. 2011. 39: S14-S17. https://doi.org/10.1097/WON.0b013e31825dd6a4.
[22] Manan A. Pharmacognosy and pharmacology of Haruan (Channa striatus), a medicinal fish with wound healing properties. Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas. 2007; 6(3): 52-60.
[23] Sajalaka, Bonifasia C. Activity of combination of candlenut oil (Aleurites moluccana L.) and soybean oil (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) as hair tonic in male rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). CHM-K Pharm Sci J. 2021; 4(2): 270-275.
[24] Marsela L, Sonlimar M. Effects of methanol maggot (H. illucens) extract on open wound healing ın rats (Rattus novergicus). J Health Pharm. 2021; 3(2): 99-104. https://doi.org/10.36086/jkpharm.v3i2.1083.
[25] Ugbogu E, Nwoku C, Ude V, Emmanuel O. Evaluating bioactive constituents and toxicological effect of aqueous extract of fermented Pentaclethra macrophylla seeds in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2020; 10: 101–113. https://doi.org/10.22038/ajp.2019.13557.
[26] Cardoso CR, Souza MA, Ferro EA, Favoreto S Jr, Pena JD. Influence of topical administration of n-3 and n-6 essential and n-9 nonessential fatty acids on the healing of cutaneous wounds. Wound Repair Regen. 2004;12(2):235-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1067-1927.2004.012216.x.
[27] de Oliveira AP, Franco Ede S, Rodrigues Barreto R, Cordeiro DP, de Melo RG, de Aquino CM, E Silva AA, de Medeiros PL, da Silva TG, Góes AJ, Maia MB. Effect of semisolid formulation of persea americana mill (avocado) oil on wound healing in rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:472382. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/472382.
[28] Dubo F, Dawud I, Umar E, Alex S, Baiyekusi, Farra U. Lauric acid alleviates ınflammation and structural changes in the lungs of type II diabetic male Wistar rats. J Afr Ass Physiol. 2019; 7 (2): 88-96.
[29] Nakatsuji T, Kao MC, Fang JY, Zouboulis CC, Zhang L, Gallo RL. The antimicrobial property of lauric acid against Propionibacterium acnes is its therapeutic potential for inflammatory acne vulgaris. J Invest Dermatol. 2009; 129: 2480–2488. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2009.93.
[30] Huang W, Tsai T, Chuang L, Li Y, Zouboulis C, Tsai P. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties of capric acid against Propionibacterium acnes: a comparative study with lauric acid. J Dermatol Sci. 2014; 73(3): 232-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.10.010.
[31] Horiuchi T, Mitoma H, Harashima S, Tsukamoto H, Shimoda T. Transmembrane TNF-alpha: structure, function and interaction with anti-TNF agents. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010 Jul;49(7):1215-1228. https://doi.org/10.1093%2Frheumatology%2Fkeq031.
[32] Fadilaturahmah F, Rahayu R, Santoso P. Anti-inflammatory effects of velvet bean leaf (Mucuna pruriens L. (DC.), Fabaceae) ethanolic extract against carrageenan in male mice. J Res Pharm. 2023; 27(4): 1524-1533. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/jrp.438.
[33] Al-Lahham S, Rezaee F. Propionic acid counteracts the inflammation of human subcutaneous adipose tissue: A new avenue for drug development. Daru. 2019; 27(2): 645-652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40199-019-00294-z.
[34] Hashemi G, Eghbal M, Darabi M, Roshangar L, Asadi M, Zarghami N, Nouri M. Improvement of liver cell therapy in rats by dietary stearic acid. Iran Biomed J. 2016; 20(4): 217-222. https://doi.org/10.7508/ibj.2016.04.005.
[35] Yang H, Meng L, Ai D, Hou N, Li H, Shuai X, Peng X. Acetic acid alleviates the inflammatory response and liver injury in septic mice by increasing the expression of TRIM40. Exp Ther Med. 2019; 17(4): 2789-2798. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2019.7274.
[36] Janes D, Kocevar G. Modern Cosmetics, Ingredients of natural origin, a scientific view, Volume 1. Velenje, Slovenia: Sirimo dobro besedo d.o.o. 2018.
[37] Lanini A, Yodo S, Sulbadana L P, Syafiuddin I. Model of dispute settlement over natural resources in Lore Lindu National Park Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. J Environ Treat Tech. 2019; 7(4), 595-600.
[38] Hayun S, Hudiyono M, Hanafi, Yanuar. Synthesis and COX-2 Inhibitory Activity of 4- [(E)-2-(4-Oxo-3- phenyl-3,4- dihydroquinazolin -2- yl) ethenyl] benzene-1- sulfonamide and Its Analogs. Pharmaceuticals. 2012; 5:1282-1290.
[39] Laut M, Ndaong N, Utami T, Junersi M, Bria Y. The effectiveness of Giving earring leaf ethanol extract ointment (Acalypha indica Linn.) on ıncision wound healing in mice (Mus musculus). J Vet Stud. 2019; 7(1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.35508/jkv.v7i1.377.
[40] Brain BJ. Hematologi Kurikulum Inti. Jakarta : EGC. 2015.
[41] Zaja-Milatovic S, Richmond A. CXC chemokines and their receptors: a case for a significant biological role in cutaneous wound healing. Histol Histopathol. 2008; 23(11): 1399–1407. https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-23.1399.
[42] Sumoza N, Efrizal, Rahayu R. The effect of gambir (Uncaria gambir R.) on burn healing in male white mice (Mus musculus L.). J Biol Andalas University. 2014; 3(4); 283: 288.
[43] Ou S, Chen Z, Wu Q. Effects of porcine fibrin sealant on the healing of wounds and hydroxyproline expression in rats. Sci Technol Eng. 2018; 18: 168–173. https://doi.org/10.24425/pjvs.2020.132755 .
[44] Kakel SJ. The evaluation of traditional and automatic coulter method in estimation haematological parameters in adult rats. Beni-Suef University J Basic Appl Sci. 2013; 2(1): 31 –35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjbas.2013.09.004.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Resti Rahayu ^*
0000-0002-8882-0593
Indonesia

Salbella Dwi Utari This is me
0009-0002-6828-0195
Indonesia

Putra Santoso
0000-0003-4092-6222
Indonesia

Publication Date

June 28, 2025

Submission Date

July 10, 2023

Acceptance Date

November 3, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 28 Number: 4

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA86JK96DK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Rahayu, R., Utari, S. D., & Santoso, P. (2025). The potential of black soldier fly prepupa oil (Hermetia illucens L.) on wound healing in mice (Mus musculus L.). Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 28(4), 1275-1284. https://izlik.org/JA86JK96DK

AMA

1.Rahayu R, Utari SD, Santoso P. The potential of black soldier fly prepupa oil (Hermetia illucens L.) on wound healing in mice (Mus musculus L.). J. Res. Pharm. 2025;28(4):1275-1284. https://izlik.org/JA86JK96DK

Chicago

Rahayu, Resti, Salbella Dwi Utari, and Putra Santoso. 2025. “The Potential of Black Soldier Fly Prepupa Oil (Hermetia Illucens L.) on Wound Healing in Mice (Mus Musculus L.)”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28 (4): 1275-84. https://izlik.org/JA86JK96DK.

EndNote

Rahayu R, Utari SD, Santoso P (July 1, 2025) The potential of black soldier fly prepupa oil (Hermetia illucens L.) on wound healing in mice (Mus musculus L.). Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28 4 1275–1284.

IEEE

[1]R. Rahayu, S. D. Utari, and P. Santoso, “The potential of black soldier fly prepupa oil (Hermetia illucens L.) on wound healing in mice (Mus musculus L.)”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1275–1284, July 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA86JK96DK

ISNAD

Rahayu, Resti - Utari, Salbella Dwi - Santoso, Putra. “The Potential of Black Soldier Fly Prepupa Oil (Hermetia Illucens L.) on Wound Healing in Mice (Mus Musculus L.)”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 28/4 (July 1, 2025): 1275-1284. https://izlik.org/JA86JK96DK.

JAMA

1.Rahayu R, Utari SD, Santoso P. The potential of black soldier fly prepupa oil (Hermetia illucens L.) on wound healing in mice (Mus musculus L.). J. Res. Pharm. 2025;28:1275–1284.

MLA

Rahayu, Resti, et al. “The Potential of Black Soldier Fly Prepupa Oil (Hermetia Illucens L.) on Wound Healing in Mice (Mus Musculus L.)”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 28, no. 4, July 2025, pp. 1275-84, https://izlik.org/JA86JK96DK.

Vancouver

1.Resti Rahayu, Salbella Dwi Utari, Putra Santoso. The potential of black soldier fly prepupa oil (Hermetia illucens L.) on wound healing in mice (Mus musculus L.). J. Res. Pharm. [Internet]. 2025 Jul. 1;28(4):1275-84. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA86JK96DK