Preparation, optimization and in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation of hydroquinone loaded microemulsion formulations for melasma treatment

Neslihan Üstündağ; Emre Şefik Çağlar; Ahmet Nezihi Pekcan; Mehmet Evren Okur; Şule Ayla

Preparation, optimization and in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation of hydroquinone loaded microemulsion formulations for melasma treatment

Abstract

The aim of the study is to evaluate the strengthening of penetration of the epidermis through the formulas containing hydroquinone in melasma treatment and development of alternative new carrier systems. During preparation of hydroquinone loaded microemulsions, isopropyl myristate (IPM) as oil phase, Cremophor EL, Span 20, Span 80 and Tween 20 as surfactant, ethanol as co-surfactant, distilled water as aqueous phase were used. Furthermore, in vitro drug release studies were performed. As results of the study, it was measured that conductivity between 16 ± 2.51 and 42.1 ± 2.67, viscosity between 8.97 ± 0.082 and 51.76 ± 0.04, pH between 3.3 ± 0.436 and 5.7 ± 0.2 and refractive index between 1.4032 ± 0.0002 and 1.4299 ± 0.0002. Formulations showed that zeta potential between -0.461 ± 0.009 and 0.359 ± 0.223, PDI between 0.08 ± 0.02 and 0.196 ± 0.067, and droplet size between 24.27 ± 3.559 and 324.9 ± 16.8 nm. Moreover, in vitro drug release studies showed that formulation M2 released 87.405 % of the drug at the end of the 24h. According to results of histopathological analysis, formulations were found convenient for the usage. According to results of our study, hydroquinone loaded microemulsions can be seen as a promising alternative for the treatment of melasma disease.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Neslihan Üstündağ ^*
Türkiye

Emre Şefik Çağlar
Türkiye

Ahmet Nezihi Pekcan This is me
Türkiye

Mehmet Evren Okur
Türkiye

Şule Ayla
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 27, 2025

Submission Date

November 20, 2018

Acceptance Date

March 21, 2019

Published in Issue

Year 2019 Volume: 23 Number: 4

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA55TD99DK

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Üstündağ, N., Çağlar, E. Ş., Pekcan, A. N., Okur, M. E., & Ayla, Ş. (2025). Preparation, optimization and in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation of hydroquinone loaded microemulsion formulations for melasma treatment. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 23(4), 662-670. https://izlik.org/JA55TD99DK

AMA

1.Üstündağ N, Çağlar EŞ, Pekcan AN, Okur ME, Ayla Ş. Preparation, optimization and in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation of hydroquinone loaded microemulsion formulations for melasma treatment. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;23(4):662-670. https://izlik.org/JA55TD99DK

Chicago

Üstündağ, Neslihan, Emre Şefik Çağlar, Ahmet Nezihi Pekcan, Mehmet Evren Okur, and Şule Ayla. 2025. “Preparation, Optimization and in Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of Hydroquinone Loaded Microemulsion Formulations for Melasma Treatment”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23 (4): 662-70. https://izlik.org/JA55TD99DK.

EndNote

Üstündağ N, Çağlar EŞ, Pekcan AN, Okur ME, Ayla Ş (June 1, 2025) Preparation, optimization and in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation of hydroquinone loaded microemulsion formulations for melasma treatment. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23 4 662–670.

IEEE

[1]N. Üstündağ, E. Ş. Çağlar, A. N. Pekcan, M. E. Okur, and Ş. Ayla, “Preparation, optimization and in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation of hydroquinone loaded microemulsion formulations for melasma treatment”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 662–670, June 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA55TD99DK

ISNAD

Üstündağ, Neslihan - Çağlar, Emre Şefik - Pekcan, Ahmet Nezihi - Okur, Mehmet Evren - Ayla, Şule. “Preparation, Optimization and in Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of Hydroquinone Loaded Microemulsion Formulations for Melasma Treatment”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 23/4 (June 1, 2025): 662-670. https://izlik.org/JA55TD99DK.

JAMA

1.Üstündağ N, Çağlar EŞ, Pekcan AN, Okur ME, Ayla Ş. Preparation, optimization and in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation of hydroquinone loaded microemulsion formulations for melasma treatment. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;23:662–670.

MLA

Üstündağ, Neslihan, et al. “Preparation, Optimization and in Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of Hydroquinone Loaded Microemulsion Formulations for Melasma Treatment”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 23, no. 4, June 2025, pp. 662-70, https://izlik.org/JA55TD99DK.

Vancouver

1.Neslihan Üstündağ, Emre Şefik Çağlar, Ahmet Nezihi Pekcan, Mehmet Evren Okur, Şule Ayla. Preparation, optimization and in vivo anti-inflammatory evaluation of hydroquinone loaded microemulsion formulations for melasma treatment. J. Res. Pharm. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 1;23(4):662-70. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA55TD99DK